Ukucabanga Okufingqiwe: Kuyini, Kungani Siyakudinga, Futhi Ukuyifaka Nini

-Delile

• Abstract vs. ukucabanga kokhonkolo
• Sithuthukisa kanjani ikhono lokucabanga okungabonakali?
• Ukucabanga okungabonakali esikoleni
• Izinzuzo zokucabanga okungabonakali
• Ungakuthuthukisa kanjani ukucabanga okungabonakali
• Izimo ezingakhawulela ukucabanga okungabonakali
• Lapho ukucabanga okungaqondakali kungasizi
• Ukuthatha

Namuhla sikhathazekile ngemininingwane. Ochwepheshe kuyo yonke imboni bathola izindlela ezihlakaniphile zokukala nokubonisa izigidi zamaphoyinti wedatha nsuku zonke.

Kepha imininingwane ayinalutho ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu abheke izinombolo, athole amaphethini, ahlaziye ukuthi lawo maphethini asho ukuthini, futhi athuthukise ukulandisa ukuze akuchazele wonke umuntu.

Umehluko phakathi kokuqoqa idatha nokuqonda incazelo yayo umehluko phakathi kokucabanga kokhonkolo nokucabanga okungabonakali.

Ukucabanga okungabonakali yikhono lokuqonda imiqondo eyiqiniso, njengenkululeko noma ukuba sengozini, kepha engaboshelwe ngqo ezintweni ezibonakalayo zomzimba kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho.

Ukucabanga okungajwayelekile yikhono lokumunca ulwazi olusuka ezingqondweni zethu nokwenza ukuxhumana nomhlaba obanzi.

Isibonelo esihle sokucabanga okungaqondakali emsebenzini amahlaya. Osomahlaya ngongoti bokucabanga okungabonakali. Babheka umhlaba obazungezile. Babona ukungahambisani nezinto ezithile, ukungenangqondo, nokuthukuthela. Futhi bakha amahlaya ngokuxhuma okungalindelekile.

Ukucabanga okungabonakali kuthathwa njengekhono lokucabanga elisezingeni eliphakeme. Uyisebenzisa lapho:

• dala izinto
• khuluma ngokomfanekiso
• ukuxazulula izinkinga
• qonda imiqondo
• hlaziya izimo
• yakha imibono
• beka izinto ngendlela efanele

Abstract vs. ukucabanga kokhonkolo

Ukucabanga okungabonakali kuvame ukuchazwa eceleni kokuphambene nakho: ukucabanga kokhonkolo. Ukucabanga kokhonkolo kuxhunyaniswe eduze nezinto kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okungabonwa ngqo.

Isibonelo somsebenzi ofaka ukucabanga kokhonkolo ukudiliza iphrojekthi ngezinyathelo ezithile, ngokulandelana kwesikhathi. Umsebenzi wokucabanga ongaqondakali ukuqonda izizathu zokuthi kungani iphrojekthi ibalulekile.

Iningi lethu lidinga ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yokucabanga kokhonkolo nokungabonakali ukuze kusebenze kahle empilweni yansuku zonke.

Sithuthukisa kanjani ikhono lokucabanga okungabonakali?

Amakhono okucabanga angabonakali ayakhula njengoba sikhula futhi sikhula. Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseSwitzerland uJean Piaget sichaze indlela amakhono okucabanga ezingane ashintsha ngayo njengoba ekhula.

UPiaget uthe kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube seminyakeni engu-2 ubudala, izingane nojahidada ngokuvamile bacabanga kahle. Babheka futhi bahlole umhlaba obazungezile besebenzisa izinzwa zabo ezinhlanu namakhono emoto.

Bheka iCheerio phansi, uyinamathisele eminweni yakho, bese uyifaka emlonyeni wakho. Nquma ukuthi uyayithanda. Phinda inqubo.

Kusukela eminyakeni yobudala engu-2 kuye kwengu-7, izingane zikhulisa ikhono lokucabanga okungokomfanekiso, okungaba yisisekelo sokucabanga okungabonakali. Bafunda ukuthi izimpawu ezinjengezinhlamvu, izithombe, nemisindo zingamelela izinto zangempela emhlabeni wangempela.

Kusukela eminyakeni yobudala eyi-7 kuze kube cishe yi-11, izingane zihlakulela ukucabanga okunengqondo, kepha ukucabanga kwazo kuhlala kukhonkolo - kuboshelwe kulokho abakubona ngqo.

Ngesinye isikhathi cishe eminyakeni yobudala eyi-12 bese uqhubeka nokuba mdala, abantu abaningi bakhela ekucabangeni kwabo kokhonkolo futhi banwebele ekucabangeni okungaqondakali.

Lesi sigaba sifaka phakathi amandla akhulayo okuzibeka ezicathulweni zabanye abantu (ukusebenzisa isingathekiso esingaqondakali), ukufunda ukuthi ungazwelana kanjani. Ukusetshenziswa kozwela kubhekwa njengekhono lokucabanga elingaqondakali.

Ukucabanga okungabonakali esikoleni

Imisebenzi eminingi eyenziwa ngabafundi esikoleni iboshelwe ekucabangeni okungaqondakali. Amakhono ezibalo avame ukungaqondakali. Bathembele ekhonweni lokucabanga izinombolo nokusebenza ngaphandle kokubeka izandla zakho ezintweni ezibonakalayo njalo.

Ukutadisha ulimi kuvame ukufaka ukuhlaziya nokuveza imibono engaqondakali, ukwenza izinto ezijwayelekile mayelana nesimo somuntu nokungqubuzana, nokufunda ukubhala ukuqhathanisa okungokomfanekiso njengezifaniso nezifaniso.

Umlando, izifundo zenhlalo, ifilosofi, nezepolitiki konke kudinga ikhono lokucabanga ngokujwayelekile ngezinkinga zenhlalo nokusebenzisa ukwahlulela okulungile. Isayensi idinga ukuthi abafundi baphakamise, bahlole, futhi babuyekeze imibono kanye nemibono.

Ngaphandle kwezici zemfundo zesikole, ukuhamba ngezimo zomphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezethulwa phakathi nosuku lwesikole olujwayelekile kubandakanya nokucinga okungaqondakali.

Izinzuzo zokucabanga okungabonakali

Abantu abakwazi ukucabanga ngokungajwayelekile bavame ukuba kuhle ku:

• ukuthatha izivivinyo zobuhlakani
• ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi
• ukudala ubuciko bazo zonke izinhlobo
• eza nezinketho zenoveli nezikhombisi-ndlela (ukucabanga okuhlukile)

Ungakuthuthukisa kanjani ukucabanga okungabonakali

Uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho okucabanga angaqondakali, nazi ezinye izinto ongazama ngazo:

• Thuthukisa. Uma kuneqembu lezeshashalazi elithuthukisayo endaweni yakho, cabanga ukuthatha umhlangano wokusebenzela okuvumela ukuthi uhlole le ndlela yokudlala evulekile.
• Xazulula puzzle. I-3D, i-visual, ne-puzzle puzzle izokuqeqesha ukuthi ucabange ngezinye izindlela ngaphandle kwalezo ezenzeka kuwe ngokushesha.
• Yakha amamodeli we-3D. kukhombisile ukuthi abantu besayensi, ubuchwepheshe, ubunjiniyela, kanye nezibalo bathuthukisa amakhono abo okucabanga angaqondakali ngokwenza imisebenzi yobuciko nemisebenzi yezandla.
• Hlola ukukhohlisa okubonakalayo. Abanye basebenzisa ubuciko nezithombe ezinemibono ebonakalayo ukuze baqeqeshe abafundi ukuthi babone izinto ngezindlela eziningi, okuwuphawu lokucabanga okungabonakali.
• Dlala ngolimi olungokomfanekiso. Amandla okubhala izifaniso, izingathekiso, ama-analogies, kanye nezicucu zokwenziwa samuntu kungashukumisa ukucabanga okungabonakali. Cabanga ngento ebambekayo bese uyihlobanisa nokuthile okungaqondakali: "Ngosuku agwetshwa ngalo, imvula yana njalo, sengathi uJustice wayekhala." Noma "Isazi sezengqondo senza ukuphawula ngokobulili, sithi izingqondo zabesifazane zazifana nezitsha zespaghetti."

Izimo ezingakhawulela ukucabanga okungabonakali

Ezinye izimo zezinzwa zingaphazamisa amandla akho okucabanga ngendlela engaqondakali.

• I-Autism spectrum disorder. bathole ukuthi abanye abantu abane-autism spectrum disorder bangaba nenkinga ngemiqondo nasekuxazululeni izinkinga.
• Ischizophrenia. Ezinye izinhlobo zokucabanga okungaqondakali, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibandakanyekayo zingakhawulwa yi-schizophrenia.
• Ukulimala okubuhlungu noma okuphilayo kobuchopho. Ukulimala ezingozini nokuchayeka ngaphambi kokubeletha, kufaka phakathi ukuphazamiseka kwe-fetal alcohol spectrum, kungathinta izindawo zobuchopho ezenza ukucabanga okungaqondakali kwenzeke.
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Abantu abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo bavame ukuba nobunzima ekusebenziseni nasekuqondeni amakhono okucabanga angaqondakali.
• Ukuwohloka komqondo. Imvamisa izingxenye zobuchopho ezibandakanyeka ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokuwohloka komqondo ziyizingxenye ezifanayo ezilawula amakhono okucabanga angaqondakali.

Lapho ukucabanga okungaqondakali kungasizi

Kwesinye isikhathi amandla okucabanga, ukubikezela, nokwenza ukuxhumana kuphazamise ukusebenza okunempilo.

Thatha ukuhlanekezela kwengqondo okubizwa ngokuthi ukuphazamisa, isibonelo. Uma ujwayele ukucabanga ngezimo ezimbi kakhulu, ungakhuphula izinga lakho lokukhathazeka noma uqinise izimpawu zokucindezeleka.

Ukwenziwa ngokweqile kwesinye isibonelo. Uma uhlangabezana nokubuyiselwa emuva njengobufakazi bokuthi wehlulekile, ikhono lakho lokwenza okujwayelekile lifinyelela esiphethweni esingalungile nesingakhiqizi. ukhombisile ukuthi lolu hlobo lokukhipha luvame ukukhathazeka nokudangala.

Uma unenye yalezi zimo, ungathola ukuthi ukucabanga okungaqondakali kuyinkinga ngezikhathi ezithile:

• ukukhathazeka
• ukudana
• ukukhathazeka ngokweqile (OCD)
• ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokuhlukumezeka (PTSD)

Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ungazijwayeza amakhono okucabanga aphathekayo futhi uwasebenzisele ukwenza ngcono futhi akusize nangesikhathi sokudangala.

Ukuthatha

Ukucabanga okungajwayelekile yikhono lokucabanga imiqondo engaphezu kwalokho esikubona ngokomzimba. Ukubona amaphethini, ukuhlaziya imibono, ukuhlanganisa imininingwane, ukuxazulula izinkinga, nokwenza izinto konke kubandakanya ukucabanga okungabonakali.

Amandla okucabanga ngokungabonakali akhula njengoba sikhula, futhi ngamabomu singathuthukisa ikhono lethu lokucabanga elingaqondakali ngokwenza ngcono futhi sidlale ngamaphazili, amamodeli nolimi.

Ukuthola ibhalansi enempilo phakathi kokucabanga okungabonakali nokukhonkolo kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo enhle yengqondo nokusebenza kwansuku zonke.