Umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis A - okudingeka ukwazi

Konke okuqukethwe ngezansi kuthathwe ngokuphelele kwi-CDC Hepatitis A Statement Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hep-a.html.

1. Kungani ugonywa?

Umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis A. kungavimbela i-hepatitis A.

I-hepatitis A yisifo esibucayi sesibindi. Imvamisa isakazwa ngokuxhumana okusondelene nomuntu onaleli gciwane noma lapho umuntu efaka leli gciwane ngokungazi ezintweni, ekudleni, noma eziphuzweni ezingcoliswe indle encane yomuntu onaleli gciwane.

Iningi labantu abadala abane-hepatitis A banezimpawu, kufaka phakathi ukukhathala, isifiso esiphansi, ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ne-jaundice (isikhumba esiphuzi noma amehlo, umchamo omnyama, ukunyakaza kwamathumbu okukhanya). Iningi lezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-6 ubudala azinazo izimpawu.

Umuntu otheleleke ngesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A angadlulisela lesi sifo kwabanye abantu ngisho noma engenazo izimpawu zesifo.

Iningi labantu abathola i-hepatitis A lizizwa ligula amasonto ambalwa, kepha livame ukululama ngokuphelele futhi alinawo umonakalo wesibindi ohlala njalo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-hepatitis A ingadala ukwehluleka kwesibindi nokufa; lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala kunama-50 nakubantu abanezinye izifo zesibindi.

Umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis A wenze lesi sifo singajwayelekile kakhulu e-United States. Kodwa-ke, ukuqubuka kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A phakathi kwabantu abangakagonywa kusenzeka.

2. Umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis A

Izingane udinga imithamo emibili yokugoma i-hepatitis A:

• Umthamo wokuqala: izinyanga ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-23 ubudala
• Umthamo wesibili: okungenani izinyanga eziyi-6 ngemuva komthamo wokuqala

Izingane ezindala nentsha Abaneminyaka emibili kuya kwengu-18 ababengagonywanga phambilini kufanele bagonywe.

Abantu abadala ababengagonywanga phambilini futhi abafuna ukuvikelwa ku-hepatitis A bangathola futhi umuthi wokugoma.

Kunconywa umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis A kubantu abalandelayo:

• Zonke izingane ezineminyaka engu-12-23 izinyanga
• Izingane ezingagonyiwe kanye nentsha eneminyaka eyi-2-18
• Abahambi bamazwe omhlaba
• Abesilisa abalala nabesilisa
• Abantu abasebenzisa umjovo noma izidakamizwa ezingewona umjovo
• Abantu abanobungozi bokutheleleka emsebenzini
• Abantu abalindele ukuxhumana okuseduze nomuntu owamukelayo emhlabeni jikelele
• Abantu ababhekene nokungabi namakhaya
• Abantu abane-HIV
• Abantu abanezifo ezingapheli zesibindi
• Noma yimuphi umuntu ofisa ukuthola amasosha omzimba (ukuvikelwa)

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu ongakaze awuthole umuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis A futhi oxhumana ngqo nomuntu one-hepatitis A kufanele athole umuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis A kungakapheli amasonto amabili ngemuva kokuvezwa.

Umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis A unganikezwa ngasikhathi sinye neminye imigomo.

3. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo

Tshela umhlinzeki wakho wokugoma uma umuntu ethola umuthi wokugoma:

• Uye waba nokungezwani komzimba ngemuva komthamo wangaphambilini wokugomela i-hepatitis A, noma uneminye yemizimba emibi, esongela impilo.

Kwezinye izimo, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo anganquma ukuhlehlisa ukugonywa kwe-hepatitis A ekuvakasheni okuzayo.

Abantu abanezifo ezincane, njengomkhuhlane, bangagonywa. Abantu abagula ngokulingene noma kakhulu kufanele bavame ukulinda baze balulame ngaphambi kokuthola umuthi wokugoma i-hepatitis A.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angakunika eminye imininingwane.

4. Izingozi zokuphendula komuthi wokugoma

• Ukudinwa noma ububomvu lapho kunikezwa khona isibhamu, umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala noma ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla kungenzeka ngemuva kokugomela i-hepatitis A.

Abantu kwesinye isikhathi baquleka ngemuva kwezinqubo zokwelashwa, kufaka phakathi ukugoma. Tshela umhlinzeki wakho uma uzizwa unesiyezi noma unezinguquko zombono noma kukhala ezindlebeni.

Njenganoma imuphi umuthi, kunethuba elikude kakhulu lomuthi wokugoma obangela ukusabela okweqile, okunye ukulimala okubi, noma ukufa.

5. Kuthiwani uma kunenkinga enkulu?

Ukungezwani komzimba kungenzeka ngemuva kokuthi umuntu ogonyiwe ashiye umtholampilo. Uma ubona izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba (isifuba, ukuvuvukala kobuso nomphimbo, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, isiyezi, noma ubuthakathaka), shayela u-9-1-1 bese umyisa esibhedlela esiseduze.

Ngezinye izimpawu ezikukhathazayo, shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ukusabela okungekuhle kufanele kubikwe ku-Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uvame ukufaka lo mbiko, noma ungazenzela ngokwakho. Vakashela iwebhusayithi ye-VAERS ku-vaers.hhs.gov noma ushayele ucingo 1-800-822-7967. I-VAERS ingeyokubika kuphela ukusabela, futhi abasebenzi be-VAERS abanikeli izeluleko ngezokwelapha.

6. Uhlelo Lukazwelonke Lwemali Yokugomela Umjovo Wokugomela Umuthi

Uhlelo lweNational Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) luhlelo oludalelwe ukunxephezela abantu okungenzeka balinyazwe yimithi ethile yokugoma. Vakashela iwebhusayithi ye-VICP ku www.hrsa.gov/vaccine-compensation noma ushayele ucingo 1-800-338-2382 ukufunda ngalolu hlelo nangokufaka isicelo sesimangalo. Kunomkhawulo wesikhathi sokufaka isicelo sesinxephezelo.

7. Ngingafunda kanjani okwengeziwe?

• Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
• Shayela umnyango wezempilo wangakini noma wesifundazwe.

Xhumana Nezikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo (CDC):

• Shayela 1-800-232-4636 (1-800-CDC-INFO) noma
• Vakashela iwebhusayithi ye-CDC ku-www.cdc.gov/vaccines

• Imigomo

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Izitatimende Zemininingwane Yokugoma (ama-VIS): Umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis A: Okudingayo ukwazi. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/hep-a.html. Kubuyekezwe uJulayi 28, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoJulayi 29, 2020.