I-Azotemia

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• Izinhlobo
• Ukuqamba
• Okwangaphakathi
• I-Postrenal
• Izimpawu
• Izimbangela
• Ilashwa kanjani?
• Izinkinga nokuthi uzobona nini udokotela
• Umbono

Ukubuka konke

I-Azotemia yisimo esenzeka lapho izinso zakho sezilimele izifo noma ukulimala. Uyithola lapho izinso zakho zingasakwazi ukukhipha udoti owanele we-nitrogen.

I-Azotemia ivame ukutholakala ngokusebenzisa umchamo nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Lezi zivivinyo zizohlola igazi lakho i-urea nitrogen (BUN) namazinga e-creatinine.

Izinhlobo

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-azotemia:

• prerenal
• okungaphakathi
• ngemuva

Ukuqamba

I-prerenal azotemia yenzeka lapho uketshezi lungahambi ngokwanele ngezinso. Lokhu kugeleza okuphansi koketshezi kudala izingqinamba ezisezingeni eliphakeme le-serum creatinine ne-urea. Lolu hlobo lwe-azotemia luvame kakhulu futhi lungahle lubuyiselwe emuva.

Okwangaphakathi

I-azotemia yangaphakathi ivame ukuvela ngokutheleleka, i-sepsis, noma isifo. Isizathu esivame kakhulu se-azotemia yangaphakathi yi-acute tubular necrosis.

I-Postrenal

Ukuvinjelwa kwe-urinary tract kubangela i-postrenal azotemia. I-postrenal azotemia nayo ingenzeka nge-prerenal azotemia.

Lezi zinhlobo ze-azotemia zingaba nokwelashwa okuhlukile, izimbangela, kanye nemiphumela. Kodwa-ke, ngayinye ingaholela ekulimaleni kanzima kwezinso nokwehluleka uma ishiywe ingalashwa noma uma ingatholakali kusenesikhathi.

Izimpawu

I-Azotemia ne-uremia yizinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zezimo zezinso.

I-Azotemia kulapho kune-nitrogen egazini lakho. I-Uremia yenzeka lapho kune-urea egazini lakho. Kodwa-ke, zombili zihlobene nesifo sezinso noma ukulimala.

Izikhathi eziningi, ngeke ubone noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngezinso zakho, kufaka phakathi i-azotemia, kuze kube yisikhathi sekwephuzile. Lesi sigaba sekwephuzile imvamisa lapho ukwehluleka kwezinso sekuqalile.

Izimpawu ze-azotemia zingafaka:

• ukwehluleka okukhulu kwezinso (uma i-azotemia iqhubeka nokuthuthuka isikhathi samahora noma izinsuku)
• ukulimala kanzima kwezinso
• ukulahlekelwa amandla
• ukungafuni ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini yakho ejwayelekile
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• ukugcinwa koketshezi
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza kuwuphawu lokuthi lesi sifo sesibe sibi kakhulu.

Izimbangela

Isizathu esiyinhloko se-azotemia ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi wezinso. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-azotemia, ezingavela noma zibe yingxenye yokwehluleka kwezinso, zinezimbangela ezahlukahlukene:

• lapho uketshezi olugeleza ngezinso alwanele ukususa i-nitrogen (prerenal azotemia)
• lapho umgudu we-urinary uvinjelwe okuthile noma ukuqhekeka (i-postrenal azotemia)
• ukutheleleka noma isifo (i-azotemia yangaphakathi)
• ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
• izinkinga zesifo sikashukela
• eminye imithi, ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa ze-nephrotoxic kanye nemithamo ephezulu ye-steroids
• ukukhula
• umlando wobunzima bezinso
• ukuchayeka kokushisa
• ukusha okukhulu
• ukoma komzimba
• kwehlise ivolumu yegazi
• ukuhlinzwa okuthile
• ukulimala kwezinso

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kwesinye isikhathi kungadala ne-azotemia. Izidakamizwa zeChemotherapy zinamandla futhi zingalimaza izinso zakho. Futhi kungadala inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo equkethe i-nitrogen ekhishwe amaseli omdlavuza afayo.

I-oncologist yakho izobheka izinso zakho nezinga le-ammonia ngokuhlolwa okuvamile. Uma kudingeka, udokotela wakho angakwazi ukulungisa noma ukuzama imithi ehlukile yamakhemikhali uma izinso zakho zithintekile.

Ilashwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kwe-azotemia kuncike ohlotsheni, imbangela, nokuthi sikusiphi isigaba sokuqhubeka. Unalokhu engqondweni, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingafaka:

• i-dialysis (yenqubekela-phambili yesigaba, futhi ingahle ibe yesikhashana)
• ukulethwa kwengane esimweni sokukhulelwa
• ukwelashwa kokuqala kwe-postrenal azotemia
• ukwelashwa kwesimo esingaphansi noma isifo
• uketshezi olufakwa emithanjeni
• imithi
• ushintsho emikhubeni yakho yokudla

Izinkinga nokuthi uzobona nini udokotela

Labo abanezifo zezinso noma ezinye izinkinga zezinso bangakhula i-prerenal azotemia. Ezinye izinkinga zingafaka:

• i-necrosis eqinile (lapho izicubu zomzimba ziqala ukufa)
• ukwehluleka okukhulu kwezinso
• ukulahlekelwa ukukhulelwa
• ukufa okungenzeka

I-prerenal azotemia ekukhulelweni ingadala ukulimala kanzima kwezinso futhi ifake impilo yengane nomama engcupheni.

Uma ukhulelwe futhi unomlando wesifo sezinso, kufanele wazise udokotela wakho. Uzofuna ukuthi umsebenzi wakho wezinso uhlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi nokukhulelwa kwakho.

Uma unezimpawu zesifo sezinso noma zokulimala, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha noma ushayele ku-911.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlele ama-aphoyintimenti ajwayelekile nodokotela wakho. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela wakho uzothatha ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwegazi nomchamo. Lezi zivivinyo zizobasiza ukuthi bathole noma yiziphi izinkinga ngezinso zakho kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale izimpawu zangaphandle.

Umbono

Uma ibanjwe kusenesikhathi, izinhlobo eziningi ze-azotemia ziyelapheka futhi zilawuleke. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo zempilo nokukhulelwa kungenza ukwelashwa kube nzima.

Abantu abaningi abane-azotemia banesibikezelo esihle.

Izinkinga, ezinye izinkinga zezempilo, nesifo sezinso noma ukulimala okubanjwe ngezigaba ezedlule kungenza ukuthi i-dialysis ejwayelekile idingeke. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-azotemia eshiywe ingalashwa noma enezinkinga ingadala ukufa. Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho njalo.