I-Autism: kuyini, izimpawu, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Yini Ebangela I-Autism
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Autism, eyaziwa ngokwesayensi njenge-Autism Spectrum Disorder, iyi-syndrome ebonakala ngezinkinga kwezokuxhumana, ekuhlalisaneni nasekuziphatheni, okuvame ukutholakala ukuthi ineminyaka ephakathi kwengu-2 nengu-3 ubudala.

Lesi sifo senza ingane iveze ezinye izici ezithile, njengobunzima bokukhuluma nokuveza imibono nemizwa, ukugula phakathi kwabanye nokuxhumana okuncane kwamehlo, ngaphezu kwamaphethini aphindaphindayo nokunyakaza okunamandla, njengokuhlala isikhathi eside unyakazisa umzimba emuva njalonjalo.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu nezimpawu ze-autism zifaka:

• Ubunzima ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi, njengokuxhumana kwamehlo, ukubukeka kobuso, ukushukuma komzimba, ubunzima bokwenza abangane, ubunzima bokuveza imizwa;
• Ukulahlekelwa kwezokuxhumana, njengobunzima bokuqala noma bokugcina ingxoxo, ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindekayo kolimi;
• Izinguquko zokuziphatha, njengokuthi ungazi ukuthi ungadlala kanjani ukuzenzisa, izindlela zokuziphatha eziphindaphindwayo, ukuba "nezimfashini" eziningi nokukhombisa intshisekelo enkulu entweni ethile, njengephiko lendiza, isibonelo.

Lezi zimpawu nezimpawu zisukela kokumnene, okungabonakala nakungabonakali, kepha futhi kungaba ngokulinganisela kuya kokubi, okuphazamisa kakhulu indlela yokuziphatha kwengane nokuxhumana kwayo.

Nakhu ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-autism.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwe-autism kwenziwa udokotela wezingane noma udokotela wezifo zengqondo, ngokubheka kwengane kanye nokwenza ezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga, phakathi kweminyaka emibili kuya kwengu-3 ubudala.

Kungaqinisekiswa nge-autism, lapho ingane inezici zezindawo ezi-3 ezithintekayo kulesi sifo: ukuxhumana nomphakathi, ushintsho ekuziphatheni nokwehluleka ukuxhumana. Akudingekile ukwethula uhlu olubanzi lwezimpawu zokuthi udokotela afike ekuxilongweni, ngoba lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngamazinga ahlukene futhi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ingane ingatholakala ukuthi ine-autism emnene, ngokwesibonelo. Bheka izimpawu ze-autism emnene.

Ngakho-ke, i-autism kwesinye isikhathi ingacishe ingatholakali futhi ingadidaniswa namahloni, ukunganakwa noma ukwehluleka, njengasesimweni se-Asperger's syndrome kanye ne-autism esebenza kahle, ngokwesibonelo. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kwe-autism akulula, futhi uma kukhona okusolwayo kubalulekile ukuya kudokotela ukuze ahlole ukukhula nokuziphatha kwengane, akwazi ukukhombisa lokho anakho nokuthi kufanele akuphathe kanjani.

Yini Ebangela I-Autism

Noma iyiphi ingane ingakhula i-autism, futhi izimbangela zayo azikaziwa, yize kusenziwa ucwaningo oluningi ukuthola.

Ezinye izifundo sezivele ziyakwazi ukukhomba izici ezingaba khona zofuzo, ezingaba ngofuzo, kepha futhi kungenzeka ukuthi izici zemvelo, njengokutheleleka ngamagciwane athile, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zokudla noma ukuxhumana nezinto ezidakayo, njenge-lead ne-mercury, isibonelo kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo.

Ezinye zezimbangela ezinkulu zingafaka:

• Ukukhubazeka nokungajwayelekile kwengqondo imbangela yezakhi zofuzo, njengoba kwaphawulwa ukuthi amanye ama-autists anobuchopho obukhulu nobunzima nokuthi ukuxhumana kwemizwa phakathi kwamaseli awo kwakuntula;
• Izici zemvelo, njengemvelo yomndeni, izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma sokubeletha;
• Izinguquko zamakhemikhali umzimba obonakala ngokweqile kwe-serotonin egazini;
• Ukungajwayelekile kwe-Chromosomal okufakazelwa ukunyamalala noma ukuphindwa kwe-chromosome 16.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezifundo ezikhomba eminye imigomo noma ukushintshwa kwe-folic acid eyeqile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kodwa-ke azisekho iziphetho ezicacile ngalezi zindlela, futhi kusadingeka kwenziwe ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukucacisa lolu daba.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kuzoya ngohlobo lwe-autism ingane enalo nezinga lokukhubazeka, kepha kungenziwa nge:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi enikezwe udokotela;
• Izikhathi zokwelashwa zokuthuthukisa inkulumo nokuxhumana;
• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha ukwenza lula imisebenzi yansuku zonke;
• Ukwelashwa kweqembu ukuthuthukisa ukuzibandakanya kwengane.

Yize i-autism ingenakhambi, ukwelashwa, lapho kwenziwa ngendlela efanele, kungenza kube lula ukunakekelwa kwengane, kwenze impilo ibe lula kubazali. Ezimweni ezimnene kakhulu, ukudla umuthi akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi ingane ingahola impilo esondele kakhulu kokujwayelekile, ikwazi ukufunda nokusebenza ngaphandle kwemingcele. Bheka imininingwane eminingi nezinketho zokwelashwa kwe-autism.