I-coronavirus

AmaCoronaviruses awumndeni wamagciwane. Ukutheleleka ngala magciwane kungadala izifo zokuphefumula eziphakathi nendawo kuya kokulingene, njengomkhuhlane ovamile. Amanye ama-coronaviruses abangela ukugula okunzima okungaholela enyumoniya, ngisho nasekufeni.

Kunama-coronavirus amaningi ahlukahlukene. Zithinta kokubili abantu nezilwane. Ama-coronaviruses womuntu ajwayelekile abangela ukugula okuncane kuya kokulingene, njengomkhuhlane ovamile.

Amanye ama-coronaviruses ezilwane aguqukela (aguquke) bese edluliselwa esuka ezilwaneni aya kubantu. Bangase basakaze ngokuxhumana komuntu nomuntu. Ama-coronaviruses asakazeka esuka ezilwaneni eya kubantu kwesinye isikhathi angadala ukugula okunzima kakhulu:

• Isifo sokuphefumula esibucayi (i-SARS) siyindlela ebucayi ye-pneumonia. Kubangelwa yi-SARS-CoV coronavirus. Awekho amacala kubantu abikiwe kusukela ngo-2004.
• I-Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (i-MERS) isifo esinzima sokuphefumula. I-MERS ibangelwa yi-MERS-CoV coronavirus. Cishe ama-30% abantu abathola lesi sifo sebeshonile. Abanye abantu banezimpawu ezincane kuphela. I-MERS iyaqhubeka ibangela ukugula kubantu, ikakhulukazi e-Peninsula yase-Arabia.
• I-COVID-19 - Imininingwane ephathelene ne-COVID-19 iyatholakala ku-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
• I-COVID-19 yisifo sokuphefumula esidala umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela nokuphefumula okuncane. Ibangelwa igciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 (i-acute acute yokuphefumula syndrome coronavirus 2). I-COVID-19 ingadala ukugula okuncane kuze kube kubi ngisho nokufa. I-COVID-19 iyingozi enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele nase-United States.

Ama-coronaviruses amaningi avela kumalulwane, angatheleleka kwezinye izilwane. I-SARS-CoV isakazeka isuka emakati e-civet, kuyilapho i-MERS-CoV isakazeka isuka emakameleni. I-SARS-CoV-2 yakamuva nayo kusolwa ukuthi ivela ezilwaneni. Kusuka emndenini owodwa wamagciwane njenge-SARS-CoV, yingakho enamagama afanayo. Kunamanye ama-coronaviruses amaningi ajikeleza ezilwaneni, kodwa awakasakazeli kubantu.

Lapho umuntu esetheleleke nge-coronavirus, ukutheleleka kungadlulela kumuntu ophilile (ukudluliselwa komuntu nomuntu). Ungabamba ukutheleleka kwe-coronavirus lapho:

• Umuntu onegciwane uthimula, akhwehlele, noma ashaye amakhala eduze kwakho bese ededela igciwane emoyeni (droplet infection)
• Uthinta impumulo, amehlo, noma umlomo ngemuva kokuthinta okuthile okungcoliswe yigciwane, njengethoyizi noma induku yomnyango
• Uthinta, ugone, uxhawule noma uqabule umuntu onegciwane
• Udla noma uphuze ezitsheni ezifanayo lowo muntu onegciwane azisebenzisayo

Ama-coronaviruses womuntu adala ukubanda okuvamile kusuka kubantu kuya kumuntu. Izimpawu zikhula ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-14. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Iphunga eligijimayo
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ukuthimula
• Ukuminyana emakhaleni
• Imfiva ebandayo
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba
• Khwehlela

Ukuvezwa kwe-MERS-CoV, i-SARS-CoV, ne-SARS-CoV-2 kungadala izimpawu ezinzima. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Uhudo
• Igazi ngokukhwehlela
• Ukufa

Ukutheleleka okukhulu kwe-coronavirus kungadala:

• Ukuqoqa
• Inyumoniya
• I-bronchiolitis
• I-bronchitis

Izimpawu zingase zibe nzima kubantu abathile:

• Izingane
• Abantu abadala asebekhulile
• Abantu abanezimo ezingapheli ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, isifo sezinso esingapheliyo, izifo zenhliziyo
• Abantu abanezifo zokuphefumula njenge-asthma noma i-COPD

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angathatha isampula yalokhu okulandelayo ukuze kuhlolwe elebhu:

• Isiko lesikhohlela
• I-Nasal swab (evela emakhaleni)
• I-swab yomqala
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Amasampula esitokisi kanye nomchamo nawo angathathwa kwezinye izimo.

Ungadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe uma ukutheleleka kwakho kungenxa yefomu elibi le-coronavirus. Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali egazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba noma isifuba se-CT scan
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kwe-coronavirus

Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga kungahle kungatholakali kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-coronavirus.

Kuze kube manje alukho unyango oluthile lokutheleleka nge-coronavirus. Imithi inikezwa kuphela ukudambisa izimpawu zakho. Imithi yokwelapha kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima.

Ukutheleleka okuncane kwe-coronavirus, njengomkhuhlane ovamile, kuzophela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngokuphumula nokuzinakekela ekhaya.

Uma usolwa ukuthi unesifo esibi se-coronavirus, unga:

• Kufanele ugqoke imaski yokuhlinzwa
• Hlala egumbini elingalodwa noma e-ICU ukuze welashwe

Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezinzima kungabandakanya:

• Ama-antibiotic, uma futhi une-pneumonia yebhaktheriya
• Imithi elwa namagciwane
• Ukuphuza ama-steroid
• Oxygen, ukuphefumula ukwesekwa (mechanical ventilation), noma ukwelashwa kwesifuba

Umkhuhlane ovamile ngenxa ye-coronavirus uvame ukuzixazulula wedwa. Ukutheleleka okunamandla kwe-coronavirus kungadinga ukwesekelwa esibhedlela nokusekelwa kokuphefumula. Imvamisa, izifo ezithile ezinzima ze-coronavirus zingaholela ekufeni, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala, ezinganeni, noma kubantu abanezimo ezingalapheki.

Ukutheleleka nge-Coronavirus kungaholela ku-bronchitis noma i-pneumonia. Ezinye izinhlobo ezinzima zingadala ukwehluleka kwesitho, ngisho nokufa.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho uma une:

• Xhumana nomuntu onesifo esinamandla se-coronavirus
• Uhanjiswe endaweni enesifo se-coronavirus futhi wahlakulela izimpawu ezibandayo, ukuphefumula, isicanucanu noma isifo sohudo

Landela lezi zinyathelo ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka:

• Gwema ukuxhumana nabantu abanesifo se-coronavirus.
• Gwema ukuya ezindaweni ezinokuqubuka kokutheleleka kwe-coronavirus.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle noma uzihlanze nge-sanitizer yezandla enotshwala.
• Vala umlomo wakho namakhala ngesicubu noma umkhono (hhayi izandla zakho) lapho uthimula noma ukhwehlela, bese ulahla izicubu.
• Ungabelani ngokudla, uphuze, noma izitsha.
• Hlanza izindawo ezivame ukuthintwa ngesibulali-magciwane.

Kunemithi yokugoma engasiza ukuvimbela i-COVID-19. Xhumana nomnyango wezempilo wangakini ukuze uthole mayelana nokutholakala endaweni yangakini. Imininingwane emayelana nemithi yokugoma i-COVID-19 iyatholakala ku-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html.

Uma usohambweni, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana:

• Ukuba usesikhathini nemithi yokugoma
• Ukuphatha imithi

ICoronavirus - SARS; ICoronavirus - 2019-nCoV; I-coronavirus (COVID-19; Coronavirus - isifo esibucayi sokuphefumula; Coronavirus - isifo sokuphefumula eseMpumalanga Ephakathi; ICoronavirus - MERS

• I-coronavirus
• Inyumoniya
• Izimpawu ezibandayo
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula
• Umgudu wokuphefumula ongaphezulu
• Indlela yokuphefumula engezansi

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. I-coronavirus (COVID-19). www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 16, 2020.

UGerber SI, uWatson JT. Ama-coronavirus. Ku: IGoldman L, i-Schafer AI eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 342.

I-Perlman S, McIntosh K. Coronaviruses, kufaka phakathi i-acute acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) ne-Middle East syndrome yokuphefumula (MERS). Ku: Benett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 155.

Iwebhusayithi yeWorld Health Organisation. I-coronavirus. www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 16, 2020.