Izidambisigciwane ze-HIV Izidambisigciwane: Imiphumela engemihle nokunamathela

-Delile

• Ukunamathela
  
• Imiphumela emibi yezidambisigciwane nokuphathwa kwayo
• Ukulahleka kwesifiso
• I-Lipodystrophy
• Uhudo
• Ukukhathala
• Hlala uphephile
  
• Izinga eliphakeme kunelejwayelekile le-cholesterol ne-triglycerides
• Ukushintsha kwemizwelo, ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• I-Rash
• Inkinga yokulala
• Eminye imiphumela emibi
• Sebenza nethimba lezokunakekelwa kwempilo

Ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo kwe-HIV isigaba semithi ebizwa ngama-antiretrovirals. Le mithi ayilaphi i-HIV, kodwa inganciphisa inani legciwane emzimbeni womuntu one-HIV. Lokhu kugcina izivikeli mzimba ziqine ngokwanele ukulwa nezifo.

Namuhla, kuvunyelwe imishanguzo engaphezu kwengu-40 yokwelapha i-HIV. Abantu abaningi abelapha i-HIV yabo bazothatha emibili noma ngaphezulu yale mishanguzo nsuku zonke impilo yabo yonke.

Izidambisigciwane kufanele ziphuzwe ngesikhathi esifanele nangendlela efanele ukuze zisebenze kahle. Ukuthatha le mithi ngendlela umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo abayale ngayo kubizwa ngokuthi ukubambelela.

Ukunamathela kuhlelo lokwelashwa akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Imishanguzo ye-antiretroviral ingadala imiphumela emibi engaba nzima ngokwanele ukwenza abanye abantu bayeke ukuyiphuza. Kepha uma umuntu one-HIV eqa imithamo yale mithi, igciwane lingaqala ukuzikopisha emzimbeni wakhe futhi. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi i-HIV imelane nemithi. Uma lokho kwenzeka, umuthi ngeke usasebenza, futhi lowo muntu uzosala nezindlela ezimbalwa zokwelapha i-HIV yakhe.

Funda kabanzi ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngemiphumela emibi yezidambisigciwane, nokuthi ungayilawula kanjani futhi unamathele ohlelweni lokwelashwa.

Ukunamathela

1. Ukunamathela kusho ukunamathela kuhlelo lokwelashwa.Kubalulekile! Uma umuntu one-HIV eqa imithamo noma eyeka ukuthatha imishanguzo yakhe, igciwane lingazwela emithini. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima noma kungenzeki ukwelapha i-HIV.

Imiphumela emibi yezidambisigciwane nokuphathwa kwayo

Imishanguzo ye-HIV ithuthukile ngokuhamba kweminyaka, futhi imiphumela emibi kakhulu mancane kakhulu kunakuqala. Kodwa-ke, izidakamizwa ze-HIV zisengadala imiphumela emibi. Ezinye zimnene, kanti ezinye zinzima kakhulu noma zisongela impilo. Umphumela oseceleni ungaba mubi kakhulu uma umuthi uthathwa isikhathi eside.

Kungenzeka eminye imishanguzo isebenzisane nezidakamizwa ze-HIV, kubangele imiphumela emibi. Ezinye izimo zezempilo zingenza nemiphumela engemihle evela emithini ye-HIV ibe yimbi kakhulu. Ngalezi zizathu, lapho uqala noma yimuphi umuthi omusha, abantu abane-HIV kufanele batshele abahlinzeki babo bezempilo kanye nosokhemisi ngayo yonke eminye imishanguzo, izithasiselo, noma amakhambi abawasebenzisayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kukhona imiphumela emibi emisha noma engajwayelekile eyenzekayo, abantu abane-HIV kufanele babize abahlinzeki babo bezempilo. Kufanele bakwenze lokhu noma ngabe bake baba semithini isikhathi eside. Kungathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka ukuqala ukuphendula kumuthi othile.

Ngemiphumela emibi kakhulu, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angaqiniseka ukuthi yimithi hhayi esinye isici esidala izimpawu. Uma umuthi kufanele usolwe, bangahle bashintshe ukwelashwa baye komunye umuthi wokulwisana negciwane. Noma kunjalo, ukushintsha ukwelashwa akulula. Kumele baqiniseke ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kusazosebenza nokuthi ngeke kubangele imiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Imiphumela emibi ye-Milder ingaphela ngokushesha nje lapho umzimba ujwayela umuthi. Uma kungenjalo, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angase asikisele ukushintsha indlela umuthi othathwe ngayo. Isibonelo, bangancoma ukuyithatha ngokudla kunokuyidla esiswini esingenalutho, noma ebusuku kunokusa ekuseni. Kwezinye izimo, kungaba lula ukwelapha umphumela ohlangothini ukuze ulawuleke kangcono.

Nayi eminye imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile evela emithini yezidambisigciwane namathiphu okuyilawula.

Ukulahleka kwesifiso

Izibonelo zemithi engayibangela:

• abacavir (Ziagen)
• i-zidovudine

Yini engasiza:

• Yidla ukudla okuncane okuningana ngosuku esikhundleni sokudla okukhulu ezintathu.
• Phuza ama-smoothies noma uthathe izithako zokudla okunomsoco ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba uthola amavithamini namaminerali anele.
• Buza umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngokuthatha isikhuthazi sesifiso sokudla.

I-Lipodystrophy

ILipodystrophy yisimo esidala ukuthi abantu balahlekelwe noma bathole amafutha ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba. Lokhu kungenza abanye abantu bazizwe bezenyeza noma bekhathazekile.

Izibonelo zemithi engayibangela: Inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa ezivela ku-nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) kanye ne-protease inhibitor classes.

Ama-NRTI afaka phakathi:

• Abacavir
• stavudine
• I-didanosine
• i-zidovudine
• lamivudine
• emtricitabine
• tenofovir

Ama-Protease inhibitors afaka:

• atazanavir
• darunavir
• fosamprenavir
• indimvir
• lompinavir
• umagazine
• i-ritonavir
• sphiwe
• umabhebhana

Yini engasiza:

• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungasiza ekunciphiseni amafutha omzimba avela kuwo wonke umzimba, kufaka phakathi nezindawo lapho amafutha akhe khona.
• Umuthi ojojwayo obizwa nge-tesamorelin (Egrifta) ungasiza ukwehlisa amafutha esiswini ngokweqile kubantu abathatha imishanguzo ye-HIV. Kodwa-ke, lapho abantu beyeka ukuthatha i-tesamorelin, amafutha esiswini kungenzeka abuye.
• I-Liposuction ingasusa amafutha ezindaweni lapho iqoqe khona.
• Uma ukwehla kwesisindo kwenzeka ebusweni, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo anganikeza imininingwane ngemijovo ye-polylactic acid (New Fill, Sculptra).
• Abantu abanesifo sikashukela ne-HIV bangacabanga ukubuza abahlinzeki babo bezempilo mayelana nokuthatha i-metformin. Lesi sidakamizwa sikashukela singasiza ekwehliseni amafutha esiswini abangelwa yi-lipodystrophy.

Uhudo

Izibonelo zemithi engayibangela:

• ama-protease inhibitors
• i-nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (ama-NRTIs)
• ama-antibiotic
• dokuzi
• imvuse
• busisiwe
• umabhebhana
• elvitegravir / cobicistat

Yini engasiza:

• Yidla okuncane okunamafutha, okunamafutha, okubabayo nokwederi, kufaka phakathi ukudla okuthosiwe nemikhiqizo equkethe ubisi.
• Yidla ukudla okumbalwa okune-fiber enganyibiliki, njengemifino eluhlaza, okusanhlamvu okuphelele namantongomane.
• Buza umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngezinzuzo zokuthatha imishanguzo yokulwa nesifo sohudo ngaphezulu kokuthenga, njenge-loperamide (Imodium).

Ukukhathala

Ukukhathala kungumphumela oseceleni wokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ze-HIV, kodwa futhi kuyisibonakaliso se-HIV.

Izibonelo zemithi engayibangela:

• i-zidovudine
• efavirenz

Yini engasiza:

• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco ukwandisa amandla.
• Vocavoca umzimba kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Gwema ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala.
• Namathela esimisweni sokulala esimisiwe futhi ugweme ukuthatha amakhefu.

Hlala uphephile

1. Khumbula, abantu abane-HIV kufanele bahlole nabahlinzeki babo bezempilo ngaphambi kokuzama noma yiziphi zalezi ziphakamiso. Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzonquma ukuthi kuyindlela ephephile yini.

Izinga eliphakeme kunelejwayelekile le-cholesterol ne-triglycerides

Izibonelo zemithi engayibangela:

• stavudine
• I-didanosine
• i-zidovudine
• efavirenz
• lopinavir / ritonavir
• fosamprenavir
• sphiwe
• indimvir
• tipranavir / ritonavir
• elvitegravir / cobicistat

Yini engasiza:

• Gwema ukubhema.
• Zivocavoce ngokwengeziwe.
• Nciphisa inani lamafutha ekudleni. Khuluma nesazi sokudla ngendlela ephephe kakhudlwana yokwenza lokhu.
• Yidla inhlanzi nokunye ukudla okune-omega-3 fatty acids eningi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-walnuts, ama-flaxseeds namafutha we-canola.
• Yenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga e-cholesterol kanye ne-triglyceride kaningi njengoba umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo esikisela.
• Thatha ama-statins noma eminye imishanguzo eyehlisa i-cholesterol uma inqunywe ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ukushintsha kwemizwelo, ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka

Ukushintsha kwemizwelo, kufaka phakathi ukudangala nokukhathazeka, kungaba yimiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ze-HIV. Kodwa ukushintsha kwemizwelo nakho kungaba uphawu lwe-HIV.

Izibonelo zemithi engayibangela:

• i-efavirenz (Sustiva)
• i-rilpivirine (i-Edurant, i-Odefsey, i-Complera)
• ubambe

Yini engasiza:

• Gwema utshwala nezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni.
• Buza umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nokwelulekwa noma imishanguzo yokulwisana nokudangala.

Isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Izibonelo zemithi engayibangela: Cishe yonke imishanguzo ye-HIV.

Yini engasiza:

• Yidla izingcezu ezincane usuku lonke esikhundleni sezidlo ezinkulu ezintathu.
• Yidla ukudla okungenamsoco, njenge-rice nelitha
• Gwema ukudla okunamafutha, okubabayo.
• Yidla ukudla kubande esikhundleni sokushisa.
• Buza umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngemithi yokwelapha ukulwa nesicanucanu ukuze ulawule isicanucanu.

I-Rash

I-Rash ingumphumela wecala cishe yonke imithi ye-HIV. Kodwa ukuqubuka okukhulu nakho kungaba uphawu lokuphendula okweqile noma esinye isimo esibi. Shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo uma unama-rash kanye nokunye okulandelayo:

• inkinga yokuphefumula noma ukugwinya
• imfiva
• amabhamuza, ikakhulukazi azungeze umlomo, ikhala, neso
• ukuqubuka okuqala ngokushesha futhi kusakazeke

Izibonelo zemithi engadala ukuqubuka:

• ama-protease inhibitors
• emtricitabine
• busisiwe
• elvitegravir / tenofovir disoproxil / emtricitabine
• ama-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (ama-NNRTIs), kufaka phakathi:
  • etravirine
  • umabhebhana
  • dokuzi
  • efavirenz
  • i-nevirapine

Yini engasiza:

• Sula isikhumba nge-lotion usuku ngalunye.
• Sebenzisa amanzi apholile noma asivivi kunamanzi ashisayo emashaweni nakubhavu.
• Sebenzisa insipho emnene, engacasuli kanye nensipho yokuwasha.
• Gqoka izindwangu eziphefumulayo, njengokotini.
• Buza umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nokuthatha umuthi we-antihistamine.

Inkinga yokulala

Izibonelo zemithi engayibangela:

• efavirenz
• emtricitabine
• umabhebhana
• indimvir
• elvitegravir / cobicistat
• ubambe

Yini engasiza:

• Vocavoca umzimba njalo.
• Namathela esimisweni sokulala esimisiwe futhi ugweme ukuthatha amakhefu.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi igumbi lokulala likhululekile ukulala.
• Phumula ngaphambi kokulala ngokugeza okufudumele noma omunye umsebenzi wokutholisa umoya.
• Gwema i-caffeine nezinye izikhuthazi emahoreni ambalwa ngaphambi kokulala.
• Khuluma nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngemithi yokulala uma inkinga iqhubeka.

Eminye imiphumela emibi

Eminye imiphumela emibi etholakala emithini elwa negciwane ingafaka:

• i-hypersensitivity noma i-allergen reaction, enezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• ukopha
• ukulahleka kwamathambo
• Isifo senhliziyo
• ushukela wegazi ophakeme nesifo sikashukela
• i-lactic acidosis (amazinga aphezulu e-lactic acid egazini)
• ukulimala kwezinso, isibindi noma amanyikwe
• ukuba ndikindiki, ukushiswa, noma ubuhlungu ezandleni noma ezinyaweni ngenxa yezinkinga zemizwa

Sebenza nethimba lezokunakekelwa kwempilo

Ukuthatha imishanguzo ye-HIV njengoba kunqunyiwe kubalulekile ukuthi isebenze kahle. Uma kwenzeka imiphumela emibi, ungayeki ukuthatha imithi. Esikhundleni salokho, khuluma nethimba lezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Bangaphakamisa izindlela zokunciphisa imiphumela emibi, noma bangahle banciphise uhlelo lokwelashwa.

Kungathatha isikhathi ukuthi abantu abane-HIV bathole uhlobo lwemithi olufanele. Ngokuqapha nokulandelela ngokucophelela, abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo bazothola umuthi wezidambisigciwane osebenza kahle ngemiphumela emibi kakhulu.