I-anemia ebangelwa izinsimbi nezinsana eziphansi

I-anemia iyinkinga lapho umzimba ungenawo amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anele anele. Amaseli abomvu egazi aletha umoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba.

I-ayoni isiza ekwenzeni amaseli abomvu egazi, ngakho-ke ukungabikho kwensimbi emzimbeni kungaholela ekushoneni kwegazi. Igama lezokwelapha lale nkinga i-anemia yokushoda kwe-iron.

I-anemia ebangelwa ileveli yensimbi ephansi iyona ndlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokushoda kwegazi. Umzimba uthola insimbi ngokudla okuthile. Iphinde isebenzise insimbi ephuma kumaseli abomvu egazi amadala.

Ukudla okungenayo i-ayoni eyanele kuyimbangela evame kakhulu. Ngezikhathi zokukhula okusheshayo, kudingeka i-iron eyengeziwe.

Izingane zizalwa zinezinsimbi ezigcinwe emizimbeni yazo. Ngoba zikhula ngokushesha, izinsana nojahidada badinga ukuthola insimbi eningi usuku ngalunye. Ukushoda kwe-iron anemia kuvame ukuthinta izingane ezinezinyanga eziyi-9 kuye kwezingama-24 ubudala.

Izingane ezinceliswe ibele zidinga i-ayoni encane ngoba i-iron imuncwa kangcono uma isobisini lwebele. Ifomula enziwe nge-iron (i-iron fortified) nayo ihlinzeka nge-iron eyanele.

Izinsana ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 eziphuza ubisi lwenkomo esikhundleni sobisi lwebele noma ifomula eqiniswe ngensimbi maningi amathuba okuthi zibe ne-anemia. Ubisi lwenkomo luholela ekushoneni kwegazi ngoba:

• Inensimbi encane
• Kubangela ukulahleka kwegazi okuncane okuvela emathunjini
• Kwenza kube nzima ukuthi umzimba uthathe insimbi

Izingane ezingaphezulu kwezinyanga eziyi-12 eziphuza ubisi lwezinkomo oluningi kakhulu zingaba ne-anemia uma zingadli ukudla okwanele okunempilo okune-ayoni.

I-anemia emincane kungenzeka ingabi nazimpawu. Njengoba izinga lensimbi nokubala kwegazi kwehla, usana lwakho noma ingane encane ingase:

• Yenza okuthukuthele
• Shesha uphefumule
• Langazelela ukudla okungajwayelekile (okubizwa nge-pica)
• Yidla ukudla okuncane
• Zizwe ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka ngaso sonke isikhathi
• Yiba nolimi olubuhlungu
• Unekhanda noma isiyezi

Nge-anemia enamandla kakhulu, ingane yakho ingaba nayo:

• Amehlo amhlophe anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okhanyayo
• Izipikili eziphukile
• Umbala wesikhumba okhanyayo

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Zonke izingane kufanele zihlolwe igazi ukubheka ukuthi ayinayo yini i-anemia. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulinganisa izinga lensimbi emzimbeni kufaka:

• I-Hematocrit
• I-serum ferritin
• Insimbi yeSerum
• Ingqikithi yomthamo wokubopha insimbi (TIBC)

Isilinganiso esibizwa nge-iron saturation (serum iron / TIBC) imvamisa singakhombisa ukuthi ngabe ingane inensimbi eyanele yini emzimbeni.

Njengoba izingane zimunca kuphela insimbi encane eziyidlayo, izingane eziningi zidinga ukuba ne-8 kuya ku-10 mg yensimbi ngosuku.

UKUDLA NENSIMBI

Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila:

• Unganiki ingane yakho ubisi lwenkomo kuze kube unyaka owodwa. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-1 zinenkinga enzima yokugaya ubisi lwenkomo. Sebenzisa ubisi lwebele noma ifomula eqiniswe ngensimbi.
• Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ingane yakho izoqala ukudinga insimbi eyengeziwe ekudleni kwayo. Qala ukudla okuqinile nge-cereal yengane ene-ayoni ene-iron exutshwe nobisi lwebele noma ifomula.
• Izinyama, izithelo, nemifino ecebile nge-Iron nayo ingaqalwa.

Ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engu-1, unganikeza ingane yakho ubisi lonke esikhundleni sobisi lwebele noma ifomula.

Ukudla ukudla okunempilo kuyindlela ebaluleke kunazo zonke yokuvikela nokwelapha ukushoda kwensimbi. Imithombo emihle yensimbi ifaka phakathi:

• Amabhilikosi
• Inkukhu, ikalikuni, inhlanzi nokunye ukudla
• Ubhontshisi obomile, udali, nobhontshisi
• Amaqanda
• Isibindi
• Ama-Molasses
• I-oatmeal
• Ibhitela lamantongomane
• Prune ijusi
• Omisiwe nama-prune
• Isipinashi, i-kale neminye imifino

UKWESEKELWA KWENSIMBI

Uma ukudla okunempilo kungavimbeli noma kuphathe izinga eliphansi le-iron nengane yengane yakho, umhlinzeki cishe uzoncoma izengezo zensimbi yengane yakho. Lezi zithathwa ngomlomo.

Unganiki ingane yakho izithasiselo zensimbi noma amavithamini ngensimbi ngaphandle kokuhlola umhlinzeki wengane yakho. Umhlinzeki uzonikeza uhlobo olufanele lokulekelela enganeni yakho. Uma ingane yakho ithatha insimbi eningi kakhulu, ingadala ubuthi.

Ngokwelashwa, umphumela kungenzeka ube muhle. Ezimweni eziningi, ukubalwa kwegazi kuzobuyela kokujwayelekile ezinyangeni ezimbili. Kubalulekile ukuthi umhlinzeki athole imbangela yokushoda kwensimbi kwengane yakho.

Izinga eliphansi lensimbi lingadala ukwehla kwesikhathi sokunaka, ukunciphisa ukuqapha nezinkinga zokufunda ezinganeni.

Izinga lensimbi eliphansi lingadala ukuthi umzimba umunce umthofu omningi kakhulu.

Ukudla ukudla okunempilo kuyindlela ebaluleke kunazo zonke yokuvikela nokwelapha ukushoda kwensimbi.

Ukushoda kwegazi - insimbi - izinsana nojahidada

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IBrandow AM. I-Pallor ne-anemia. Ku: Kliegman RM, Lye PS, Bordini BJ, Toth H, Basel D, eds. Ukuxilongwa Okusekelwe kuNelson Pediatric Syndrome-based. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 37.

URothman JA. Ukushoda kwe-iron anemia. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 482.