Umdlavuza we-Adrenal

-Delile

• Izinhlobo ze-adrenal gland tumors
• UBenign adenomas
• I-adrenal cortical carcinomas
• Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza we-adrenal?
• Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza we-adrenal?
• Utholakala kanjani umdlavuza we-adrenal?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza we-adrenal?
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Uyini umdlavuza we-adrenal?

Umdlavuza we-Adrenal yisimo esenzeka lapho amangqamuzana angajwayelekile akha noma ahambela izindlala ze-adrenal. Umzimba wakho unezindlala ezimbili ze-adrenal, eyodwa etholakala ngaphezu kwenso ngalinye. Umdlavuza we-adrenal uvame ukwenzeka ezingqimbeni ezingaphandle zezindlala, noma i-adrenal cortex. Ngokuvamile kubonakala njengesimila.

Isigaxa somdlavuza we-adrenal gland sibizwa ngokuthi i-adrenal cortical carcinoma. Isigaxa esingadabukisi sendlala ye-adrenal sibizwa nge-benign adenoma.

Uma unomdlavuza kuzindlala ze-adrenal, kodwa awuzange uvele lapho, awuthathwa njenge-adrenal cortical carcinoma. Umdlavuza webele, isisu, izinso, isikhumba, kanye ne-lymphoma kungenzeka ukuthi usabalale kuzindlala ze-adrenal.

Izinhlobo ze-adrenal gland tumors

UBenign adenomas

I-Benign adenomas incane kakhulu, imvamisa ingaphansi kwamasentimitha amabili ububanzi. Iningi labantu abanalolu hlobo lwesimila abanazo izimpawu. Lezi zicubu zivame ukuvela kwindlala eyodwa kuphela ye-adrenal, kepha zingavela kuzo zombili izindlala ezimweni ezingavamile.

I-adrenal cortical carcinomas

Ama-adrenal cortical carcinomas ngokuvamile makhulu kakhulu kune-benign adenomas. Uma isimila singaphezu kwamasentimitha amabili ububanzi, kungenzeka sibe nomdlavuza. Kwesinye isikhathi, zingakhula zibe zinkulu ngokwanele ukucindezela ezithweni zakho, okuholele ezimpawu eziningi. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi zingakhiqiza ama-hormone adala ushintsho emzimbeni.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza we-adrenal?

Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-adrenal zidalwa ukukhiqizwa okweqile kwamahomoni. Lokhu ngokujwayelekile kune-androgen, i-estrogen, i-cortisol, ne-aldosterone. Izimpawu zingavela futhi kwizicubu ezinkulu ezicindezela ezithweni zomzimba.

Izimpawu zokukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-androgen noma i-estrogen kulula ukuzibona ezinganeni kunabantu abadala ngoba izinguquko zomzimba ziyasebenza futhi ziyabonakala ngesikhathi sokuthomba. Ezinye izimpawu zomdlavuza we-adrenal ezinganeni kungaba:

• ukukhuphuka ngokweqile kwezindawo zokuphikisa, ingalo engaphansi kwekhanda nokukhula kwezinwele ebusweni
• umthondo okhulisiwe
• i-clitoris ekhulisiwe
• amabele amakhulu kubafana
• ukuthomba kusencane emantombazaneni

Cishe uhhafu wabantu abanomdlavuza we-adrenal, izimpawu aziveli kuze kube yilapho isimila sikhulu ngokwanele ukucindezela ezinye izitho. Abesifazane abanezicubu ezibangela ukwanda kwe-androgen bangabona ukukhula kwezinwele ebusweni noma ukujula kwezwi. Amadoda anezimila ezibangela ukwanda kwe-estrogen angaqaphela ukukhuliswa kwebele noma isisa sebele. Ukuhlonza isimila kuba nzima kakhulu kwabesifazane abane-estrogen eyeqile namadoda ane-androgen eyeqile.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-adrenal okhiqiza i-cortisol eyeqile ne-aldosterone kubantu abadala ingafaka:

• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• ushukela ophakeme wegazi
• ukuzuza kwesisindo
• izikhathi ezingajwayelekile
• ukulinyazwa okulula
• ukudana
• ukuchama kaningi
• amajaqamba

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza we-adrenal?

Ngalesi sikhathi, ososayensi abazi ukuthi yini ebanga umdlavuza we-adrenal. Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, cishe amaphesenti ayi-15 omdlavuza we-adrenal abangelwa yisifo sofuzo. Izimo ezithile zingakubeka engcupheni yokuthola umdlavuza we-adrenal.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Isifo se-Beckwith-Wiedemann, okuyisifo sokukhula esingajwayelekile esimakwe ngumzimba omkhulu nezitho zomzimba. Abantu abanalesi sifo nabo basengozini yomdlavuza wezinso nesibindi.
• Isifo seLi-Fraumeni, okuyisifo esizuzwe njengefa esidala ingozi eyengeziwe yezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza.
• I-adenomatous polyposis (FAP) ejwayelekile okuyisimo esizuzwe njengefa esivezwa yizinombolo eziphakeme zama-polyp emathunjini amakhulu abuye abe nengozi enkulu yomdlavuza wamathumbu.
• Izinhlobo eziningi ze-endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), okuyisimo esizuzwe njengefa esenza ukuthi izicubu eziningi zikhule, zombili ezinobungozi nezimbi, ezicutshini ezikhiqiza ama-hormone afana ne-pituitary, parathyroid, ne-pancreas.

Ukubhema kungenzeka futhi kwandise ingozi yomdlavuza we-adrenal, kodwa abukho ubufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda okwamanje.

Utholakala kanjani umdlavuza we-adrenal?

Ukuhlonza umdlavuza we-adrenal kuvame ukuqala ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Udokotela wakho uzophinde adonse igazi aqoqe nesampula yomchamo ukuze ihlolwe.

Udokotela wakho angalawula ezinye izivivinyo ezinjengalezi:

• i-needle biopsy eqondiswa isithombe
• i-ultrasound
• i-CT scan
• ukuskena kwe-positron emission tomography (PET)
• ukuskena kwe-MRI
• i-adrenal angiography

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza we-adrenal?

Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kwesinye isikhathi kungelapha umdlavuza we-adrenal. Kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu zokwelashwa okujwayelekile komdlavuza we-adrenal:

Ukuhlinzwa

Udokotela wakho angancoma inqubo ebizwa nge-adrenalectomy, ehilela ukukhipha indlala ye-adrenal. Uma umdlavuza usakaze kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, udokotela ohlinzayo angasusa futhi ama-lymph node nezicubu eziseduze.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe isebenzisa i-X-ray enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza nokuvimba amangqamuzana omdlavuza amasha ukuba angakhuli.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Ngokuya ngesigaba somdlavuza wakho, ungadinga ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Le ndlela yokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa zomdlavuza isiza ukumisa ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. I-Chemotherapy ingalawulwa ngomlomo noma ijojowe emthanjeni noma emisipheni.

Udokotela wakho angahlanganisa i-chemotherapy nezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa komdlavuza.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha

I-Ablation, noma ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana e-tumor, kungadingeka kwizicubu ezingaphephile ukukhipha ngokuhlinzwa.

IMitotane (Lysodren) yisidakamizwa esivame kakhulu ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-adrenal. Kwezinye izimo, unikezwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Kungavimba ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni ngokweqile futhi kungasiza ukwehlisa usayizi wesimila.

Ungaxoxisana nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokwelashwa ezivivinywayo, ezifana ne-biologic therapy, esebenzisa amasosha omzimba ukulwa namaseli omdlavuza.

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Uma uba nomdlavuza we-adrenal, iqembu lodokotela lizosebenzisana nawe ukudidiyela ukunakekelwa kwakho. Ukuqokwa kokulandelwa nodokotela bakho kubalulekile uma uke waba nezicubu ze-adrenal esikhathini esedlule. Umdlavuza we-adrenal ungabuya noma kunini, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlala useduze nethimba lakho lezokwelapha.