I-Asthma ne-COPD: Ungawutshela Kanjani Umehluko

-Delile

• Ubudala
• Izimbangela
• Isifuba Somoya
• I-COPD
• Izimbangela ezahlukahlukene
• Isifuba Somoya
• I-COPD
• Izimpawu
• Ama-comorbidities
• Ukwelashwa
• Isifuba Somoya
• Umbono

Kungani i-asthma ne-COPD zivame ukudideka

Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary pulmonary disease (COPD) yigama elijwayelekile elichaza izifo zokuphefumula eziqhubekayo ezifana ne-emphysema ne-bronchitis engamahlalakhona. I-COPD ibonakala ngokuncipha kokuhamba komoya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanye nokuvuvukala kwezicubu ezihamba emoyeni.

I-asthma ivame ukubhekwa njengesifo esihlukile sokuphefumula, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuyiphutha nge-COPD. Laba bobabili banezimpawu ezifanayo. Lezi zimpawu zifaka ukukhwehlela okungapheli, ukuvunguza, nokuphefumula okuncane.

Ngokusho kwe (NIH), abantu baseMelika abangaba yizigidi ezingama-24 bane-COPD. Cishe uhhafu wabo awazi ukuthi unawo. Ukunaka izimpawu - ikakhulukazi kubantu ababhemayo, noma abasetshenziselwa ukubhema - kungasiza labo abane-COPD ukuthola ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kungabalulekile ekugcineni umsebenzi wamaphaphu kubantu abane-COPD.

Mayelana nabantu abane-COPD nabo banesifuba somoya. I-asthma ibhekwa njengengozi yokuthuthukisa i-COPD. Ithuba lakho lokuthola lokhu kuxilongwa okubili liyakhula njengoba ukhula.

I-asthma ne-COPD kungabonakala kufana, kepha ukubhekisisa lezi zinto ezilandelayo kungakusiza ukuthi wazi umehluko phakathi kwalezi zimo ezimbili.

Ubudala

Ukuvinjelwa komoya kwenzeka ngazo zombili izifo. Iminyaka yokwethulwa kokuqala imvamisa iyisici esihlukanisa phakathi kwe-COPD ne-asthma.

Abantu abane-asthma bavame ukutholakala njengezingane, njengoba kuphawulwe nguDkt. Neil Schachter, umqondisi wezokwelapha womnyango wezokunakekelwa kokuphefumula weSibhedlela iMount Sinai eNew York. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimpawu ze-COPD zivame ukuvela kuphela kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ababhemayo njengamanje noma bangaphambili, ngokusho kwe-.

Izimbangela

Izimbangela ze-asthma ne-COPD zihlukile.

Isifuba Somoya

Ochwepheshe abaqiniseki ukuthi kungani abanye abantu beba nesifuba somoya, kanti abanye abasitholi. Kungenzeka ukuthi kudalwe inhlanganisela yezici zemvelo nezizuzwe njengefa (zofuzo). Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuchayeka ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinto (i-allergen) kungadala ukungezwani komzimba. Lokhu kuyehluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ezinye izimbangela ze-asthma ezivamile zifaka phakathi: impova, izibungu zothuli, isikhunta, izinwele zezilwane, izifo zokuphefumula, ukuvivinya umzimba, umoya obandayo, intuthu, eminye imishanguzo efana ne-beta blockers ne-aspirin, ingcindezi, ama-sulfite kanye nezivimbelakuvunda ezifakwe kokunye ukudla neziphuzo, kanye ne-gastroesophageal isifo se-reflux (GERD).

I-COPD

Isizathu esaziwayo seCOPD emazweni athuthukile ukubhema. Emazweni asathuthuka, kubangelwa ukuvezwa intuthu evela kuphethiloli oshisayo wokupheka nokushisa. Ngokusho kweMayo Clinic, amaphesenti angama-20 kuya kwangama-30 abantu ababhemayo njalo abahlakulela i-COPD. Ukubhema nentuthu kuyacasula amaphaphu, kubangele amashubhu we-bronchial namasaka omoya alahlekelwe ukunwebeka kwawo kwemvelo futhi anwebe ngokweqile, okushiya umoya ubhajwe emaphashini lapho uphuma.

Cishe iphesenti elilodwa labantu abane-COPD baba nesifo ngenxa yesifo sofuzo esidala amazinga aphansi eprotheni abizwa nge-alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAt). Le protein isiza ukuvikela amaphaphu. Ngaphandle kwawo ngokwanele, ukulimala kwamaphaphu kwenzeka kalula, hhayi kubantu ababhemayo besikhathi eside kuphela kodwa nasezinganeni nasezinganeni ezingakaze zibheme.

Izimbangela ezahlukahlukene

Ububanzi bezimbangela ezibangela ukusabela kwe-COPD kuqhathaniswa ne-asthma nakho kuhlukile.

Isifuba Somoya

I-asthma ivame ukwenziwa yimbi kakhulu ngokuvezwa kokulandelayo:

• ama-allergen
• umoya obandayo
• ukuzivocavoca umzimba

I-COPD

Ukuqiniswa kweCOPD kubangelwa kakhulu izifo ezithinta ukuphefumula ezifana ne-pneumonia nomkhuhlane. I-COPD nayo ingenziwa ibe yimbi kakhulu ngokuvezwa ukungcola kwemvelo.

Izimpawu

Izimpawu ze-COPD ne-asthma zibukeka zifana ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi ukuphefumula okwenzeka kuzo zombili izifo. Ukuphendula ngokweqile kwe-Airway (lapho izindiza zakho zizwela kakhulu ezintweni ozihogelayo) isici esivamile sobabili i-asthma ne-COPD.

Ama-comorbidities

Ama-comorbidities yizifo nezimo onazo ngaphezu kwesifo esikhulu. Ama-comorbidities we-asthma ne-COPD nawo afana ngokufanayo. Kubandakanya:

• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• ukuhamba kahle
• ukuqwasha
• sinusitis
• migraine
• ukudana
• izilonda zesisu
• umdlavuza

Omunye uthole ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-20 abane-COPD banezimo ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ze-comorbid.

Ukwelashwa

Isifuba Somoya

Isifuba somoya yisimo sezokwelapha sesikhathi eside kepha yiso esingalawulwa ngokwelashwa okufanele. Ingxenye eyodwa enkulu yokwelashwa ifaka phakathi ukuqaphela izimbangela zakho ze-asthma nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuzigwema. Kubalulekile futhi ukunaka ukuphefumula kwakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi imithi yakho yansuku zonke yesifuba somoya isebenza kahle. Imithi ejwayelekile yesifo somoya ihlanganisa:

• imithi yokusiza ngokushesha (ama-bronchodilators) njengama-agonists asebenza okwesikhashana, i-ipratropium (i-Atrovent), kanye ne-corticosteroids yomlomo neyomjovo
• imithi yokungezwani komzimba njenge-allergy shots (i-immunotherapy) ne-omalizumab (i-Xolair)
• imithi yesikhathi eside yokulawulwa kwesifuba somoya njengama-corticosteroids ahogelwe ngaphakathi, ama-leukotriene modifiers, ama-beta agonists asebenza isikhathi eside, ama-inhalers ahlanganayo kanye ne-theophylline
• i-bronchial thermoplasty

I-bronchial thermoplasty ifaka ukufudumeza ingaphakathi lamaphaphu nezindlela zomoya nge-electrode. Iyancipha imisipha ebushelelezi ngaphakathi kwe-airways. Lokhu kunciphisa amandla womoya wokuqinisa, okwenza kube lula ukuphefumula futhi mhlawumbe kunciphise ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya.

Umbono

Kokubili i-asthma ne-COPD yizimo zesikhathi eside ezingalapheki, kepha ukubukwa ngakunye kuyahlukahluka. Isifuba somoya sivama ukulawulwa kalula nsuku zonke. Ngenkathi i-COPD iba yimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngenkathi abantu abane-asthma ne-COPD bevame ukuba nezifo impilo yonke, kwezinye izimo zesifuba somoya sobuntwana, lesi sifo sihamba ngokuphelele ngemuva kobuntwana. Zombili iziguli ze-asthma ne-COPD zinganciphisa izimpawu zazo futhi zivimbele izinkinga ngokunamathela ezinhlelweni zabo zokwelashwa ezibekiwe.