Izifundo ezi-5 mayelana nokudla kwaseMedithera - Kuyasebenza?

-Delile

• Izifundo
• 1. Isifundo Esilindelwe
• Ingozi yokufa
• Ingozi yokufa ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo
• Ukwehla kwesisindo
• I-Metabolic syndrome nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela
• Inani labantu abaphume ezifundweni
• Okubalulekile

Isifo senhliziyo siyinkinga enkulu emhlabeni jikelele.

Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi izehlakalo zesifo senhliziyo zibukeka ziphansi kubantu abahlala e-Italy, eGrisi nakwamanye amazwe azungeze iMedithera, uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abahlala e-United States. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukudla kungadlala indima.

Abantu abaseduze kweMedithera ngokwesiko balandele indlela yokudla enothe ngokudla okutshalwe ezitshalweni, kufaka phakathi izithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, izinkwa, okusanhlamvu, amazambane, amantongomane nembewu.

Amafutha amakhulu okudla ngamafutha omnqumo e-virgin angeziwe, futhi abantu futhi badla inani elilinganisiwe lewayini elibomvu, inhlanzi, izinkukhu, ubisi, namaqanda. Khonamanjalo, inyama ebomvu idlala ingxenye encane kuphela.

Le ndlela yokudla isiqalile ukuthandwa umhlaba wonke njengendlela yokuthuthukisa impilo nokuvikela izifo.

Izilingo eziningi ezilawulwa ngokungahleliwe, okuyizindlela ezinokwethenjelwa nezisebenzayo zocwaningo, zibheke izinzuzo ezingaba khona kulokhu kudla.

Lo mbhalo ubheka izivivinyo ezi-5 ezilawulwa isikhathi eside ekudleni kwaseMedithera. Bonke bavela kumajenali ahlonishwayo, abuyekezwa ngontanga.

Izifundo

Iningi labantu abajoyine lezi zifundo babenezinkinga zempilo, kufaka phakathi isifo sikashukela, isifo se-metabolic, noma ingozi enkulu yesifo senhliziyo.

Iningi lezifundo libheke omaka abavamile bezempilo, njengesisindo, izici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo, kanye nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela. Ezinye izifundo ezinkulu futhi zabheka amazinga okuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokufa.

1. Isifundo Esilindelwe

Lolu cwaningo olukhulu lubandakanye abantu abayi-7 447 abasengozini enkulu yesifo senhliziyo.

Cishe iminyaka eyi-5, ababambiqhaza balandela okunye kokudla okuhlukene okuthathu:

• Ukudla kwaseMedithera okunamafutha omnqumo angeziwe (i-Med + Olive Oil)
• ukudla kwaseMedithera ngamantongomane angeziwe (amaMed + Nuts)
• iqembu eliphansi lokulawula ukudla

Akukho okunye kokudla okubandakanya ukunciphisa amakhalori noma ukwandisa umsebenzi womzimba.

Abaphenyi abaningi basebenzise idatha eqoqwe ngesikhathi se-PREDIMED ukuphenya umphumela wayo. Izifundo zabheka umphumela wokudla ezicini ezahlukahlukene zobungozi nezindawo zokugcina.

Nawa amaphepha ayi-6 (1.1 kuya ku-1.6) ocwaningweni OLULINDELELWE.

1.1 I-Estruch R, et al. Ukuvimbela Okuyinhloko Kwezifo Zenhliziyo Ne-Diet Mediterranean Kwengezwe nge-Extra Virgin Olive Oil noma Amantongomane. INew England Journal of Medicine, 2018.

Imininingwane. Kulolu cwaningo, abantu abangu-7 447 abanobungozi obukhulu besifo senhliziyo balandela noma yikuphi ukudla kwaseMedithera ngamafutha omnqumo angeziwe, ukudla kwaseMedithera ngamantongomane angeziwe, noma iqembu elilawula amafutha amancane. Ucwaningo luthathe iminyaka engu-4.8.

Ukugxila okuyinhloko kwakuwumphumela ongaba khona wokudla ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, nasekufeni okuvela kwizimbangela zenhliziyo.

Imiphumela. Ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuhlangene, ukushaywa unhlangothi, nokufa ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo behle ngama-31% eqenjini leMed + Olive Oil kanye nama-28% eqenjini leMed + Nuts.

Imininingwane eyengeziwe:

• Kwakungekho mehluko obalulekile wezibalo ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi phakathi kokudla.
• Amanani okuphuma aphindwe kabili eqenjini lokulawula (11.3%), uma kuqhathaniswa namaqembu okudla aseMedithera (4.9%).
• Abantu abanengcindezi ephezulu yegazi, izinkinga ze-lipid, noma ukukhuluphala baphendule kangcono ekudleni kwaseMedithera kunokudla okulawulwayo.
• Kwakungekho mehluko ophawulekayo ngokwezibalo ekufeni okuphelele, okuyingozi enkulu yokufa kuzo zonke izimbangela.

Isiphetho. Ukudla kwaseMedithera okunamafutha omnqumo noma amantongomane kunganciphisa ubungozi obuhlangene bokushaywa unhlangothi, isifo senhliziyo nokufa okubangelwa yisifo senhliziyo.

1.2 USalas-Salvado J, et al. Umphumela Wesidlo SaseMedithera Esongezwe Ngamantongomane Esimweni SeMetabolic Syndrome. I-JAMA Medicine Yangaphakathi, i-2008.

Imininingwane. Abaphenyi bahlaziye idatha evela kubantu abangu-1,224 ocwaningweni lwe-PREDIMED ngemuva kokulandela ukudla konyaka ongu-1. Babheka ukuthi ngabe indlela yokudla isize ukuguqula isifo se-metabolic syndrome.

Imiphumela. Ukwanda kwesifo se-metabolic kwehle ngo-6.7% eqenjini leMed + Olive Oil kanye no-13.7% eqenjini leMed + Nuts. Imiphumela ibaluleke ngezibalo kuphela eqenjini lamaMed + Nuts.

Isiphetho. Ukudla kwaseMedithera okungezwe ngamantongomane kungasiza ukuguqula isifo se-metabolic.

1.3 IMontserrat F, et al. . Imithi Yangaphakathi yeJAMA, 2007.

Imininingwane. Ososayensi bahlole abantu abangama-372 abasengozini enkulu yesifo senhliziyo ngemuva kokulandela ukudla ocwaningweni lwe-PREDIMED izinyanga ezintathu. Babheke ushintsho kuzimpawu zokuxineka kwe-oxidative, njenge-cholesterol ene-LDL (embi) ene-oxidized.

Imiphumela. Izinga le-cholesterol ene-LDL (embi) ene-oxidized yehle kuwo womabili amaqembu okudla aseMedithera kepha ayifinyelelanga ekubalweni kweqembu eliphansi lokulawula amafutha.

Isiphetho. Abantu abalandela ukudla kwaseMedithera babone ukwehla kwe-cholesterol ene-LDL (embi) ene-oxidized, kanye nokuthuthuka kwezinye izici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo.

1.4 USalas-Salvado J, et al. Ukunakekelwa yisifo sikashukela, 2011.

Imininingwane. Abaphenyi bahlole abantu abangama-418 abangenaso isifo sikashukela ababambe iqhaza ocwaningweni lwe-PREDIMED iminyaka engu-4. Babheka ubungozi babo bokuhlaselwa yisifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2.

Imiphumela. Emaqenjini amabili okudla kwaseMedithera, u-10% no-11% wabantu baba nesifo sikashukela, uma kuqhathaniswa no-17.9% eqenjini elilawula amafutha amancane. Ukudla kwaseMedithera kubonakale kunciphisa ubungozi bokuthola uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngama-52%.

Isiphetho. Ukudla kwaseMedithera ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa kwekhalori kubonakala kuvimbela ukukhula kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2.

1.5 Estruch R, et al. . Ama-Annal of Medicine yangaphakathi, 2006.

Imininingwane. Ososayensi bahlaziye idatha yabahlanganyeli abangama-772 ocwaningweni lwe-PREDIMED maqondana nezici zobungozi benhliziyo. Bebelokhu belandela indlela yokudla izinyanga ezintathu.

Imiphumela. Labo abadla ukudla kwaseMedithera babone ukuthuthuka ezicini ezahlukahlukene zenhliziyo nenhliziyo. Lokhu bekubandakanya amazinga kashukela egazini, umfutho wegazi, isilinganiso esiphelele se-cholesterol ye-HDL (enhle), namazinga e-C-reactive protein (CRP), uphawu lokuvuvukala nezifo ezahlukahlukene.

Eminye imininingwane:

• Ushukela wegazi: yehle ngo-0.30-0.39 mmol / L emaqenjini okudla aseMedithera
• Umfutho wegazi we-Systolic: yehle ngo-5.9 mmHG no-7.1 mmHG emaqenjini amabili okudla aseMedithera
• Ingqikithi ku-HDL (okuhle) isilinganiso se-cholesterol: yehle ngo-0.38 no-0.26 emaqenjini amabili okudla aseMedithera, uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elinamafutha aphansi
• Amaprotheni asebenza ngoku-C: yehle ngo-0.54 mg / L eqenjini leMed + Olive Oil, kodwa ayizange iguquke kwamanye amaqembu

Isiphetho. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokudla okunamafutha amancane, ukudla kwaseMedithera kubonakala kuthuthukisa izinto ezahlukahlukene eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo.

1.6 Ferre GM, et al. . BMC Imithi, 2013.

Imininingwane. Ososayensi bahlole ababambiqhaza abangama-7,216 ocwaningweni lwe-PREDIMED ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5.

Imiphumela. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5, bangu-323 sebebonke abantu abashonile, kwathi abangu-81 bashona ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo kwathi abangu-130 babulawa ngumdlavuza. Labo abadle amantongomane babonakala beno-16–_­Ingozi ephansi yokufa engama-63% ngesikhathi sokufunda.

Isiphetho. Ukudla amantongomane njengengxenye yokudla kwaseMedithera kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokufa.

2. UDe Lorgeril M, et al. [13] Ukusakazwa, 1999.

Imininingwane. Lolu cwaningo lubhalise abesilisa nabesifazane abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-605 abebehlaselwe yisifo senhliziyo.

Kwaphela iminyaka engu-4, badla uhlobo oluthile lokudla kwaseMedithera (okwenezelwa ngemajarini acebile nge-omega-3) noma ukudla kohlobo lwaseNtshonalanga.

Imiphumela. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-4, labo abalandela ukudla kwaseMedithera babencane amathuba okuthi babe nesifo senhliziyo noma babulawe yisifo senhliziyo.

Isiphetho. Ukudla kwaseMedithera okunezithako ze-omega-3 kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuphindayo kubantu abahlaselwe yisifo senhliziyo.

3. U-Esposito K, et al. Umphumela Wokudla Kwesitayela SaseMedithera ekungasebenzi kahle kwe-Endothelial kanye namamaki wokuvuvukala kwe-Vascular ku-Metabolic Syndrome. Ijenali yeAmerican Medical Association, 2004.

Imininingwane. Kulolu cwaningo, abantu abangu-180 abane-syndrome ye-metabolic balandela ukudla kweMedithera noma ukudla okunamafutha aphansi iminyaka eyi-2.5.

Imiphumela. Ekupheleni kwesifundo, iziguli ezingama-44% eziseqenjini lokudla laseMedithera zisenayo i-metabolic syndrome, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-86% eqenjini lokulawula. Iqembu lokudla laseMedithera liphinde labonisa ukuthuthuka kwezinye izinto ezinobungozi.

Eminye imininingwane:

• Ukwehla kwesisindo. Isisindo somzimba sehle ngamakhilogremu ayi-8.8 (4 kg) eqenjini lokudla laseMedithera, uma kuqhathaniswa namakhilogremu angu-2.6 (1.2 kg) eqenjini elilawula amafutha amancane.
• Isilinganiso sokusebenza se-Endothelial. Lokhu kuthuthukile eqenjini lokudla laseMedithera kepha kwahlala kuzinzile eqenjini eliphansi lokulawula amafutha.
• Abanye omaka. Izimpawu zokuvuvukala (hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-7, ne-IL-18) kanye nokuphikiswa kwe-insulin kwehle kakhulu eqenjini lokudla laseMedithera.

Isiphetho. Ukudla kwaseMedithera kubonakala kusiza ukunciphisa isifo se-metabolic nezinye izinto ezinobungozi benhliziyo.

4. UShai I, et al. Ukwehla kwesisindo nge-Low-Carbohydrate, iMedithera, noma Ukudla okunamafutha aphansi. INew England Journal of Medicine, ngo-2008.

Imininingwane. Kulolu cwaningo, abantu abangama-322 abanesisindo sokukhuluphala balandela noma ikuphi ukudla okunomkhawulo wekhalori, ukudla okunomkhawulo wekhalori, noma ukudla okungavinjelwe kwe-carb.

Imiphumela. Iqembu elinamafutha aphansi lalahlekelwa amakhilogremu angu-6.4 (2.9 kg), iqembu eliphansi le-carb lalahla amakhilogremu ayi-10.3 (4.7 kg), kwathi iqembu lokudla laseMedithera lalahlekelwa amakhilogremu ayi-9.7 (4.4 kg).

Kulabo abanesifo sikashukela, amazinga eglucose egazi kanye ne-insulin athuthukile ekudleni kwaseMedithera, uma kuqhathaniswa nokudla okunamafutha amancane.

Isiphetho. Ukudla kwaseMedithera kungasebenza kakhulu kunokudla okunamafutha aphansi okwehlisa isisindo nokuphatha isifo sikashukela.

5. U-Esposito K, et al. [18]. Ama-Annal of Internal Medicine, 2009.

Imininingwane. Kulolu cwaningo, abantu abangama-215 abakhuluphele ngokweqile abasanda kuthola ukuxilongwa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela abalandela i-carb low diet noma ukudla okunamafutha amancane iminyaka engu-4.

Imiphumela. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-4, ama-44% eqembu lokudla laseMedithera kanye nama-70% eqembu lokudla okunamafutha amancane adinga ukwelashwa ngemithi.

Iqembu lokudla laseMedithera lalinezinguquko ezinhle kakhulu ekulawuleni kwe-glycemic nasezingozini zesifo senhliziyo.

Isiphetho. Ukudla okune-carb ephansi kweMedithera kungabambezela noma kuvimbele isidingo sokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kubantu abasanda kutholakala benesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Ingozi yokufa

Izifundo ezimbili - isifundo ESICABANGELELWE kanye nesifundo seLyon Diet Heart - sithinte abantu abenele futhi sahlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuthola imiphumela yokufa, noma ingozi yokufa ngesikhathi sokufunda (1.1,).

Ukuze uziqhathanise kalula, lo mbhalo uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili zokudla kwaseMedithera ocwaningweni lwe-PREDIMED zibe munye.

Esifundweni Senhliziyo Sokudla KweLyon, iqembu lokudla laseMedithera lalinamathuba amancane okufa ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-4 kunaleyo eseqenjini lamafutha aphansi. Abanye ochwepheshe babize lolu cwaningo ukuthi lube yimpumelelo enkulu kakhulu yokungenelela kokudla emlandweni.

Iqembu lokudla laseMedithera ocwaningweni lwe-PREDIMED lwalunamathuba amancane okufa nge-9.4%, uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo, kepha umehluko wawungabalulekanga ngokwezibalo.

Ingozi yokufa ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo

Kokubili i-PREDIMED neLyon Diet Heart Study (1.1 no) kubhekwe ukushona kwabantu ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.

Ingozi yokufa ngesifo senhliziyo ibiphansi ngo-16% (hhayi ngezibalo) phakathi kwalabo abasesifundweni se-PREDIMED kanye nama-70% aphansi esifundweni seLyon Diet Heart Study.

Ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi ibiphansi ngama-39% ocwaningweni lwe-PREDIMED, ngokwesilinganiso (i-31% ngamafutha omnqumo kanye nama-47% ngamantongomane), ebibaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo. Ku-Lyon Diet Heart Study, abantu be-4 eqenjini lamafutha aphansi babenesifo sohlangothi, uma kuqhathaniswa akekho eqenjini lokudla laseMedithera.

Ukwehla kwesisindo

Ukudla kwaseMedithera akuyona nje indlela yokunciphisa isisindo, kepha kungukudla okunempilo okungasiza ukuvimbela isifo senhliziyo nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Kodwa-ke, abantu bangalahlekelwa isisindo ekudleni kwaseMedithera.

Izifundo ezintathu kulezi ezingenhla zibike izibalo zokulahlekelwa kwesisindo (3, 4,):

Kuzo zonke izifundo iqembu laseMedithera lalahlekelwa isisindo esiningi kuneqembu elinamafutha aphansi, kepha lalibaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo ocwaningweni olulodwa (3).

I-Metabolic syndrome nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela

Ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisile ukuthi ukudla kwaseMedithera kungazuzisa abantu abane-metabolic syndrome kanye nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela.

• Ucwaningo lwe-PREDIMED lubonise ukuthi ukudla kwaseMedithera ngamantongomane kusize abantu abayi-13.7% abane-metabolic syndrome ukuguqula isimo sabo (1.2).
• Elinye iphepha elivela ocwaningweni olufanayo libonise ukuthi ukudla kwaseMedithera kwehlise ubungozi bokuthola uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 ngama-52% ().
• U-Esposito, 2004 ukhombise ukuthi ukudla kusize ekwehliseni ukumelana ne-insulin, isici esisodwa se-metabolic syndrome nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela (3).
• Ucwaningo lwe-Shai lubonise ukuthi ukudla kwaseMedithera kuthuthukise i-glucose yegazi namazinga e-insulin, uma kuqhathaniswa nokudla okunamafutha aphansi (4).
• U-Esposito, 2009 ukhombisile ukuthi ukudla kungabambezela noma kuvimbele isidingo semithi kubantu abasanda kutholakala benesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Ukudla kweMedithera kubonakala kuyindlela ephumelelayo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Inani labantu abaphume ezifundweni

Kukho konke ukuphenya, abanye abantu bayeka ukwenza ucwaningo.

Kodwa-ke, awekho amaphethini acacile emazingeni okuphuma phakathi kweMedithera nokudla okunamafutha amancane.

Okubalulekile

Ukudla kwaseMedithera kubonakala kuyindlela enempilo yokuvimbela noma yokuphatha isifo senhliziyo, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2, nezinye izinto ezinobungozi. Kungakusiza nokuthi wehlise isisindo.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kube yindlela engcono kunokudla okujwayelekile okunamafutha aphansi.