Ukuzuza kwesisindo seNonatal kanye nokudla okunomsoco

Izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi zidinga ukuthola ukudla okunomsoco ukuze zikhule ngezinga eliseduze kakhulu nelabantwana abasesesibelethweni.

Izingane ezizalwa zingaphansi kwamasonto angama-37 ukukhulelwa (ngaphambi kwesikhathi) zinezidingo zokondleka ezihlukile kunezingane ezizalwe ngesikhathi esigcwele (ngemuva kwamasonto angama-38).

Izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi zivame ukuhlala egunjini lokunakekela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa (i-NICU). Babhekwe ngeso lokhozi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bathola ibhalansi elifanele loketshezi nokondleka.

Ama-incubator noma ukufudumala okukhethekile kusiza izingane ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo. Lokhu kunciphisa amandla izingane okufanele azisebenzise ukuze zifudumale. Umoya omanzi nawo usetshenziselwa ukubasiza ukugcina ukushisa komzimba nokugwema ukulahleka koketshezi.

IZINKINGA ZOKONDLA

Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angama-34 kuya kwangama-37 zivame ukuba nezinkinga zokondla ngebhodlela noma ebeleni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abakakhuli ngokwanele ukuhlanganisa ukuncela, ukuphefumula nokugwinya.

Okunye ukugula nakho kungaphazamisa ikhono losana olusanda kuzalwa lokondla ngomlomo. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• Izinkinga zokuphefumula
• Izinga le-oxygen ephansi
• Izinkinga zokujikeleza
• Ukutheleleka ngegazi

Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezincane kakhulu noma ezigulayo zingadinga ukuthola ukondleka noketshezi ngomthambo (IV).

Njengoba ziba namandla, zingaqala ukuthola ubisi noma ubisi lwebhodlela ngeshubhu elingena esiswini ngamakhala noma ngomlomo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-gavage feed. Inani lobisi noma ifomula lenyuswa kancane, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka kwamathumbu okubizwa nge-necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Izingane ezinikezwa ubisi lomuntu mancane amathuba okuthi zithole i-NEC.

Izingane ezingakafiki ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ezizalwa ngemuva kokukhulelwa amasonto angama-34 kuya kwangama-37) kaningi zingondliwa ngebhodlela noma ebeleni likanina. Izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi zingaba nesikhathi esilula ngokuncelisa kunokuncelisa ibhodlela ekuqaleni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukugeleza okuvela ebhodleleni kunzima kubo ukulawula futhi bangaklinya noma bayeke ukuphefumula. Kodwa-ke, bangaba nezinkinga zokugcina ukuncela okufanele esifubeni ukuthola ubisi olwanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngisho nezingane ezindala ngaphambi kwesikhathi zingadinga ukuphakelwa kwe-gavage kwezinye izimo.

IZIDINGO ZOKUDLA OKUNGONDLEKILEYO

Izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi zinenkinga enzima yokugcina ibhalansi yamanzi efanele emizimbeni yazo. Lezi zingane zingaphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma zinikwe amanzi amaningi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingakazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

• Izinsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi zingalahlekelwa amanzi amaningi ngesikhumba noma ngomgudu wokuphefumula kunezingane ezizalwe ngesikhathi esigcwele.
• Izinso ezisenganeni engakazalwa azikakhuli ngokwanele ukulawula amazinga wamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ithimba le-NICU ligcina ithrekhi yokuthi zingakanani izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi zichitha (ngokulinganisa amanabukeni azo) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuphuma kwazo kuketshezi kanye nomchamo kulingana.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyenziwa futhi ukuqapha amazinga e-electrolyte.

Ubisi lomuntu oluvela kumama wengane lungcono kakhulu ezinganeni ezizalwe zisencane futhi ezinesisindo esiphansi kakhulu sokuzalwa.

• Ubisi lomuntu lungavikela izingane ezifweni nasezifweni ezingazelelwe zokufa kwezinsana (SIDS) kanye ne-NEC.
• Ama-NICU amaningi azonikeza ubisi olunikelayo kusuka ebhange lobisi ezinganeni ezisengozini enkulu ezingakwazi ukuthola ubisi olwanele kunina wazo.
• Amafomula akhethekile angaphambi kwesikhathi angasetshenziswa futhi. Lawa mafomula anezele i-calcium namaprotheni amaningi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhethekile zokukhula kwezingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
• Izingane ezindala ezandulela ukuzalwa (ukukhulelwa amasonto angama-34 kuya kwangu-36) zingashintshelwa kwifomula ejwayelekile noma ifomula lesikhashana.

Izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi bezingakafiki isikhathi eside esibelethweni ukugcina izakhamzimba ezizidingayo futhi kumele zithathe izithasiselo ezithile.

• Izingane ezinikezwa ubisi lwebele zingadinga isengezo esibizwa ngokuthi i-human milk fortifier exutshwe nokuphakelwa kwazo. Lokhu kubanikeza amaprotheni engeziwe, ama-calories, i-iron, i-calcium, namavithamini. Izingane ezidla ifomula zingadinga ukuthatha izithasiselo zezakhi ezithile zomzimba, kufaka phakathi amavithamini A, C, no-D, ne-folic acid.
• Ezinye izinsana zizodinga ukuqhubeka nokuthatha izithako zokudla okunomsoco ngemuva kokuphuma esibhedlela. Ezinsaneni zokuncelisa, lokhu kungasho ibhodlela noma ubisi lwebele olunezinsimbi eziqinisiwe ngosuku kanye nezengezo zensimbi novithamini D. Ezinye izingane zizodinga ukwesekwa okungaphezulu kunezinye. Lokhu kungafaka izingane ezingakwazi ukuthatha umthamo owanele wobisi ngokuncelisa ibele ukuthola ama-calories adinga ukukhula kahle.
• Ngemuva kokuncelisa ngakunye, abantwana kufanele babonakale benelisekile. Kufanele babe nokuphakelwa okungu-8 kuye kwayi-10 futhi okungenani kube namanabukeni angu-6 kuye kwangama-8 amanzi nsuku zonke. Izindle ezinamanzi noma ezinegazi noma ukuhlanza okujwayelekile kungakhombisa inkinga.

KUKHULULEKILE

Ukuzuza kwesisindo kubhekwa eduze kwazo zonke izingane. Izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezinokukhula kancane zibonakala zinokubambezeleka okukhulu kokuthuthuka ezifundweni zocwaningo.

• Ku-NICU, izingane zilinganiswa nsuku zonke.
• Kuvamile ukuthi izingane zinciphise isisindo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila. Iningi lalokhu kulahlekelwa isisindo samanzi.
• Izinsana eziningi ngaphambi kwesikhathi kufanele ziqale ukuthola isisindo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuzalwa.

Ukuzuza kwesisindo okufisayo kuncike kubukhulu bengane kanye neminyaka yokukhulelwa. Izingane ezigulayo zingadinga ukunikezwa ama-calories amaningi ukuze zikhule ngezinga elifunayo.

• Kungahle kube ngamagremu ama-5 ngosuku enganeni encane emasontweni angama-24, noma ngamagremu angama-20 kuye kwangama-30 ngosuku enganeni enkudlwana emasontweni angama-33 noma ngaphezulu.
• Ngokuvamile, ingane kufanele ithole cishe ikota ye-ounce (30 amagremu) usuku ngalunye ngephawundi ngalinye (1/2 khilogremu) elisindayo. (Lokhu kulingana no-15 amagremu ngekhilogremu ngosuku. Kuyisilinganiso esimaphakathi lapho umbungu ukhula khona ngesikhathi senyanga yesithathu).

Izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi azishiyi isibhedlela zize zikhuluphele ngokuqinile nasesibhedeni esivulekile kunokuba zisebenzise i-incubator. Ezinye izibhedlela zinomthetho wokuthi ingane kumele ikalwe kangakanani ngaphambi kokuya ekhaya, kodwa lokhu sekuya ngokuya kwehla. Ngokuvamile, izingane okungenani zingamakhilogremu ama-2 (2 kilograms) ngaphambi kokuba zikulungele ukuphuma ku-incubator.

Umsoco osanda kuzalwa; Izidingo zokudla okunempilo - izinsana ezingaphambi kwesikhathi

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