I-Ataxia: kuyini, izimbangela, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izinhlobo ze-ataxia
• Izimbangela eziyinhloko
• Izimpawu ze-Ataxia
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Ataxia yigama elibhekisa kusethi yezimpawu ezivezwa, ikakhulukazi, ngokuntuleka kokuxhumana kokuhamba kwezingxenye ezihlukene zomzimba. Lesi simo singaba nezimbangela eziningana, njengezinkinga ze-neurodegenerative, i-cerebral palsy, ukutheleleka, izici zofuzo, ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni, ukungasebenzi kahle futhi kungavela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa noma utshwala, ngokwesibonelo.

Ngokuvamile, umuntu one-ataxia unenkinga yokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, njengokucosha izinto nokufaka izinkinobho zokugqoka, futhi angaba nobunzima bokugwinya, ukubhala nokukhuluma okungahambi kahle, noma kunjalo, ukuqina kwezimpawu kuncike kuhlobo lwe-ataxia nezimbangela ezihambisanayo.

I-ataxia engalapheki ayinakhambi, kepha ingalawulwa ukukhuphula izinga lomuntu lokuphila. Ngakho-ke, lapho wethula izimpawu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uthintane nodokotela wezinzwa ukuqala ukwelashwa okufanele, okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kanye nokwelashwa okusebenzayo.

Izinhlobo ze-ataxia

I-Ataxia ihlotshaniswa nokuvela kwezimpawu eziningana ezingahluka ngokuya ngohlobo. Izinhlobo ze-ataxia yilezi:

• I-cerebellar ataxia: kwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwe-cerebellum, okungabangelwa ukopha ebuchosheni, isimila, ukutheleleka noma izingozi;
• I-ataxia kaFriedReich: luhlobo oluvame kakhulu, olungelofuzo, oluvela ikakhulukazi ebusheni futhi lubangele ukukhubazeka ezinyaweni nakuma-curvature emgogodleni;
• ​Spinocerebellar ataxia: isikhathi esiningi, lolu hlobo luvela ebudaleni futhi lubangele ukuqina kwemisipha, ukulahleka kwememori, ukungasebenzi komchamo nokulahleka kombono okuqhubekayo;
• I-Telangiectasia ataxia: futhi luhlobo lwefa, noma kunjalo akuvamile, ukukwazi ukuqala ebuntwaneni nokukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imvamisa, umuntu onalolu hlobo lwe-ataxia unamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka;
• ​I-ataxia ebucayi noma ezwelayo: kubangelwa ukulimala kwezinzwa ezenza umuntu angazizwa lapho imilenze yakhe ihlobene nomzimba.

Kukhona nohlobo lwe-ataxia olubizwa nge-idiopathic, olubonakala lapho izimbangela zingaziwa futhi, ngokuvamile, zenzeka kubantu abadala.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko

I-Ataxia ingenzeka kunoma ngubani ngaphandle kwesizathu esiqondile, noma kunjalo, ezimweni eziningi, ibonakala ngenxa yezici zofuzo, okungukuthi, izibonakalisa ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo ezinesici, ezidluliselwa zisuka kubazali ziye ezinganeni, ezingaba zimbi kakhulu zisuka kwesinye isizukulwane ziye kwesinye.

Kunezinhlobo ezithile ze-ataxia ezidalwa yizimo ezithile, njengokuhlinzwa kobuchopho, isimila noma ukulimala ekhanda, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa noma utshwala, ukuvezwa kwezinto ezinobuthi, ukutheleleka okunzima, isifo sohlangothi nezinye izinkinga ze-neurodegenerative, njenge-cerebral palsy noma i-sclerosis multiple, okuyisifo esizimele lapho amaseli ezokuvikela ehlasela khona isimiso sezinzwa. Qonda ukuthi yini i-multiple sclerosis, izimpawu eziyinhloko nokwelashwa.

Izimpawu ze-Ataxia

Izimpawu ze-ataxia ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngohlobo nobukhulu besifo noma ukulimala kohlelo lwezinzwa, kepha ezimweni eziningi zingavela:

• Ukungabi nokuxhumana ekuhambeni komzimba;
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, ukuwa kaningi kungenzeka;
• Kunzima ukucosha izinto nokucofa izingubo;
• Ukuhamba kwamehlo okungajwayelekile;
• Kunzima ukugwinya;
• Kunzima ukubhala;
• Ukudlidlizela ngokweqile;
• Inkulumo efingqiwe noma edidayo.

Ezimweni ze-ataxia engalapheki, engalapheki, izimpawu ezinjengezifo eziphindaphindayo, izinkinga zangemuva kanye nesifo senhliziyo ngenxa yokwehla kwemithambo yegazi kungavela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ataxia nezimpawu ezihambisanayo zingavela kunoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngoba kunamacala lapho umuntu ezalwa nalolu shintsho.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Lapho wethula i-ataxia nezimpawu ezihambisanayo, kubalulekile ukuthi uthintane nodokotela wezinzwa ozocubungula umlando wezempilo womuntu nomndeni wonke, ukubheka ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi lo muntu abe nezinguquko zofuzo nezofuzo. Udokotela futhi angancoma ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa ukukhomba izinkinga ngokunyakaza komzimba, ukubona noma ukukhuluma.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, okunye ukunconywa kunganconywa, njengokufanekiswa kwamagnetic resonance kanye ne-computed tomography, okunikeza izithombe eziningiliziwe zobuchopho futhi ngalezi zivivinyo udokotela angabheka ubukhona bezilonda nezicubu zobuchopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wezinzwa angacela ukuthi umuntu enze ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngisho nokubhoboza isikhumba, ukuze aqoqe isampula ketshezi elizungeza ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluzohlaziywa elabhoratri. Bheka kabanzi ukuthi yini ukubhoboza i-lumbar nokuthi iyini imiphumela emibi.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-ataxia kuya ngohlobo nobukhulu besifo, kuboniswa ngudokotela wezinzwa ongakweluleka ngokusetshenziswa kwamakhambi we-antispasmodic and relaxing, njenge-baclofen ne-tizanidine, noma, imijovo botox ukudambisa ukusikwa kwemisipha okubangelwa izinguquko zobuchopho ezibangelwa i-ataxia.

Ekwelapheni i-ataxia kubalulekile futhi ukuthi umuntu enze izivivinyo ze-physiotherapy ukwehlisa ukunyakaza komzimba okungahambelani nokuvikela ukubuthaka kwemisipha noma ukuqina kwemisipha, inani lamaseshini ngokuya ngezinga lesifo futhi kunconywa yi-physiotherapist.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukuthi umuntu one-ataxia athole ukwelashwa emsebenzini, ngoba lo msebenzi ungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuzimela komuntu siqu, usize umuntu ukuthi ajwayele ukulahleka kokuhamba kancane kancane, ngokuthola amakhono amasha okwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.