Ngabe amaNitrate namaNitrite asekudla ayingozi?

-Delile

• Yini ama-nitrate nama-nitrites?
• Lapho kutholakala khona ama-nitrate nama-nitrites
• I-nitrate iyithinta kanjani ingcindezi yegazi nempilo yenhliziyo
• Ngabe ama-nitrate angasebenza ukusebenza ngokomzimba?
• Izingozi zama-nitrate nama-nitrites
• Ungakunciphisa kanjani ukuvezwa kwe-nitrosamine
• Okubalulekile

Ama-nitrate nama-nitrites yizinhlanganisela ezenzeka ngokwemvelo emzimbeni womuntu kanye nokudla okuthile, okufana nemifino. Abakhiqizi babuye bazengeze ekudleni okucutshunguliwe, njengebhekoni, ukukugcina futhi kukwenze kuhlale isikhathi eside.

Kwezinye izinhlobo, ama-nitrate nama-nitrites angaba yingozi. Kodwa-ke, futhi bangaba nezinzuzo zezempilo.

Lo mbhalo ubuyekeza ama-nitrate nama-nitrites ekudleni.

Yini ama-nitrate nama-nitrites?

Ama-nitrate nama-nitrites yizinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zekhompiyutha.

Ama-nitrate (NO3) aqukethe i-athomu eyodwa ye-nitrogen nama-athomu amathathu e-oxygen. Ama-nitrites (NO2) aqukethe i-athomu eyodwa ye-nitrogen nama-athomu amabili e-oxygen.

Ama-nitrate ayisebenzi, okusho ukuthi azinzile futhi mancane amathuba okuthi aguquke futhi abangele ukulimala.

Kodwa-ke, amagciwane asemlonyeni noma ama-enzyme emzimbeni angawaguqula abe ama-nitrites, futhi lokhu kungaba yingozi.

Ama-nitrites angajika abe:

• i-nitric oxide, ezuzisa umzimba
• ama-nitrosamines, angaba yingozi

Kuneminye imininingwane ngalezi ezingezansi.

Abakhiqizi bengeza ama-nitrite enyameni ukuwagcina. Bayizizathu zokuthi kungani inyama ephulukisiwe ibomvana noma ibomvu. Kwinyama, ama-nitrites aphenduka abe yi-nitric oxide. Lokhu kuphendula ngamaprotheni asenyameni, kuguqula umbala wawo futhi kusize ukuwugcina. (1).

Ngaphandle kwama-nitrites nezinye izithasiselo, inyama ibingaba nsundu ngokushesha.

Ama-nitrate nama-nitrites yizakhi eziqukethe ama-athomu enitrogen ne-oxygen. Ama-nitrate angaphenduka ama-nitrites, angakha i-nitric oxide (okuhle) noma i-nitrosamines (embi).

Lapho kutholakala khona ama-nitrate nama-nitrites

Abakhiqizi bokudla bavame ukufaka ama-nitrate nama-nitrites enyameni esetshenzisiwe, njengebhekoni, i-ham, amasoseji nezinja ezishisayo.

Lezi zinhlanganisela ezingeziwe zisiza:

• ukuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane ayingozi
• engeza ukunambitheka okunosawoti
• thuthukisa ukubukeka kwenyama ngokuyinika umbala obomvu noma obomvana

Ukudla okuphezulu kwenyama esetshenzisiwe kungakhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza endaweni yokugaya ukudla. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ama-nitrate nama-nitrites yisizathu sengozi eyengeziwe (2,).

Kodwa-ke, ama-nitrate nama-nitrites nawo ayenzeka ngokwemvelo kwimifino, okunganciphisa ubungozi bezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza nezinye izifo (, 5).

Eqinisweni, ngokwesifundo esisodwa, abantu bathola cishe ama-80% ama-nitrate wabo wokudla kusuka emifino ().

Umzimba ubuye ukhiqize ama-nitrate bese uwafaka amathe (7, 8).

Ama-nitrate nama-nitrites ajikeleza kusuka ohlelweni lokugaya angene egazini, abese eba ngamathe, abuyele ohlelweni lokugaya ().

Zingaba wusizo ekugcineni umzimba wakho uphilile, njengoba zibonakala zisebenza njengama-antimicrobials ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla. Bangasiza ukubulala amabhaktheriya, njenge Salmonella (, ).

Bangabuye baphenduke i-nitric oxide (NO), i-molecule ebalulekile yokubonisa ().

Ama-nitrate nawo avela ngokwemvelo emanzini. Kwezinye izindawo, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo kungaholela emazingeni aphezulu ama-nitrate angaba yingozi ezinganeni. Ngalesi sizathu, iziphathimandla zezempilo zilawula amazinga e-nitrate emanzini okuphuza ().

Ama-nitrate akhona ngamanani amancane enyameni esetshenzisiwe nangamanani amakhulu ekudleni okunempilo okufana nemifino. Zenzeka nasemanzini okuphuza, futhi umzimba womuntu ukhiqiza ama-nitrate, nawo.

I-nitrate iyithinta kanjani ingcindezi yegazi nempilo yenhliziyo

Ngaphansi kwezinye izimo, i-nitrite ilahlekelwa yi-athomu ye-oxygen. Ngemuva kwalokho, iphenduka i-nitric oxide, i-molecule ebalulekile.

INitric oxide (NO) inemisebenzi eyahlukahlukene emzimbeni. Kungaba nobuthi ngamanani aphezulu, kepha futhi kungasiza ukuvikela umzimba (14).

Okubaluleke kakhulu, yi-molecule ekhombisa. Ihamba ngezindonga zomthambo futhi ithumele izimpawu kumaseli amancane emisipha azungeze imithambo, ibatshele ukuthi baphumule ().

Lapho la maseli ephumula, imithambo yegazi iyavuleka, nomfutho wegazi uyehla.

INitroglycerin yisidakamizwa esine-nitrate. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bayisebenzisela ukwelapha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo nezinye izimo ().

INitroglycerin ingavimbela noma iguqule i-angina, uhlobo lobuhlungu besifuba obenzeka lapho imisipha yenhliziyo ingatholi umoya-mpilo owenele ngenxa yokuhamba kwegazi okuphansi.

Ama-nitrate wokudla nama-nitrites nawo angashintsha abe yi-nitric oxide, anwebe imithambo yegazi, futhi anciphise umfutho wegazi ().

Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukudla okunama-nitrate nama-nitrites amaningi, njenge-beetroot noma i-beetroot juice, kunganciphisa umfutho wegazi. Kwesinye isifundo, umfutho wegazi wehle wafika ku-4-10 mm / Hg esikhathini samahora ambalwa (,,).

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme uyingcuphe enkulu yesifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi, izimo ezivamile ezingaba yingozi empilweni.

Emzimbeni, ama-nitrites angaphenduka abe yi-nitric oxide (NO), i-molecule ekhombisa ukuthi imithambo yegazi ivuleka futhi yehlise umfutho wegazi.

Ngabe ama-nitrate angasebenza ukusebenza ngokomzimba?

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ama-nitrate angathuthukisa ukusebenza komzimba, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ngamandla okukhulu.

Abanye abantu bavame ukusebenzisa ijusi le-beetroot noma i-beetroot ngale njongo, ngoba aqukethe amazinga aphezulu ama-nitrate.

Isizathu salokhu kuthuthukiswa kokusebenza komzimba kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yama-nitrate akhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-mitochondria. IMitochondria yizingxenye zamaseli ezikhiqiza amandla ().

Izifundo ezimbalwa zikhombisile ukuthi i-beetroot inganciphisa izindleko zomoya-mpilo zokuvivinya umzimba ngo-5.4%, inyuse isikhathi sokukhathala lapho isebenza nge-15%, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kokuphrinta ngo-4% (,,).

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ama-nitrate kanye nama-nitrites ekudleni angathuthukisa ukusebenza komzimba, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ngamandla okukhulu.

Izingozi zama-nitrate nama-nitrites

Ama-nitrate nama-nitrites ayizinhlanganisela ezibalulekile, kepha angaba yingozi uma enza ama-nitrosamines. AmaNitrosamines angakha uma upheka ama-nitrate noma ama-nitrites ngokushisa okukhulu. (25).

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-nitrosamine, futhi eziningi zingakhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza. (26).

AmaNitrosamines ngamanye ama-carcinogens amakhulu entuthu kagwayi, ngokwesibonelo.

Ibhekoni, izinja ezishisayo nenyama esetshenzisiwe ingaqukatha amazinga aphezulu womabili ama-nitrite e-sodium. Futhi zinamaprotheni amaningi, akhiwe ngama-amino acid. Lapho kuvezwa ukushisa okuphezulu, le nhlanganisela idala izimo ezifanele zama-nitrosamines ukwakha ().

Ukupheka imifino, noma kunjalo, mancane amathuba okuthi akhiqize ama-nitrosamines. Abantu abavamile ukupheka imifino ekushiseni okuphezulu kakhulu, futhi ayiqukethe amaprotheni amaningi.

Lapho ama-nitrites nama-amino acid akhona, izinhlanganisela ze-carcinogenic ezibizwa ngama-nitrosamines zingakha ngesikhathi sokupheka ngokushisa okukhulu.

Ungakunciphisa kanjani ukuvezwa kwe-nitrosamine

Abakhiqizi kufanele banciphise inani lama-nitrite abawasebenzisayo enyameni elungisiwe ngomthetho, ngenxa yezingozi ezibangelwa yi-nitrosamines.

Futhi kufanele bangeze uvithamini C, ovimbela ukwakheka kwe-nitrosamine ().

Inyama esetshenzisiwe oyidlayo namuhla iqukethe i-nitrite encane kunalokho ebiyenza emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule.

Unganciphisa ubungozi bokuchayeka kwe-nitrosamine ngokwenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile lapho uthenga inyama esetshenzwe, njengebhekoni.

Ezinye izitolo zithengisa ubhekeni wekhwalithi ongenawo i-nitrate. Izithako kufanele zibonise ukuthi ubhekeni awunawo amazinga aphezulu wezithasiselo aqukethe ama-nitrate.

Kufanele uhlole amalebula we:

• i-sodium nitrate (E251)
• i-sodium nitrite (E250)
• i-potassium nitrate (E252)
• i-potassium nitrite (E249)

Kuyafaneleka ukuhlola izithako. Ezinye izindlela zemvelo nezingokwemvelo zokonga inyama, njengosawoti wesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, zingaqukatha ama-nitrate. Ngenxa yalokho, ubhekeni oluthile “olungenayo i-nitrate” lungaqukatha ama-nitrate amaningi kunebhekhe elijwayelekile (29).

Ukuze uqiniseke ngokuthola ubhekeni onama-nitrate amancane, ungazama okulandelayo:

• Thenga indawo lapho kungenzeka khona noma emakethe yabalimi.
• Thola umphakeli webhekoni ezingulubeni ezikhuliswe emadlelweni.
• Fry noma upheke ubhekeni ngokushisa okuphansi isikhathi eside futhi ugweme ukukushisa.

Olunye ucwaningo oludala lukhombisa ukuthi ukupheka ubhekeni ku-microwave kuyindlela engcono yokunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-nitrosamine (30).

Nayi ividiyo enemiyalo yokuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu.

Ama-nitrate ayindlela yokubulala, futhi ubhekeni onama-nitrate amancane angahlala isikhathi eside. Ungayigcina isikhathi eside ngokuyiqandisa.

Unganciphisa ubungozi bokuchayeka kwe-nitrosamine ngokukhetha ngokucophelela imikhiqizo yenyama esetshenzisiwe ephansi kwizithasiselo eziqukethe ama-nitrate.

Okubalulekile

Ama-nitrate nama-nitrites yizinhlanganisela ezenzeka ngokwemvelo emzimbeni womuntu kanye nokudla okuthile. Zibuye zengezwe ekudleni okuthile okusetshenzisiwe ukwengeza impilo yeshalofu.

Bangashintsha babe i-nitric oxide, bavule imithambo yegazi, behlise nomfutho wegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingathuthukisa ukusebenza komzimba.

Noma kunjalo, ama-carcinogenic compound nitrosamines angakha uma upheka ama-nitrate noma ama-nitrites ekushiseni okuphezulu, okubeka engcupheni yezempilo.

Ngenxa yemithetho eqinile, kunama-nitrite amancane ekudleni okusetshenzisiwe namuhla, njengoba abakhiqizi kufanele banciphise inani abalisebenzisayo.

Unganciphisa ubungozi bokuchayeka kwe-nitrosamine ngokutadisha ngokucophelela ilebula lapho uthenga inyama esetshenzwe ukuthola umkhiqizo onezithasiselo ezinqunyelwe noma ezingenazo eziqukethe ama-nitrate.