Buza Isazi: Ukuqaphela nokwelapha iHyperkalemia

-Delile

• 1. Yiziphi izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-hyperkalemia?
• 2. Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo ze-hyperkalemia?
• 3. Yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso se-hyperkalemia?
• 4. Ngazi kanjani ukuthi ngine-hyperkalemia enamandla?
• 5. Yini okufanele ngiyifake ekudleni kwami ​​ukusiza ukwehlisa i-potassium?
• 6. Yikuphi ukudla okufanele ngikugweme?
• 7. Ziyini izingozi ze-hyperkalemia engalashwa?
• 8. Ngabe kukhona okunye ukushintsha kwempilo engingakwenza ukuvimbela i-hyperkalemia?

1. Yiziphi izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-hyperkalemia?

I-Hyperkalemia yenzeka lapho amazinga e-potassium egazini lakho ephakeme kakhulu. Kunezimbangela eziningana ze-hyperkalemia, kepha izimbangela ezintathu eziyinhloko yilezi:

• ukuthatha i-potassium eningi kakhulu
• ukushintshwa kwe-potassium ngenxa yokwehla kwegazi noma ukoma
• ukungakwazi ukukhipha i-potassium ngezinso zakho kahle ngenxa yesifo sezinso

Ukuphakama kwamanga kwe-potassium kuvame ukubonwa emiphumeleni yelabhu. Lokhu kwaziwa njenge-pseudohyperkalemia. Lapho othile enofundo oluphakeme lwe-potassium, udokotela uzokuhlola kabusha ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi yinani langempela.

Imithi ethile ingadala amazinga aphezulu we-potassium. Lokhu kuvame ukubekwa esimeni somuntu onesifo esibi noma esingapheliyo sezinso.

2. Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo ze-hyperkalemia?

Kunezinketho eziningi zokwelashwa kwe-hyperkalemia. Okokuqala, udokotela wakho uzoqinisekisa ukuthi i-hyperkalemia ayibanga nanoma yiziphi izinguquko zenhliziyo ngokwenza i-EKG. Uma uhlakulela isigqi senhliziyo esingazinzile ngenxa yamazinga aphakeme e-potassium, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ukwelashwa kwe-calcium ukuze uzinze isigqi senhliziyo yakho.

Uma kungekho zinguquko zenhliziyo, kungenzeka udokotela wakho akunikeze i-insulin elandelwa ukumnika i-glucose. Lokhu kusiza ukwehlisa amazinga e-potassium ngokushesha.

Ukulandela lokhu, udokotela wakho angase asikisele umuthi wokususa i-potassium emzimbeni wakho. Izinketho zifaka umuthi we-loop noma we-thiazide diuretic noma umuthi we-cation exchanger. Ama-cation exchangers atholakalayo yi-patiromer (Veltassa) noma i-sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma).

3. Yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso se-hyperkalemia?

Ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu zokuxwayisa nge-hyperkalemia. Abantu abane-hyperkalemia emnene noma elinganiselayo kungenzeka bangabi nazimpawu zesimo.

Uma othile enoshintsho oluphakeme ngokwanele emazingeni e-potassium, angathola ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukukhathala, noma isicanucanu. Abantu bangaba nezinguquko zenhliziyo ze-EKG ezibonisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-arrhythmia.

4. Ngazi kanjani ukuthi ngine-hyperkalemia enamandla?

Uma une-hyperkalemia enamandla, izimpawu zifaka ukubuthakathaka kwemisipha noma ukukhubazeka nokunciphisa ukucabanga kwethenda. I-Hyperkalemia nayo ingadala ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. Uma i-hyperkalemia yakho idala izinguquko zenhliziyo, uzothola ukwelashwa khona manjalo ukugwema isigqi senhliziyo esingahle siholele ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo.

5. Yini okufanele ngiyifake ekudleni kwami ​​ukusiza ukwehlisa i-potassium?

Uma une-hyperkalemia, odokotela bazokweluleka ukuthi ugweme ukudla okuthile okune-potassium eningi. Ungaqinisekisa futhi ukuthi uphuza amanzi amaningi. Ukwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni kungenza i-hyperkalemia ibe yimbi kakhulu.

Akukho ukudla okuthile okuzokwehlisa izinga lakho le-potassium, kodwa kukhona ukudla okuqukethe amazinga aphansi we-potassium. Isibonelo, ama-apula, amajikijolo, ukholifulawa, ilayisi kanye ne-pasta konke ukudla okune-potassium ephansi. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhawulela osayizi bezabelo zakho lapho udla lokhu kudla.

6. Yikuphi ukudla okufanele ngikugweme?

Kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi uyakugwema ukudla okune-potassium eningi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izithelo ezifana nobhanana, ama-kiwis, umango, i-cantaloupe namawolintshi. Imifino ephezulu ye-potassium ihlanganisa isipinashi, utamatisi, amazambane, i-broccoli, ama-beet, ama-avocado, izaqathe, u-squash nobhontshisi we-lima.

Futhi, izithelo ezomisiwe, izimila zasolwandle, amantongomane, nenyama ebomvu kubucebe nge-potassium. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza uhlu oluphelele lokudla okuphezulu kwe-potassium.

7. Ziyini izingozi ze-hyperkalemia engalashwa?

I-Hyperkalemia engalashwa kahle ingaholela ku-arrythmia yenhliziyo ebucayi. Lokhu kungaholela ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo nasekufeni.

Uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi imiphumela yakho yelebhu ikhombisa i-hyperkalemia, kufanele uthole ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho uzohlola futhi amazinga akho e-potassium ukukhipha i-pseudohyperkalemia. Kepha uma une-hyperkalemia, udokotela wakho uzoqhubeka nokwelashwa ukwehlisa amazinga akho e-potassium phansi.

8. Ngabe kukhona okunye ukushintsha kwempilo engingakwenza ukuvimbela i-hyperkalemia?

Ukwenzeka kwe-hyperkalemia ngaphakathi kweningi labantu kuphansi. Iningi labantu lingadla ukudla okunothe nge-potassium noma kube yimithi ngaphandle kokuthi amazinga e-potassium akhuphuke. Abantu abasengozini enkulu ye-hyperkalemia yilabo abanesifo esibi noma esingapheliyo sezinso.

Ungasivimbela isifo sezinso ngokuhola impilo enempilo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukulawula umfutho wegazi, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukugwema imikhiqizo kagwayi, ukunciphisa utshwala nokugcina isisindo esinempilo.

U-Alana Biggers, MD, MPH, FACP, ungumfundi osizayo futhi ungumsizi kaprofesa wezokwelapha e-University of Illinois-Chicago (UIC) College of Medicine, lapho athola khona iziqu ze-MD. Ubuye abe ne-Master of Health Public ngezifo ezingalapheki zezifo ezivela eTulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine futhi waqeda ubudlelwane bezempilo bomphakathi eCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). UDkt Biggers unentshisekelo ocwaningweni lokungalingani kwezempilo futhi njengamanje unesibonelelo se-NIH sokucwaninga ngesifo sikashukela nokulala.