Umthambo vs. Umthambo: Uyini Umehluko?

-Delile

• Umthambo vs. umthambo
• Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithambo?
• Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithambo?
• Umdwebo we-Artery kanye ne-vein
• I-anatomy yemithambo nemithambo yegazi
• Uhlelo lwe-cardiovascular
• Ukuthatha

Umthambo vs. umthambo

Imithambo yegazi yimithambo yegazi ebhekele ukuthwala igazi elicebile oksijini lisuke enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni. Imithambo yimithambo yegazi ethwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo omncane ukusuka emzimbeni ubuyisele enhliziyweni ukwenziwa kabusha kwe-oxygen.

Imithambo yegazi nemithambo yizinhlobo ezimbili zomzimba eziyinhloko zemithambo yegazi. Lezi zitsha ziyiziteshi ezihambisa igazi emzimbeni. Bayingxenye yezinhlelo ezimbili ezivaliwe zamashubhu aqala futhi aphele enhliziyweni. Lezi zinhlelo zamashubhu yilezi:

• Amaphaphu. Imikhumbi yamaphaphu yimithambo ehambisa igazi elimpofu le-oxygen kusuka kwi-ventricle yangakwesokudla yenhliziyo iye emaphashini. Imithambo yamaphaphu ihambisa igazi elinomoya-mpilo libuyela e-atrium yenhliziyo engakwesobunxele.
• Okuhlelekile. Izitsha zesistimu yimithambo ethwala igazi elicebile oksijini ukusuka ku-ventricle engakwesokunxele yenhliziyo kuya ezicutshini kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba. Bese bebuyisa igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo ngemithambo emuva e-atrium elungile lenhliziyo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithambo?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemithambo yegazi. Uhlobo ngalunye lwakhiwe amajazi amathathu: ngaphandle, maphakathi nangaphakathi.

• Imithambo enwebeka zibizwa nangokuthi ukuqhuba imithambo yegazi noma ukuhambisa imithambo. Zinezingqimba eziphakathi nendawo ezijiyile ukuze zikwazi ukwelula ukuphendula ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngakunye.
• Imisipha (ehambisa) imithambo aphakathi nendawo. Badonsa igazi kusuka emithanjeni enwebekayo nasegatsheni bayifaka emikhunjini yokumelana. Le mikhumbi ifaka imithambo emincane nemithambo yegazi.
• Ama-Arterioles ukuhlukaniswa okuncane kakhulu kwemithambo ehambisa igazi lisuke enhliziyweni. Baqondisa igazi kumanethiwekhi we-capillary.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithambo?

Kunezinhlobo ezine zemithambo:

• Imithambo ejulile zitholakala ngaphakathi kwezicubu zemisipha. Banomthambo ohambelana nawo eduze.
• Imithambo ekha phezulu zisondele ebusweni besikhumba. Azinayo imithambo ehambisanayo.
• Imithambo yamaphaphu ukuhambisa igazi eligcwaliswe nge-oxygen ngamaphaphu liye enhliziyweni. Iphaphu ngalinye linamasethi amabili emithanjeni yamaphaphu, elakwesokudla nelokhohlo.
• Imithambo ehlelekile zitholakala kuwo wonke umzimba kusukela emilenzeni kuze kufike entanyeni, kufaka phakathi izingalo kanye nesiqu. Bathutha igazi elingenawo amandla abuyele enhliziyweni.

Umdwebo we-Artery kanye ne-vein

Sebenzisa lo mdwebo we-3-D osebenzayo ukuhlola umthambo.

Sebenzisa lo mdwebo ohambisanayo we-3-D ukuhlola umthambo.

I-anatomy yemithambo nemithambo yegazi

Izindonga zemithambo nemithambo yegazi zombili zakhiwe izingqimba ezintathu:

• Ngaphandle. I-Tunica adventitia (tunica externa) ungqimba olungaphandle lwesitsha segazi, kufaka phakathi imithambo nemithambo. Iqukethe kakhulu imicu ye-collagen ne-elastic. Le micu inika amandla imithambo nemithambo yokwelula inani elilinganiselwe. Zelula ngokwanele ukuba ziguquguquke ngenkathi zigcina ukuzinza ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokugeleza kwegazi.
• Ephakathi. Isendlalelo esiphakathi sezindonga zemithambo nemithambo sibizwa ngemidiya ye-tunica. Yenziwe ngemisipha ebushelelezi kanye nokunwebeka kwemicu. Lolu ungqimba lujiyile emithanjeni futhi lucekeceke emithanjeni.
• Ngaphakathi. Ingqimba yangaphakathi yodonga lwemithambo yegazi ibizwa nge-tunica intima. Lolu ungqimba lwenziwe nge-fiber fiber kanye ne-collagen. Ukungaguquguquki kwayo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomthambo wegazi.

Ngokungafani nemithambo yegazi, imithambo inama-valve. Imithambo idinga amavalvu ukugcina igazi ligobhoza liye enhliziyweni. Ama-Theses valve abaluleke kakhulu emilenzeni nasezingalweni. Balwa namandla adonsela phansi ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi.

Imithambo yegazi ayidingi ama-valve ngoba ingcindezi evela enhliziyweni igcina igazi ligeleza kuyo liqonde ohlangothini olulodwa.

Uhlelo lwe-cardiovascular

Uhlelo lwe-cardiovascular system oluvalekile lwemikhumbi olubizwa ngemithambo, imithambo, nama-capillaries. Zonke zixhunywe kupampu yemisipha obizwa ngenhliziyo. Uhlelo lwe-cardiovascular lugcina ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo nokulawulwa kwegazi okuletha izakhi kanye ne-oxygen kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni. Ikwenza lokhu ngezinkulungwane zamamayela ama-capillaries phakathi kwemithambo nemithambo.

• Imithambo yegazi. Imithambo yamaphaphu ephethe igazi elinomoya-mpilo ophansi ukusuka emgudwini olungile wenhliziyo uye emaphashini. Imithambo ehlelekile ihambisa igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka ku-ventricle ongakwesobunxele wenhliziyo liye kuwo wonke umzimba.
• Imithambo. Imithambo yamaphaphu ithwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka emaphashini liye e-atrium engakwesokunxele senhliziyo. Imithambo ehlelekile ithwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo ophansi lisuka emzimbeni liye e-atrium elungile lenhliziyo.
• Ama-Capillaries. Ama-capillaries amancane kakhulu futhi amaningi kakhulu emithanjeni yegazi. Zixhuma phakathi kwemithambo (ehambisa igazi lisuke enhliziyweni) nemithambo (ebuyisela igazi enhliziyweni). Umsebenzi oyinhloko wama-capillaries ukushintshana ngezinto, njenge-oxygen, phakathi kwegazi nezicubu zomzimba.
• Inhliziyo. Inhliziyo inamagumbi amane: i-atrium yangakwesokudla, i-ventricle yangakwesokudla, i-atrium yesobunxele ne-ventricle engakwesokunxele. Inhliziyo inikeza amandla okujikeleza igazi ngohlelo lwe-cardiovascular.

Ukuthatha

Izakhi zomzimba ne-oxygen zilethwa kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wakho ngohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi. Inhliziyo iphampa igazi elinomoya-mpilo kumaseli akho ngemithambo. Ipompa igazi eligcwele umoya-mpilo kude namaseli akho ngemithambo.