Ama-sweeteners - esikhundleni sikashukela

Okufakwa esikhundleni sikashukela yizinto ezisetshenziswa esikhundleni soswidi (i-sucrose) noma i-sugar alcohol. Zingabizwa nangokuthi okokunandisa okufakelwayo, okokunandisa okungenamsoco (i-NNS), kanye nama-sweeteners angekho emthethweni.

Okufakwa esikhundleni sikashukela kungasiza abantu abazama ukunciphisa umzimba. Banikela ngobumnandi ekudleni naseziphuzweni ngaphandle kokungeza amakhalori amaningi. Eziningi zalezi ziqukethe cishe awekho amakhalori.

Ukusebenzisa izakhi zikashukela esikhundleni sikashukela kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukubola kwamazinyo. Futhi zingasiza ngokulawulwa kukashukela wegazi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.

Abangafaka ushukela bangafakwa kokudla lapho udla. Iningi lingasetshenziswa futhi ngesikhathi sokupheka nokubhaka. Imikhiqizo yokudla eminingi "engenashukela" noma enama-khalori aphansi oyithenga esitolo yenziwa kusetshenziswa izinto ezithatha ushukela.

Okusetshenziswa esikhundleni sikashukela okuvame kakhulu kufaka phakathi:

I-Aspartame (Equal neNutraSweet)

• I-sweetener enomsoco - inama-calories, kodwa amnandi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuncane okudingekayo.
• Inhlanganisela yama-amino acid amabili - i-phenylalanine ne-aspartic acid.
• Imnandi izikhathi ezingama-200 kune-sucrose.
• Ilahlekelwa ubumnandi bayo lapho ivezwa ekushiseni. Isetshenziswa kahle eziphuzweni kunokubhaka.
• Ufunde kahle, futhi akakhombisanga imiphumela emibi kakhulu.
• Kuvunyelwe i-FDA. (I-FDA idinga ukuthi ukudla okuqukethe i-aspartame kufanele kube nesitatimende semininingwane yabantu abane-PKU (phenylketonuria, isifo esingajwayelekile sezakhi zofuzo) esibaxwayisa ngokuba khona kwe-phenylalanine.)

I-Sucralose (Splenda)

• Isiphungumnandi esingondleki - cha noma amakhalori aphansi kakhulu
• Imnandi izikhathi ezingama-600 kune-sucrose
• Isetshenziswa ekudleni naseziphuzweni eziningi, ushingamu, uphudingi wobisi ofriziwe, izimpahla ezibhakiwe, ne-gelatin
• Kungangezwa ekudleni etafuleni noma okusetshenzisiwe kuzimpahla ezibhakiwe
• Kuvunyelwe i-FDA

Saccharin (Sweet 'N Low, Twin Emnandi, NectaSweet)

• Isiphungumangathi esingondli
• Ama-200 kuya kuma-700 amnandi kune-sucrose
• Kusetshenziswa ekudleni naseziphuzweni eziningi zokudla
• Kungaba ne-aftertaste ebabayo noma yensimbi kwezinye iziphuzo
• Ayisetshenziswa ekuphekeni nasekubhakeni
• Kuvunyelwe i-FDA

I-Stevia (Truvia, Pure Via, Sun Crystals)

• Isiphungumangathi esingondli.
• Yenziwe ngesitshalo UStevia rebaudiana, etshalwa ngenxa yamaqabunga ayo amnandi.
• Ukukhishwa kweRebaudiana kuvunyelwe njengesengezo sokudla. Kubhekwa njengesengezo sokudla.
• Ngokuvamile kwaziwa njengokuphephile (i-GRAS) yi-FDA.

I-Acesulfame K (i-Sunett ne-Sweet One)

• Isiphungumangathi esingondli
• Imnandi ngokuphindwe ka-200 kunoshukela
• Ukushisa okuzinzile, kungasetshenziswa ekuphekeni nasekubhakeni
• Kungangezwa ekudleni etafuleni
• Isetshenziswa kanye namanye ama-sweeteners, afana ne-saccharin, kuziphuzo ezinekhalori eliphansi kanye neminye imikhiqizo
• Okufana kakhulu noshukela wetafula ekunambithekeni nasekuthungeni
• Kuvunyelwe i-FDA

I-Neotame (i-Newtame)

• Isiphungumangathi esingondli
• Ama-7,000 kuya ku-13,000 amnandi ukwedlula ushukela
• Kusetshenziswa ekudleni naseziphuzweni eziningi zokudla
• Ingasetshenziselwa ukubhaka
• Isetshenziswa njenge-sweetener yetafula
• Kuvunyelwe i-FDA

Izithelo ZamaMonk (IsiLuo Han Guo)

• Isiphungumangathi esingondli
• Isitshalo esakhiwe ngesitshalo sezithelo ze-monk, ikhabe eliluhlaza eliyindilinga elikhula eningizimu yeChina
• Imnandi izikhathi eziyi-100 kuya kwezingama-250 kune-sucrose
• Ukushisa okuzinzile futhi kungasetshenziswa ekuphekeni nasekuphekeni futhi kugxilwe kakhulu kunoshukela (¼ ithisipuni noma u-0.5 amagremu ulingana nobumnandi bethisipuni elilodwa noma ushukela ongu-2,5 g)
• Ngokuvamile kwaziwa njengokuphephile (i-GRAS) yi-FDA

I-Advantame

• Isiphungumangathi esingondli
• Ama-20, 000 amnandi kakhulu kunoshukela
• Isetshenziswa njenge-sweetener ejwayelekile futhi izinzile ngokushisa, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa ekubhakeni
• Akuvamile ukusetshenziswa
• Kuvunyelwe i-FDA

Abantu bavame ukuba nemibuzo mayelana nokuphepha kanye nemiphumela yezempilo yalabo ababambele ushukela. Ucwaningo oluningi lwenziwe kwabashintshi bakashukela abavunyiwe yi-FDA, futhi bakhonjisiwe ukuthi baphephile. Ngokuya ngalezi zifundo, i-FDA ithi ziphephile ukuthi zisetshenziselwe umphakathi jikelele.

I-Aspartame ayinconyelwe abantu abane-PKU. Umzimba wabo awukwazi ukudiliza enye yama-amino acid asetshenziselwa ukwenza i-aspartame.

Kunobufakazi obuncane bokuxhasa ukusetshenziswa noma ukugwenywa kokufakwa esikhundleni sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ama-sweeteners agunyazwe yi-FDA alungele ukusetshenziswa ngokulinganisela. Kodwa-ke, i-American Medical Association isikisela ukugwema i-saccharin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngenxa yokuvunyelwa kombungu okuhamba kancane.

I-FDA ilawula konke okufakwa esikhundleni sikashukela okuthengiswa noma okusetshenziselwa ukudla okulungiselelwe e-United States. I-FDA isethe ukudla okwamukelekayo kwansuku zonke (ADI). Leli inani umuntu angalidla ngokuphepha usuku ngalunye esikhathini sokuphila. Iningi labantu lidla kancane kakhulu kune-ADI.

Ngo-2012, i-American Heart Association kanye ne-American Diabetes Association bashicilela umbiko owaphetha ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwezakhi zikashukela kungasiza ekunciphiseni i-caloric ne-carbohydrate. Kusadingeka olunye ucwaningo. Abukho futhi ubufakazi obanele ngalesi sikhathi ukunquma ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kweshukela esikhundleni kuholela ekwehliseni isisindo noma engcupheni yesifo senhliziyo esiphansi.

Ama-sweeteners aphezulu kakhulu; Izithasiselo ezingezona zomsoco - (NNS); Iziphuzo ezinomsoco; Izinto ezinoshukela ezingekho emthethweni; Ezinye izindlela zikashukela

U-Aronson JK. Okokunandisa okokuzenzela. Ku: Aronson JK, ed. Imiphumela emibi kaMeyler yezidakamizwa. Umhla ka-16. I-Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016: 713-716.

UGardner C, uWylie-Rosett J, uGidding SS, et al; IKomidi Lezempilo LaseMelika le-American Heart Association loMkhandlu Wezomsoco, Umsebenzi Womzimba kanye neMetabolism, uMkhandlu We-Arteriosclerosis, iTrombosis neVascular Biology, uMkhandlu Wezifo Zenhliziyo Kwabancane, kanye neAmerican Diabetes Association. Ama-sweeteners angondleki: ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kanye nemibono yezempilo: isitatimende sesayensi esivela ku-American Heart Association kanye ne-American Diabetes Association. Ukujikeleza. 2012; 126 (4): 509-519. I-PMID: 22777177 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22777177/.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Okokunandisa okufakelwayo nomdlavuza. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/artificial-sweeteners-fact-sheet. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 10, 2016. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 11, 2019.

UMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu baseMelika kanye newebhusayithi yoMnyango Wezolimo wase-US. Imihlahlandlela Yezokudla ka-2015-2020 yabantu baseMelika. I-8th Edition. health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/2015-2020_Dietary_Guidelines.pdf. Kubuyekezwe uDisemba 2015. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 11, 2019.

Iwebhusayithi ye-US Food and Drug Administration. Ama-sweeteners aphezulu kakhulu. www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/high-intensity-sweeteners. Kubuyekezwe uDisemba 19, 2017. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 11, 2019.

Iwebhusayithi ye-US Food and Drug Administration. Imininingwane eyengeziwe ngamaswidi anamandla amakhulu avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ekudleni e-United States. www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/additional-information-about-high-intensity-sweeteners-permited-use-food-united-states. Kubuyekezwe uFebhuwari 8, 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 11, 2019.