I-Atrial Flutter

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu ze-atrial flutter?
• Yini ebangela i-atrial flutter?
• Isifo semithambo yegazi
• Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile
• Ngubani osengozini ye-atrial flutter?
• Itholakala kanjani i-atrial flutter?
• Iphathwa kanjani i-atrial flutter?
• Imithi
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha
• Yini engalindelwa esikhathini eside esizayo?
• Q:
• A:

Ukubuka konke

I-Atrial flutter (AFL) uhlobo lokushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile, noma i-arrhythmia. Kwenzeka lapho amakamelo aphezulu enhliziyo yakho eshaya ngokushesha okukhulu. Lapho amakamelo aphezulu enhliziyweni yakho (i-atria) eshaya ngokushesha kunalawo aphansi (ama-ventricles), kubangela ukuthi isigqi senhliziyo yakho singavumelani.

I-Atrial flutter iyisimo esifanayo ne-atrial fibrillation ejwayelekile (AFib).

Ziyini izimpawu ze-atrial flutter?

Imvamisa, umuntu one-AFL akakuzwa ukundindizela kwenhliziyo yakhe. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela nangezinye izindlela. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• uzizwe unekhanda elincane noma uqulekile
• ingcindezi noma ukuqina esifubeni
• isiyezi noma ikhanda elikhanyayo
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• unenkinga yokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngenxa yokukhathala

Ukucindezeleka kuphakamisa nokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, futhi kungakhuphula izimpawu ze-AFL. Lezi zimpawu ze-AFL zivamile kwezinye izimo eziningi. Ukuba nesinye noma eziningi zalezi zimpawu akusona isibonakaliso se-AFL ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izimpawu zivame ukuhlala izinsuku, noma amasonto, ngasikhathi.

Yini ebangela i-atrial flutter?

I-pacemaker yemvelo (i-sinus node) ilawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho. Itholakala e-atrium elungile. Ithumela izimpawu zikagesi kuyo yomibili i-atria yangakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele. Lezo zimpawu zitshela phezulu kwenhliziyo ukuthi ingasayina kanjani futhi nini.

Uma une-AFL, i-node yesinus ithumela isignali kagesi. Kepha ingxenye yesiginali ihamba iluphu eqhubekayo ngasendleleni ezungeze i-atrium yangakwesokudla. Lokhu kwenza isivumelwano se-atria sisheshe, okwenza i-atria ishaye ngokushesha kunama-ventricles.

Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okujwayelekile ukushaya okungu-60 kuya kwayi-100 ngomzuzu (bpm). Abantu abane-AFL banezinhliziyo ezishaya ngo-250 kuya ku-300 bpm.

Izinto eziningana zingadala i-AFL. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

Isifo semithambo yegazi

Isifo senhliziyo siyimbangela enkulu ye-AFL. Isifo semithambo yegazi iCoronary (CAD) senzeka lapho imithambo yenhliziyo ivimba ngoqwembe.

I-cholesterol namafutha anamathela ezindongeni zomthambo kubangela uqweqwe. Lokhu kubambezela noma kuvimbele ukujikeleza kwegazi. Kungalimaza imisipha yenhliziyo, amakamelo, nemithambo yegazi.

Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile

Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile kungayilimaza inhliziyo. Lokhu kungavimbela amasiginali kagesi, angaholela ku-flutter ye-atrial.

Ngubani osengozini ye-atrial flutter?

Izingozi ze-AFL zifaka imishanguzo ethile, izimo ezikhona, nokukhethwa kwendlela yokuphila. Abantu abasengozini ye-atrial flutter bavame ukwenza lokhu:

• intuthu
• unesifo senhliziyo
• ngihlaselwe yisifo senhliziyo
• ube nomfutho wegazi ophakeme
• unezimo ze-valve yenhliziyo
• unesifo samaphaphu
• ube nengcindezi noma ukukhathazeka
• thatha amaphilisi okudla noma eminye imithi ethile
• uphuze ngokweqile noma uphuze ngokweqile njalo
• ngihlinzwe muva nje
• unesifo sikashukela

Itholakala kanjani i-atrial flutter?

Odokotela baqala ukusola i-AFL uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho uphumule kungaphezu kwe-100 bpm. Umlando womndeni wakho ubalulekile lapho udokotela wakho ezama ukuxilonga i-AFL. Umlando wesifo senhliziyo, izinkinga zokukhathazeka, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu konke kungathinta ubungozi bakho.

Udokotela wakho oyinhloko angakwazi ukuxilonga i-AFL. Ungase futhi uhanjiswe kudokotela wenhliziyo ukuze uyohlolwa.

Kusetshenziswa izivivinyo eziningana ukuxilonga nokuqinisekisa i-AFL:

• Ama-Echocardiograms sebenzisa i-ultrasound ukukhombisa izithombe zenhliziyo. Bangakwazi futhi ukukala ukuhamba kwegazi ngenhliziyo yakho nangemithambo yegazi.
• Ama-Electrocardiograms qopha amaphethini kagesi enhliziyo yakho.
• Izifundo ze-EP (electrophysiology) ziyindlela ehlaselayo yokuqopha isigqi senhliziyo. I-catheter ifakwa emithanjeni yezingulube zakho iye enhliziyweni yakho. Ama-electrode abese efakwa ukuqapha isigqi senhliziyo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.

Iphathwa kanjani i-atrial flutter?

Umgomo wakho omkhulu kadokotela ukubuyisela isigqi senhliziyo yakho esijwayelekile. Ukwelashwa kuya ngokuthi isimo sakho sinzima kangakanani. Ezinye izinkinga zempilo ezingaphansi nazo zingathinta ukwelashwa kwe-AFL.

Imithi

Imithi inganciphisa noma ilawule izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho. Imithi ethile ingadinga ukuhlala esibhedlela okwesikhashana ngenkathi umzimba wakho ulungisa. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka i-calcium channel blockers, i-beta-blockers, ne-digoxin.

Eminye imishanguzo ingasetshenziselwa ukuguqula isigqi se-atrial flutter sibuyele kwisigqi esijwayelekile sesono. I-Amiodarone, i-propafenone, ne-flecainide yizibonelo zalezi zinhlobo zemithi.

Ama-thinner egazi, njengama-anticoagulants omlomo angenayo i-vitamin K (ama-NOACs), angasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlwili emithanjeni yakho. Ukuvala kungadala isifo sohlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo. Abantu abane-AFL banengozi eyengeziwe yamahlule egazi.

I-Warfarin ibilokhu i-anticoagulant enikezwe ngokwesiko, kepha ama-NOAC manje ayathandwa ngoba awadingi ukubhekwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi kaningi futhi awanakho ukuhlangana kokudla okwaziwayo.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukwelashwa kwe-Ablation kusetshenziswa lapho i-AFL ingenakulawulwa ngemithi. Kubulala izicubu zenhliziyo ezidala isigqi esingajwayelekile. Ungadinga i-pacemaker ngemuva kwalokhu kuhlinzwa ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho. I-pacemaker nayo ingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuchithwa.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha

I-Cardioversion isebenzisa ugesi ukushaqisa isigqi senhliziyo sibuyele kokujwayelekile. Kubizwa nangokuthi i-defibrillation. Ama-paddles noma ama-patches asetshenziswe esifubeni abangela ukwethuka.

Yini engalindelwa esikhathini eside esizayo?

Imithi ivame ukuphumelela ekwelapheni i-AFL. Kodwa-ke, isimo kwesinye isikhathi singaphinde sivele ngemuva kokwelashwa ngokuya ngesizathu se-AFL yakho. Unganciphisa ubungozi bokuphindeka ngokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwakho futhi uthathe imithi yakho njengoba kunqunyiwe.

Q:

Yiziphi izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuvimbela engingazithatha ukuvimbela ukukhula kwe-AFL?

A:

I-Atrial flutter iyi-arrhythmia engajwayelekile kepha ihlotshaniswa nezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezinjengokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo, ukuphuza ngokweqile, isifo sikashukela, isifo se-thyroid, noma isifo samaphaphu esingapheli. Indlela engcono yokuvimbela i-atrial flutter ukuzama ukugwema ukuthuthukisa lezi zimo kwasekuqaleni. Ukulondoloza indlela yokuphila enempilo ngokudla okunomsoco nokuzivocavoca umzimba njalo, ukugwema ukuphuza ngokweqile, nokuyeka ukubhema uma ubhema kuzosiza.