Yini ukuxhumana phakathi kwesifo se-anemia nesifo sezinso?

-Delile

• Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-anemia ne-CKD
• Izimbangela ze-anemia
• Izimpawu ze-anemia
• Ukuhlonza i-anemia
• Izinkinga ze-anemia
• Ukwelashwa kwe-anemia
• Ukuthatha

Isifo sezinso esingalapheki (i-CKD) singavela lapho esinye isimo sezempilo silimaza izinso zakho. Isibonelo, isifo sikashukela nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yizimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-CKD.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-CKD ingaholela ekushoneni kwegazi nakwezinye izinkinga ezingaba khona. I-anemia yenzeka lapho umzimba wakho ungenawo amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anele okwanele ukuthwala i-oxygen ezicutshini zakho.

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi nge-anemia ku-CKD.

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-anemia ne-CKD

Lapho izinso zakho zisebenza kahle, zikhiqiza i-hormone eyaziwa ngokuthi i-erythropoietin (EPO). Le hormone itshengisa umzimba wakho ukuthi ukhiqize amaseli abomvu egazi.

Uma une-CKD, izinso zakho kungenzeka zingenzi i-EPO eyanele. Ngenxa yalokho, inani lakho lamaseli abomvu lingase lehle ngokwanele ukudala i-anemia.

Uma wenza i-hemodialysis yokwelapha i-CKD, lokho kungaphinde kube nomthelela ekushoneni kwegazi. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi i-hemodialysis ingadala ukulahleka kwegazi.

Izimbangela ze-anemia

Ngaphezu kwe-CKD, ezinye izimbangela ze-anemia zifaka:

• ukuntuleka kwensimbi, okungabangelwa ukopha okunzima ukuya esikhathini, ezinye izinhlobo zokulahleka kwegazi, noma amazinga aphansi ensimbi ekudleni kwakho
• i-folate noma i-vitamin B-12 yokuntuleka, okungabangelwa amazinga aphansi alezi zakhi ekudleni kwakho noma isimo esivimba umzimba wakho ekutholeni kahle uvithamini B-12
• izifo ezithile eziphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi noma ezandisa ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi
• ukusabela kumakhemikhali anobuthi noma emithini ethile

Uma uba ne-anemia, uhlelo lokwelashwa olunconywayo lukadokotela wakho luzoya ngesizathu esingaba khona se-anemia.

Izimpawu ze-anemia

I-anemia ayibangeli izimpawu ezibonakalayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma kwenzeka, zifaka:

• ukukhathala
• ubuthakathaka
• isiyezi
• ikhanda
• ukucasuka
• unenkinga yokugxila
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• isikhumba esiphaphathekile

Ukuhlonza i-anemia

Ukuhlola i-anemia, udokotela wakho anga-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukukala inani le-hemoglobin egazini lakho. IHemoglobin yiprotheni equkethe insimbi kumaseli abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo.

Uma une-CKD, udokotela wakho kufanele ahlole izinga lakho le-hemoglobin okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Uma uthuthukise i-CKD, banga-oda lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kaningi ngonyaka.

Uma imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa ikhombisa ukuthi une-anemia, udokotela wakho anga-oda izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuthola imbangela ye-anemia. Bazokubuza futhi imibuzo mayelana nokudla kwakho nomlando wezokwelapha.

Izinkinga ze-anemia

Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, i-anemia ingakushiya uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu ukuqedela imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Ungakuthola kunzima ukuzivocavoca noma ukwenza eminye imisebenzi emsebenzini, esikoleni, noma ekhaya. Lokhu kungaphazamisa ikhwalithi yempilo yakho, kanye nokuqina komzimba.

I-anemia ibuye inyuse ubungozi bezinkinga zenhliziyo, kufaka phakathi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ukukhulisa inhliziyo, nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi inhliziyo yakho kufanele iphampa igazi eliningi ukukhokhela ukungabi khona komoya-mpilo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-anemia

Ukwelapha i-anemia exhunywe ne-CKD, udokotela wakho angakunikeza okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kokulandelayo:

• Umenzeli okhuthaza i-erythropoiesis (ESA). Lolu hlobo lwemithi lusiza umzimba wakho ukukhiqiza amaseli abomvu egazi. Ukuphatha i-ESA, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzojova umuthi ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho noma akufundise ukuthi ungazijova kanjani.
• Ukwengeza insimbi. Umzimba wakho udinga i-iron ukukhiqiza amaseli abomvu egazi, ikakhulukazi uma uthatha i-ESA. Ungathatha izithasiselo zensimbi yomlomo ngefomu lephilisi noma uthole ukuminywa kwensimbi ngomugqa we-intravenous (IV).
• Ukufakwa kwegazi elibomvu. Uma izinga lakho le-hemoglobin lehla kakhulu, udokotela wakho angancoma ukufakwa kwegazi elibomvu. Amaseli egazi abomvu avela kumnikeli azofakwa emzimbeni wakho nge-IV.

Uma amazinga akho we-folate noma i-vitamin B-12 aphansi, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angaphinde ancoma ukwengezwa ngalezi zakhi zomzimba.

Kwezinye izimo, bangancoma izinguquko zokudla ukuze wandise ukudla kwakho kwe-iron, folate, noma uvithamini B-12.

Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinzuzo ezingaba khona nezingozi zezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa ze-anemia ku-CKD.

Ukuthatha

Abantu abaningi abane-CKD baba ne-anemia, engadala ukukhathala, isiyezi, futhi kwezinye izimo, kube nezinkinga ezinkulu zenhliziyo.

Uma une-CKD, udokotela wakho kufanele akuhlolisise njalo ukuthola i-anemia usebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukukala izinga lakho le-hemoglobin.

Ukwelapha i-anemia ebangelwa yi-CKD, udokotela wakho angancoma ukwelashwa, ukwesekwa nge-ayoni, noma ukufakwa kwegazi elibomvu. Bangancoma futhi ushintsho ekudleni ukukusiza uthole izakhamzimba ozidingayo ukuze ukhiqize amaseli abomvu egazi anempilo.