Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa kubheka ukukhula kokukhula, izakhi zofuzo, kanye nokuqina komzimba emzimbeni wosana olusanda kuzalwa. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimpawu. Eziningi zalezi zifo ziyivelakancane, kepha zingelashwa uma zisheshe zabanjwa.

Izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kokuzalwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezenziwa ziyehlukahluka kuye ngezwe. Ngo-Ephreli 2011, zonke izifundazwe zabika ukuhlolwa kokuphazamiseka okungenani okungama-26 kwiphaneli yomfaniswano enwetshiwe nelajwayelekile. Iphaneli lokuhlola eliphelele kakhulu lihlola ukuphazamiseka okungaba ngu-40. Kodwa-ke, ngoba i-phenylketonuria (PKU) kwakuyinkinga yokuqala okwenziwa kuyo ukuhlolwa kokuhlola, abanye abantu basabiza isikrini esanda kuzalwa ngokuthi "ukuhlolwa kwe-PKU".

Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwegazi, kunconywa ukuhlolwa kwezinkinga zokuzwa kanye nesifo senhliziyo esibucayi (CCHD) kuzo zonke izingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Izifundazwe eziningi zidinga lokhu kuhlolwa ngumthetho futhi.

Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Amaconsi ambalwa egazi athathwe esithendeni somntwana. Igazi lithunyelwa ebhodini ukuze liyohlolwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa. Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzobeka isiqeshana sendlebe esincane noma imakrofoni endlebeni yosana. Enye indlela isebenzisa ama-electrode afakwa ekhanda lengane ngenkathi ingane ithule noma ilele.
• Isikrini seCCHD. Umhlinzeki uzobeka inzwa encane ethambile esikhumbeni sengane bese eyinamathisela emshinini obizwa nge-oximeter imizuzu embalwa. I-oximeter izolinganisa amazinga eoksijini enganeni nasesandleni.

Akukho ukulungiselela okudingekayo ekuhlolweni okusanda kuzalwa kokuhlolwa. Ukuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphambi kokuphuma esibhedlela lapho ingane iphakathi kwamahora angama-24 nezinsuku eziyi-7 ubudala.

Ingane izokhala kakhulu lapho isithende sihlushwa ukuthola isampula segazi. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izingane ezinomama abazibamba isikhumba esikhunjeni noma abazincelisa ngesikhathi senqubo zibonisa ukucindezeleka okuncane. Ukugoqa ingane ngokuqinile ngengubo, noma ukunikeza i-pacifier efakwe emanzini kashukela, kungasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu nasekuzinziseni ingane.

Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa nesikrini seCCHD akufanele kubangele ingane ukuthi izwe ubuhlungu, ikhale, noma iphendule.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola akuhlolisisi ukugula. Zikhombisa ukuthi yiziphi izingane ezidinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa noma ukukhipha izifo.

Uma ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane inesifo, kungaqalwa ukwelashwa, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwegazi kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuphazamiseka okuningi. Ezinye zazo zingabandakanya:

• Iziphazamiso ze-Amino acid metabolism
• Ukushoda kweBiotinidase
• I-hyperplasia yokuzalwa ye-adrenal
• I-hypothyroidism engokwemvelo
• ICystic fibrosis
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism ye-acid
• IGalactosemia
• Ukushoda kwe-Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
• Isifo sokuzivikela komzimba (i-HIV)
• Iziphazamiso ze-Organic acid metabolism
• I-Phenylketonuria (PKU)
• Isifo se-Sickle cell nezinye izinkinga ze-hemoglobin nezici
• I-Toxoplasmosis

Amanani ajwayelekile ekuhlolweni ngakunye kokuhlola angahluka ngokuya ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kanjani.

Qaphela: Ububanzi bamanani ajwayelekile bungahluka kancane phakathi kwamalabhorethri ahlukene. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nencazelo yemiphumela yakho ethile yokuhlolwa.

Umphumela ongajwayelekile usho ukuthi ingane kufanele ihlolwe ngokwengeziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe noma kukhishwe lesi simo.

Izingozi zesampula yegazi esanda kuzalwa yesithende segazi zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu
• Ukulimazeka okungenzeka endaweni lapho kwatholakala khona igazi

Ukuhlolwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa kubalulekile ukuthi ingane ithole ukwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kungasindisa impilo. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izifo ezitholakalayo ezingalashwa.

Yize izibhedlela zingakwenzi konke ukuhlolwa kokuhlola, abazali bangenza olunye uvivinyo ezikhungweni ezinkulu zezokwelapha. Amalebhu azimele nawo ahlinzeka ngokuhlolwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Abazali bangathola ngokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa kumhlinzeki wabo noma esibhedlela lapho kuzalwa khona ingane. Amaqembu afana noMashi weDimes - www.marchofdimes.org nawo anikela ngezinsizakusebenza zokuhlola ukuhlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwezinsana; Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-Neonatal; Ukuhlolwa kwe-PKU

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Ingosi yokuhlola ezisanda kuzalwa. www.cdc.gov/ukukhulelwa kwesanda kuzalwa. Kubuyekezwe ngoFebhuwari 7, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJuni 26, 2019.

USahai I, uLevy HL. Ukuhlolwa okusanda kuzalwa. Ku: Gleason CA, Juul SE, ama-eds. Izifo zika-Avery Zomntwana osanda kuzalwa. Umhlaka 10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 27.