Iskena seBrain MRI

Ukuhlolwa kwesifuba se-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) ukuhlolwa kwemifanekiso okusebenzisa ozibuthe abanamandla namagagasi omsakazo ukudala izithombe zesifuba nezicubu ezizungezile. Ayisebenzisi imisebe (x-ray).

I-MRI yebele ingenziwa ngokuhlanganiswa ne-mammography noma i-ultrasound. Akuyona indawo ye-mammography.

Uzogqoka ingubo yasesibhedlela noma izingubo ngaphandle kokugqashuka kwensimbi noma uziphu (okokujuluka nesikibha). Ezinye izinhlobo zensimbi zingadala ukufiphala kwezithombe.

Uzolala ngesisu etafuleni elincanyana amabele akho elenga phansi emigodini evulekile. Itafula lingena kushubhu enkulu efana nomhubhe.

Ezinye izivivinyo zidinga udayi okhethekile (umehluko). Isikhathi esiningi, udayi uzowuthola ngomthambo (IV) osesandleni sakho noma engalweni. Idayi isiza udokotela (i-radiologist) ukuthi abone ezinye izindawo ngokucacile.

Ngesikhathi seMRI, umuntu osebenzisa umshini uzokubuka ukwelinye igumbi. Ukuhlolwa kuthatha imizuzu engama-30 kuye kwangama-60, kodwa kungathatha isikhathi eside.

Cishe ngeke udinge ukwenza noma yini ukulungiselela isivivinyo. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nokudla nokuphuza ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Tshela umhlinzeki wakho uma wesaba izikhala eziqinile (une-claustrophobia). Unganikezwa umuthi ozokusiza uzizwe ulele futhi ungakhathazeki kangako. Futhi, umhlinzeki wakho angaphakamisa i-MRI "evulekile". Umshini awusondelene nomzimba kulolu hlobo lokuhlola.

Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, tshela umhlinzeki wakho uma ngabe:

• Iziqeshana ze-aneurysm zobuchopho
• Izinhlobo ezithile zamavalvu enhliziyo yokufakelwa
• Inhliziyo defibrillator noma i-pacemaker
• Ukufakwa kwendlebe kwangaphakathi (cochlear)
• Isifo sezinso noma i-dialysis (ungahle ungakwazi ukuthola umehluko we-IV)
• Amalunga wokufakelwa asanda kufakwa
• Izinhlobo ezithile ze-vascular stents
• Kusetshenziswe ngensimbi yensimbi esikhathini esedlule (ungadinga ukuhlolwa ukuhlola izingcezu zensimbi emehlweni akho)

Ngoba i-MRI iqukethe odonsa abanamandla, izinto zensimbi azivunyelwe ukungena egumbini elinesithwebuli se-MRI:

• Amapeni, okhiye bokuphaka, nezibuko zamehlo zingandiza zinqamule igumbi.
• Izinto ezinjengobucwebe, amawashi, amakhadi esikweletu nezinsiza-kuzwa zingalimala.
• Izikhonkwane, okokufaka izinwele, uziphu wensimbi, nezinto ezifanayo zensimbi kungasonta izithombe.
• Umsebenzi wamazinyo osusekayo kufanele ukhishwe ngaphambi nje kokuskena.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI akubangeli buhlungu. Uzodinga ukuqamba amanga unganyakazi. Ukunyakaza okuningi kungafiphaza izithombe ze-MRI futhi kudale amaphutha.

Uma ukhathazeke kakhulu, unganikezwa umuthi wokudambisa izinzwa zakho.

Itafula lingaba nzima noma libande, kepha ungacela ingubo noma umcamelo. Umshini wenza umsindo omkhulu wokuduma nokuhayiza lapho uvuliwe. Cishe uzonikezwa ama-plugs endlebe ukusiza ukunciphisa umsindo.

I-intercom egumbini ikuvumela ukuba ukhulume nomuntu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Amanye ama-MRIs anamathelevishini namahedfoni akhethekile okusiza ukuhamba kwesikhathi.

Asikho isikhathi sokululama, ngaphandle kokuthi unikwe umuthi wokuphumula. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwe-MRI, ungabuyela ekudleni kwakho okuvamile, emsebenzini, nasemithini ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho akutshele ngenye indlela.

I-MRI inikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yesifuba. Ibuye inikeze izithombe ezicacile zezingxenye zesifuba okunzima ukuzibona kahle kwi-ultrasound noma i-mammogram.

Isifuba se-MRI singenziwa naku:

• Bheka umdlavuza owengeziwe ebeleni elifanayo noma kwelinye ibele ngemuva kokutholakala komdlavuza webele
• Hlukanisa phakathi kwezicubu ezibomvu kanye nezicubu esifubeni
• Linganisa umphumela ongajwayelekile ku-mammogram noma kwi-ultrasound yebele
• Hlola ukuphuka okungenzeka kokufakelwa kwamabele
• Thola noma yimuphi umdlavuza osele ngemuva kokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Khombisa ukugeleza kwegazi endaweni yebele
• Qondisa i-biopsy

I-MRI yesifuba nayo ingenziwa ngemuva kwe-mammogram ukuhlola umdlavuza webele kwabesifazane:

• Basengozini enkulu kakhulu yomdlavuza webele (labo abanomlando oqinile womndeni noma izimpawu zofuzo zomdlavuza webele)
• Yiba nezicubu zamabele eziminyene kakhulu

Ngaphambi kokuba ube ne-MRI yebele, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nobuhle nobubi bokwenza isivivinyo. Buza mayelana:

• Ingozi yakho yomdlavuza webele
• Ukuthi ukuhlolwa kunciphisa amathuba akho okubulawa ngumdlavuza webele
• Noma ngabe kukhona yini ukulimala ekuhlolweni komdlavuza webele, njengemiphumela emibi evela ekuhlolweni noma ekwelashweni komdlavuza lapho kutholakala

Imiphumela engajwayelekile ingabangelwa:

• Umdlavuza webele
• Ama-cysts
• Izimila zesifuba ezivuzayo noma eziphukile
• Izicubu zebele ezingajwayelekile ezingewona umdlavuza
• Izicubu ezibomvu

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho uma unemibuzo nokukhathazeka.

I-MRI ayiqukethe imisebe. Ayikho imiphumela emibi ebangelwe amandla kazibuthe namagagasi omsakazo abikiwe.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuqhathanisa (udayi) olusetshenzisiwe yi-gadolinium. Kuphephe kakhulu. Ukusabela okweqile kulo dayi akuvamile. Kodwa-ke, i-gadolinium ingaba yingozi kubantu abanezinkinga zezinso abadinga i-dialysis. Uma unezinkinga zezinso, tshela umhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Amandla amakhulu kazibuthe adalwe ngesikhathi seMRI angenza izinhliziyo zisebenze futhi ezinye izinto zokufakelwa zingasebenzi futhi. Kungadala nokuthi ucezu lwensimbi ngaphakathi komzimba wakho luhambe noma lushintshe.

I-Breast MRI ibucayi kakhulu kune-mammogram, ikakhulukazi uma yenziwa kusetshenziswa udayi wokuqhathanisa. Kodwa-ke, i-MRI yebele ingahle ingakwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlukanisa umdlavuza webele ekukhuleni kwebele okunganomdlavuza. Lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni yokuthola okungelona iqiniso.

I-MRI nayo ayikwazi ukucosha izingcezu ezincane ze-calcium (microcalcifications), engatholwa yi-mammogram. Izinhlobo ezithile zokubala kungaba inkomba yomdlavuza webele.

Kudingeka i-biopsy ukuqinisekisa imiphumela ye-MRI yebele.

I-MRI - isifuba; Ukucabanga ngemagnificent resonance - isifuba; Umdlavuza webele - i-MRI; Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele - i-MRI

Iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Cancer Society. Izincomo zeAmerican Cancer Society zokutholakala komdlavuza webele kusenesikhathi. www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html. Kubuyekezwe u-Okthoba 3, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 23, 2020.

Iwebhusayithi yaseAmerican College of Radiology. Ipharamitha yokuzijwayeza ye-ACR yokusebenza kwe-imaging resonance imaging-enhanced magnetic resonance (MRI) yebele. www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Practice-Parameters/mr-contrast-breast.pdf. Kubuyekezwe i-2018. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanawari 24, 2020.

I-American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) iwebhusayithi. I-ACOG Practice Bulletin: Ukuhlolwa Kobungozi Bomdlavuza Webele Nokuhlolwa Kwabesifazane Ababungozi Bengozi. www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Practice-Bulletins/Committee-on-Practice-Bulletins-Gynecology/Breast-Cancer-Risk-Assessment-and-Screening-in-Average-Risk-Women. Cha. 179, Julayi 2017 Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 23, 2020.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele (PDQ) - inguqulo yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/breast-screening-pdq. Kubuyekezwe uDisemba 18, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 20, 2020. Siu AL; I-US Preventive Services Task Force. Ukuhlolwa umdlavuza webele: Isitatimende sezincomo se-US Preventive Services Task Force. U-Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164 (4): 279-296. I-PMID: 26757170 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26757170.