Umkhuhlane wezinyoni

Umkhuhlane we-Avian Amagciwane adala ukungenwa yimikhuhlane ezinyonini. Amagciwane abanga lesi sifo ezinyonini angashintsha (aguquke) ukuze asabalalele kubantu.

Umkhuhlane wokuqala wezinyoni kubantu wabikwa eHong Kong ngo-1997. Wabizwa ngokuthi umkhuhlane wezinyoni (H5N1). Lesi sifo sahlanganiswa nezinkukhu.

Kusukela lapho kube nezigameko zabantu zomkhuhlane wezinyoni u-A e-Asia, e-Afrika, eYurophu, e-Indonesia, eVietnam, ePacific nase-Near East. Amakhulu abantu baye bagula ngaleli gciwane. Kuze kube uhhafu wabantu abathola leli gciwane babulawa yilesi sifo.

Ithuba lokuqhamuka komhlaba wonke kubantu likhuphuka kakhulu lapho igciwane lomkhuhlane wezinyoni lisakazeka kakhulu.

ICenters for Disease Control and Prevention ibika izifunda ezingama-21 ezinomkhuhlane wezinyoni futhi azikho izifo kubantu kusukela ngo-Agasti 2015.

• Eziningi zalezi zifo zenzekile emhlanjini nasemuva kwezinkukhu.
• Lawa ma-virus we-HPAI H5 akamuva awathelelekanga noma yibaphi abantu e-United States, Canada, noma emazweni omhlaba. Ingcuphe yokutheleleka kubantu iphansi.

Ingozi yakho yokuthola igciwane lomkhuhlane wezinyoni liphakeme uma:

• Usebenza nezinkukhu (njengabalimi).
• Uhambela emazweni lapho kunegciwane khona.
• Uthinta inyoni enesifo.
• Ungena esakhiweni esinezinyoni ezigulayo noma ezifile, indle, noma udoti wezinyoni ezinegciwane.
• Udla inyama yenkukhu engaphekiwe noma engaphekiwe, amaqanda, noma igazi lezinyoni ezinegciwane.

Akekho othole igciwane lomkhuhlane wezinkukhu ekudleni izinkukhu eziphekiwe noma imikhiqizo yenkukhu.

Abasebenzi bezempilo kanye nabantu abahlala endlini efanayo nabantu abane-bird flu bangaba sengozini enkulu yokutheleleka.

Amagciwane omkhuhlane we-avian angahlala emvelweni isikhathi eside. Ukutheleleka kungasakazeka ngokuthinta izindawo ezinegciwane kuzo. Izinyoni ebezingenwe wumkhuhlane zingalikhipha leli gciwane endleni nasematheni isikhathi esiyizinsuku eziyishumi.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngomkhuhlane wezinyoni kubantu zincike kohlobo lwegciwane.

Igciwane lomkhuhlane wezinyoni i-avian influenza kubantu lidala izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, njenge:

• Khwehlela
• Uhudo
• Ukuphefumula kanzima
• Umkhuhlane omkhulu kuno-100.4 ° F (38 ° C)
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukuzizwa okujwayelekile (malaise)
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Iphunga eligijimayo
• Umphimbo obuhlungu

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uvulelekile kuleligciwane, shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokuvakashelwa yihhovisi lakho. Lokhu kuzonikeza abasebenzi ithuba lokuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela kanye nabanye abantu ngesikhathi uvakashele ihhovisi lakho.

Kunezivivinyo zomkhuhlane wezinyoni, kepha awutholakali kabanzi. Uhlobo olulodwa lokuhlola lunganikeza imiphumela cishe emahoreni amane.

Umhlinzeki wakho angenza futhi izivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukulalela amaphaphu (ukuthola imisindo yokuphefumula engajwayelekile)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Isiko elivela emakhaleni noma emphinjeni
• Indlela noma inqubo yokuthola igciwane, ebizwa nge-RT-PCR
• Isibalo samangqamuzana amhlophe egazi

Olunye uvivinyo lungenziwa ukubheka ukuthi inhliziyo yakho, izinso, nesibindi kusebenza kahle kangakanani.

Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka, futhi kusekelwe kwizimpawu zakho.

Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane i-oseltamivir (Tamiflu) noma i-zanamivir (i-Relenza) kungenza lesi sifo sibe nzima kakhulu. Ukuze umuthi usebenze, udinga ukuqala ukuwuthatha kungakapheli amahora angama-48 ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu zakho.

I-Oseltamivir nayo ingabhalwa kubantu abahlala endlini eyodwa abantu abane-avian flu. Lokhu kungabavimba ekutholeni ukugula.

Igciwane elibangela umkhuhlane wezinyoni womuntu liyamelana nemithi elwa namagciwane, i-amantadine ne-rimantadine. Le mithi akufanele isetshenziswe uma kubheduka i-H5N1.

Abantu abanesifo esibi bangadinga ukufakwa emshinini wokuphefumula. Abantu abatheleleke ngaleli gciwane kufanele futhi bahlukaniswe nabantu abangenalo igciwane.

Abahlinzeki batusa ukuthi abantu bathole umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane). Lokhu kunganciphisa ithuba lokuthi igciwane lomkhuhlane wezinkukhu lihlangane negciwane lomkhuhlane womuntu. Lokhu kungadala igciwane elisha elingasakazeka kalula.

Umbono uncike ohlotsheni lwegciwane lomkhuhlane wezinyoni nokuthi ukutheleleka kubi kangakanani. Lesi sifo singabulala.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukwehluleka okuphefumulayo kahle
• Ukwehluleka komzimba
• Inyumoniya
• I-Sepsis

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uba nezimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ezinsukwini eziyi-10 zokuphatha izinyoni ezinegciwane noma ukuba sendaweni ene-avian flu.

Kunomuthi wokugoma ovunyelwe ukuvikela abantu egciwaneni lomkhuhlane i-H5N1avian. Lo mgomo ungasetshenziswa uma ngabe igciwane le-H5N1 lamanje liqala ukusabalala phakathi kwabantu. Uhulumeni wase-US ugcina isitokwe somuthi wokugoma.

Ngalesi sikhathi, i-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ayincomi ngokuhambela amazwe athintwe umkhuhlane wezinyoni.

ICDC yenza izincomo ezilandelayo.

Njengokuqapha okujwayelekile:

• Gwema izinyoni zasendle futhi uzibuke kude nje.
• Gwema ukuthinta izinyoni ezigulayo nezindawo ezingambozwa endleni yazo.
• Sebenzisa izembatho zokuzivikela nezimaski ezikhethekile zokuphefumula uma usebenza nezinyoni noma uma ungena ezakhiweni ezinezinyoni ezigulayo noma ezifile, indle, noma udoti wezinyoni ezinegciwane.
• Uma uke waxhumana nezinyoni ezinegciwane, bheka izimpawu zokutheleleka. Uma utheleleka, tshela umhlinzeki wakho.
• Gwema inyama engaphekiwe noma engaphekiwe. Lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi bokuchayeka kumkhuhlane wezinyoni nezinye izifo ezidalwa ukudla.

Uma uhambela amanye amazwe:

• Gwema ukuvakashela ezimakethe zezinyoni eziphilayo kanye namapulazi ezinkukhu.
• Gwema ukulungiselela noma ukudla imikhiqizo yenkukhu engaphekiwe.
• Bona umhlinzeki wakho uma ugula ngemuva kokubuya ohambweni lwakho.

Imininingwane yamanje emayelana nomkhuhlane wezinyoni iyatholakala ku: www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/avian-in-humans.htm.

Umkhuhlane wezinyoni; H5N1; H5N2; H5N8; H7N9; Umkhuhlane wezinyoni i-Avian (HPAI) H5

• Imikhuhlane nomkhuhlane - yini ongayibuza udokotela wakho - umuntu omdala
• Imikhuhlane nomkhuhlane - yini ongayibuza udokotela - ingane yakho

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Umkhuhlane we-Avian Ukutheleleka ngegciwane kubantu. www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/avian-in-humans.htm. Kubuyekezwe u-Ephreli 18, 2017. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 3, 2020.

UDumler JS, Reller ME. Ama-Zoonoses. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 312.

I-Ison MG, iHayden FG. Umkhuhlane. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 340.

UTreanor JJ. Amagciwane omkhuhlane, kufaka phakathi umkhuhlane wezinyoni nomkhuhlane wengulube. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 165.