Ukuqonda Izimpawu ze-Asperger Kubantu Abadala

-Delile

• Yini i-Asperger's syndrome?
• Yiziphi izimpawu eziphambili ze-Asperger kubantu abadala?
• Izimpawu ezingokomzwelo nezokuziphatha
• Izimpawu zokuxhumana
• Ezinye izimpawu
• Izimpawu ezinhle
• I-Asperger’s itholakala kanjani kubantu abadala?
• Izindlela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angazicabangela zifaka:
• I-Asperger’s iphathwa kanjani kubantu abadala?
• Ukuthatha

Yini i-Asperger's syndrome?

I-Asperger's syndrome iwuhlobo lwe-autism.

I-Asperger's syndrome kwakuyisifo esiyingqayizivele esihlonziwe esisohlwini lwe-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) kuze kube unyaka wezi-2013, lapho zonke izinhlobo ze-autism zahlanganiswa ngaphansi kwesifo esisodwa sesambulela, i-autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Odokotela abaningi basasebenzisa igama elithi Asperger syndrome, noma i-Asperger's, kodwa konke ukuxilongwa kwe-autism sekuyi-ASD manje.

Abantu abane-Asperger's syndrome bangaba nokuhlakanipha okuphezulu futhi babe ngcono kunamakhono omlomo ajwayelekile. I-Asperger’s ibhekwa njengendlela esebenza kakhulu ye-autism.

Yiziphi izimpawu eziphambili ze-Asperger kubantu abadala?

Iningi labantu abadala abane-AS linokubambezeleka okuncane kokuqonda noma kolimi. Eqinisweni, ungahle ube nokuhlakanipha okungaphezu kwesilinganiso. Kodwa-ke, abantu abadala abane-AS bangathola ezinye izimpawu. Eziningi zalezi zingathinta kakhulu impilo yansuku zonke.

Abekho abantu ababili abahlangabezana ne-AS ngendlela efanayo. Ungaba nezimbalwa zalezi zimpawu, noma ungazithola zonke ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene.

Izimpawu ze-ASD esebenza kahle kubantu abadala zingahlukaniswa ngezindawo ezintathu:

Izimpawu ezingokomzwelo nezokuziphatha

• Ukuziphatha okuphindaphindwayo. Ukuziphatha okuphindaphindwayo kuyisifo esivamile se-ASD. Lokhu kungafaka ukwenza into efanayo njalo ekuseni ngaphambi komsebenzi, ukuphotha okuthile izikhathi ezithile, noma ukuvula umnyango ngendlela ethile. Ukuthi uhlanganyela kulolu hlobo lokuziphatha akusho ukuthi une-AS - okunye ukuphazamiseka kungaholela nakukuziphatha.
• Ukungakwazi ukuqonda izindaba ezingokomzwelo. Abantu abane-AS bangaba nobunzima lapho becelwa ukuthi bahumushe izingqinamba zenhlalo nezomzwelo, ezinjengosizi noma ukukhungatheka. Izinkinga ezingekho emthethweni - okungukuthi, izinto ezingabonakali - zingavimbela izindlela zakho ezinengqondo zokucabanga.
• Ukugxila komuntu wokuqala. Abantu abadala abane-AS bangaba nobunzima ukubona umhlaba ngombono womunye umuntu. Ungaba nobunzima bokuphendula ezenzweni, emagameni, nasekuziphatheni ngozwela noma ngokukhathazeka.
• Ukusabela ngokweqile kwemizwa. Yize kungenzi ngamabomu ngaso sonke isikhathi, abantu abadala abane-AS bangabhekana nobunzima bokubhekana nezimo ezingokomzwelo, imizwa yokukhungatheka, noma izinguquko kuphethini. Lokhu kungaholela ekuqhumeni okungokomzwelo.
• Impendulo engajwayelekile ezenzweni zezinzwa. Lokhu kungaba yi-hypersensitivity (ukuzwela ngokweqile) noma i-hyposensitivity (ukuzwela ngaphansi) kokuzwa. Izibonelo zifaka ukuthinta ngokweqile abantu noma izinto, uncamela ukuba sebumnyameni, noma izinto ezinuka ngamabomu.

Izimpawu zokuxhumana

• Ubunzima bezenhlalo. Abantu abane-AS bangabhekana nobunzima bokuxhumana nabantu. Ungahle ungakwazi ukuqhuba izingxoxo "ezincane."
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma. Akuyona into engavamile kubantu abadala abane-AS ukuthi babe "nokuqina" (kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi "i-robotic") noma inkulumo ephindaphindwayo. Ungaba nobunzima bokulinganisela izwi lakho ezindaweni. Isibonelo, awukwazi ukwehlisa izwi lakho esontweni noma kumtapo wezincwadi.
• Amakhono akhethekile womlomo. Abantu abadala abane-AS bangase babe namakhono ajwayelekile okuqina okukhuluma. Lokhu kungahumushela kumakhono amakhulu olwazi lwamagama, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni onentshisekelo kuzo.
• Ngaphansi kwesilinganiso samakhono wokukhuluma. Abantu abadala abane-AS kungenzeka bangacabangi ngokungaqondile okuvela kwabanye, njengokuthinta izandla, ukubukeka kobuso, noma ukukhuluma komzimba.
• Ukungabi nokuxhumana kwamehlo. Lapho ukhuluma nomunye umuntu, ungahle ungamthinti iso.

Ezinye izimpawu

• Ubulukhuni. Ubunzima bokuxhumanisa izimoto buphakathi kwabantu abadala abane-ASD. Lezi zinkinga zamakhono ezimoto zingakhombisa njengobunzima ekwenzeni imisebenzi efana nokuhlala noma ukuhamba kahle. Amakhono amahle emoto, njengokuhlanganisa izicathulo noma ukuvula imvilophu, nawo angathinteka.
• Ukuqaphela. Akuvamile ukuthi abantu babe ne-hyperfocus njengophawu lwe-AS. Imvamisa ibheke esihlokweni esithile. Bangaba nokuqonda okujulile nesilulumagama esikhulu esihlobene nalesi sihloko. Bangaphikelela nokuthi bakhulume ngayo lapho behlanganyela nabanye.

Izimpawu ezinhle

Abantu abane-AS nabo bangathola izimpawu ezingathathwa njengezuzisayo noma eziwusizo.

Isibonelo, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, abantu abadala abane-AS bavame ukuba nekhono elimangalisayo lokugxila. Ungahle ukwazi ukugxila enkingeni noma enkingeni, ikakhulukazi uma ikujabulisa, isikhathi eside.

Ngokufanayo, ukunaka kwakho imininingwane kungakwenza uphumelele ngokumangalisayo ekuxazululeni izinkinga.

I-Asperger’s itholakala kanjani kubantu abadala?

Njengamanje, asikho isivivinyo esithile esingathola i-Asperger's syndrome kubantu abadala. Azikho izindlela zokuxilonga zamanje ze-Asperger's syndrome kubantu abadala noma.

Izinkinga ze-Autism spectrum zivame ukutholakala zisencane. Kuya ngokuya kujwayelekile ukuthi ufinyelele ebudaleni ngaphandle kokuxilongwa nge-autism uma ukhombisa izimpawu noma izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka.

Uma ukholwa ukuthi une-autism spectrum disorder, xoxa ngezimpawu zakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ungathunyelwa kuchwepheshe, ofana nodokotela wezengqondo noma wezifo zengqondo, okwazi ukuhlola ukuziphatha nezimpawu zakho, futhi akusize ukunquma ukuthi unayo yini i-AS noma enye i-ASD.

Izindlela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angazicabangela zifaka:

• Ukubukwa komphakathi. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angakubuza ngempilo yakho yezenhlalo. Bafuna ukuhlola amakhono akho okuxhumana nabantu nokuxhumana kwakho nabanye. Lokhu kungabasiza bakwazi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu zakho zithinta kangakanani le ndawo yempilo yakho.
• Izinkinga zomzimba. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzofuna ukunquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kunezimo zezempilo ezingabangela izimpawu zakho.
• Ezinye izimo. Abantu abane-AS bavame ukuzwa ukukhathazeka, ukudangala, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle. Eqinisweni, i-AS ingahle itholwe ngokungeyikho njengenye yalezi zimo.Lapho uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe ekwazi ukukuhlola, noma kunjalo, maningi amathuba okuthi uthole ukuxilongwa okufanele.

I-Asperger's syndrome ayisafakiwe kuhlelo olusha lwe-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Uma une-Asperger's syndrome, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo usengasebenzisa igama elithi Asperger syndrome noma i-Asperger's. Kodwa-ke, ukuxilongwa kwakho kuzoba yi-autism spectrum disorder.

I-Asperger’s iphathwa kanjani kubantu abadala?

Alikho ikhambi le-Asperger's syndrome. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasiza abantu abadala abane-autism ukuthi babhekane nezimpawu nobunzima.

• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo. Umelaphi angakusiza ubhekane neminye yemiphumela engokomzwelo ye-autism, njengokuhlukaniswa nabantu kanye nokukhathazeka. Futhi zingakusiza ukuthi ufunde amakhono amasha okuxhumana nabantu ngakho ukuzibandakanya nabanye uzizwa ulula futhi ungakhungatheki.
• Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo. Udokotela wezifo zokukhuluma angasebenza nawe ukuze afunde ukulawula izwi nokushintshashintsha kwezwi.
• Ukwelashwa kwamakhono. Iningi labantu abadala abane-autism bayakwazi futhi ukugcina imisebenzi yesikhathi esigcwele, ephumelelayo. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangabhekana nobunzima obuhlobene nomsebenzi. Uchwepheshe wezandla angakusiza ekutholeni izixazululo zezinkinga obhekene nazo emsebenzini ukuze uqhubeke nokuphumelela.
• Imithi. Lapho usumdala, imishanguzo kadokotela ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimpawu zomuntu ngamunye, njengokukhathazeka noma ukungasebenzi kahle. Abanye abahlinzeki bezempilo bangaphinde banikeze imishanguzo yokuzama ukunciphisa izimpawu ze-AS. Le mithi ifaka phakathi izikhuthazi, ama-antipsychotic, kanye ne-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

Ukuthatha

Abantu abadala abane-Asperger's syndrome bangathola izimpawu ezifana nokuthi:

• ukuxhumana okungathandeki komphakathi
• ubunzima bokukhuluma nabanye
• ukwehluleka ukutolika ukuziphatha okungasho lutho kwabanye

Ungase futhi usebenzise izindlela zokuziphatha eziphindaphindwayo futhi wakhe i-hyperfocus kumikhuba nasemithethweni.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abadala abane-AS bavame ukuba namakhono aqinile wokuqonda namakhono wesilulumagama. Unaka kakhulu imininingwane futhi ungagxila isikhathi esengeziwe.

Ngenkathi iningi labantu abane-Asperger's syndrome noma i-autism spectrum disorder lizotholakala liyizingane, abanye abantu abadala ngeke basithole isisombululo sezimpawu zabo kuze kube sebekhulile.

Ngokuxilongwa kwe-Asperger's syndrome, ungathola izindlela zokwelashwa ezizokusiza ukuba ubhekane nanoma yiziphi izinselelo obhekana nazo futhi uphile impilo enempilo, ekhiqizayo egculisayo nejabulisayo.