I-anemia ekhathazayo: kuyini, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Izimbangela ezingaba khona
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Indlela yokwelapha

I-anemia enamandla, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Addison's anemia, uhlobo lwe-megaloblastic anemia olubangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12 (noma i-cobalamin) emzimbeni, okuholela ezimpawu ezifana nobuthakathaka, i-pallor, ukukhathala nokuthinta kwezandla nezinyawo, isibonelo . Funda kabanzi ngevithamini B12.

Lolu hlobo lwe-anemia luvame ukutholakala ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala, kepha ezimweni zokungondleki kahle kwezingane, ngokwesibonelo, kungahle kube nokushoda kwaleli vithamini, okukhomba ukuthi i-anaemia eyingozi yabantwana.

Ukutholakala kwe-anemia eyingozi kwenziwa ikakhulu ngokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri, lapho kuhlolwe khona ukugxila kukavithamini B12 emchameni. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngokwengeza i-vitamin B12 ne-folic acid, ngaphezu kokuthola ukudla okunempilo okunothe ku-vitamin B12.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu ze-anemia eyingozi zihlobene nokushoda kukavithamini B12 emzimbeni, okuyizinto eziphambili:

• Ubuthakathaka;
• Pallor;
• Ikhanda;
• Ukukhathala;
• Uhudo;
• Ulimi olubushelelezi;
• Ukufakwa ezandleni nasezinyaweni;
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo;
• Isiyezi;
• Ukuphefumula okufishane;
• Ukuthukuthela;
• Izandla nezinyawo ezibandayo;
• Ukubukeka kwezilonda ekhoneni lomlomo.

Ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu zokushoda kwegazi okuyingozi, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlelo lwezinzwa lube sengozini, okungaholela ebunzimeni bokuhamba, ukudangala nokudideka kwengqondo. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu ze-anemia eyingozi.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona

I-anemia ebabayo ibonakala ngokushoda kukavithamini B12 emzimbeni ngokungenzi kahle le vithamini ngenxa yokushoda kwesici sangaphakathi, okuyi-protein lapho i-vitamin B12 ibophezela khona ukuthi ifakwe emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, ekushodeni kwesici esingaphakathi ukumuncwa kwe-vitamin B12 kuyengozini.

Imbangela enkulu yokushoda kwegazi okuyingozi yi-immunological: amasosha omzimba kungenzeka asebenze ngokungafanele kwi-mucosa yesisu, abangele i-atrophy nokuvuvukala okungapheli, okuholela ekwandiseni uketshezi lwe-hydrochloric acid ngesisu futhi kunciphise ukukhiqizwa kwento eyangaphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukumuncwa kavithamini B12.

Ngaphezu kwesizathu se-immunological, i-anemia eyingozi ingadalwa yizimo ezinjengesifo se-celiac, i-homocystinuria, ukushoda kwe-cobalt, ukungondleki kahle kwengane, ukwelashwa nge-paraminosalicylic acid nokungondleki kahle ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okungadala ukuthi umntwana azalwe ene-anemia eyingozi.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukutholakala kwe-anemia eyingozi kwenziwa ngokuya ngezimpawu zomuntu nemikhuba yakhe yokudla. Kodwa-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kuyadingeka ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo ezinjenge-endoscopy yokugaya ukudla, ehlose ukukhomba izilonda esiswini. Qonda ukuthi i-endoscopy yenziwa kanjani.

Ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri okusetshenziselwe ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-anemia eyingozi ukuhlolwa kwe-Schilling, lapho i-vitamin B12 enomsakazo inikezwa khona ngomlomo futhi ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 umjovo oqukethe i-vitamin B12 engasebenzisi imisebe. Ngemuva kwamahora angama-24, umchamo uyaqoqwa uphinde uhlaziywe elebhu. Uma kutholakala inani eliphansi le-vitamin B12 enemisebe emchameni, isici esiyinhloko esihlotshaniswa nevithamini B12 sinikezwa ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokuqala. Ngemuva kwamahora angama-24 umchamo uqoqwa uphinde uhlaziywe futhi futhi uma kukhona ukulungiswa kokuhlushwa kwevithamini B12 emchameni, ukuhlolwa kuthiwa kune-anemia eyingozi, ngoba umzimba unikezwe iprotheni engakhiqiziwe futhi lokho kuyayixazulula inkinga.

Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kukaSchilling, kungacelwa ukubalwa okuphelele kwegazi, ngoba futhi ukuhlolwa okuvumela ukuxilongwa kwe-anemia. Isibalo segazi se-anemia eyingozi siqukethe amanani aphezulu we-CMV (Average Corpuscular Volume), njengoba amaseli abomvu egazi makhulu, ukwehla kwenani eliphelele lamaseli abomvu egazi, ukwanda kwe-RDW, okukhombisa ukuthi kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kosayizi wamaseli abomvu egazi, wezinguquko ekubunjweni kwamaseli abomvu egazi.

Kungacelwa futhi i-myelogram, okuwukuhlolwa okukhombisa ukuthi umongo wethambo usebenza kanjani, okuthi uma kune-anemia eyingozi kuveze ubukhona bezandulela ezinkulu ze-erythroid ezingakavuthwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa, noma kunjalo, kuyangena futhi akuvamile ukuthi kucelwe ukusiza ukuxilonga i-anemia. Bona ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okuqinisekisa i-anemia.

Indlela yokwelapha

Ukwelashwa kwe-anemia eyingozi kungenziwa ngemijovo kavithamini B12 equkethe i-50 - 1000µg noma ithebhulethi yomlomo equkethe amavithamini ayi-1000µg ngokwesincomo sezokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-folic acid kunganconywa ukuvimbela imiphumela ye-neuronal. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-anemia eyingozi.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi uthinte isazi sokudla okunempilo ukuze ukwazi ukuthola ukuholwa okungcono ngokudla okufanele kudliwe ekushoneni kwegazi okuyingozi, ngokusebenzisa inyama ebomvu, amaqanda noshizi, isibonelo, okuvame ukukhonjiswa. Bona ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okunothe ku-vitamin B12.

Buka le vidiyo elandelayo futhi ufunde kabanzi ngalolu hlobo lwe-anemia: