Yiziphi izithako zokuvikela i-sunscreen okufanele uzifune - nokuthi yiziphi okufanele zivinjelwe

-Delile

• Ukubukeka okujulile, komhlaba wonke kwezithako ezivimbela i-UV
• 1. I-Tinosorb S noM
• Amaqiniso asheshayo
  
• 2. UMexoryl SX
• Amaqiniso asheshayo
  
• 3. I-Oxybenzone
• Amaqiniso asheshayo
  
• 4. I-Octinoxate
• Amaqiniso asheshayo
  
• 5. I-Avobenzone
• Amaqiniso asheshayo
  
• 6. I-Titanium dioxide
• Amaqiniso asheshayo
  
• 7. Zinc oxide
• Amaqiniso asheshayo
  
• 8 no-9. I-PABA ne-trolamine salicylate PABA
• Amaqiniso asheshayo
  
• Kungani ukuvunywa kwesithako sesikrini selanga kuyinkimbinkimbi kangaka e-U.S.?
• Okwamanje, abasebenzisi be-sunscreen njengathi kufanele bazifundise ngezithako ze-sun kanye nezindlela zokuzivikela

Ukubukeka okujulile, komhlaba wonke kwezithako ezivimbela i-UV

Kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele uyazazi izisekelo: Isikrini selanga kuyindlela yokuvikela ukuvikela isikhumba emisebeni yelanga ye-ultraviolet (UV).

Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemisebe ye-ultraviolet, i-UVA ne-UVB, zilimaza isikhumba, zibangele ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi zandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba. Futhi le misebe ihlangana nesikhumba sakho unyaka wonke, noma ngabe liguqubele noma usendlini (eminye imisebe ye-UV ingangena ngengilazi).

Kodwa ukukhetha i-sunscreen akulula njengokuthatha noma yiliphi ibhodlela eshalofini. Akuzona zonke izithako ezivikela ilanga ezinezinzuzo ezifanayo, izingozi, noma imiyalelo.

Eqinisweni, ezinye izithako zingasiza ekuvikeleni ukusha kepha kungagugi, kanti ezinye zithathwa njengephephile kubantu, kepha hhayi imvelo.

Ngakho-ke isikhumba sakho sazi kanjani ukuthi yini okusebenzayo? Sithole umhlane wakho kuzo zonke izithako ezivunyelwe, ezivinjelwe, nezimo emhlabeni jikelele. I-FYI: Amafomu amaningi akhiwa okungenani izithako ezimbili zesihlungi se-UV.

1. I-Tinosorb S noM

Kutholakala kuma-sunscreen amakhemikhali

Esinye sezithako esithandwa kakhulu e-Europe, iTinosorb S ingavikela emisebeni ye-UVB ne-UVA, ende futhi emfushane, ikwenze kube esinye sezithako ezifanele kakhulu zokuvikela ukulimala kwelanga. I-Tinosorb ibuye isize ukuzinzisa ezinye izihlungi ze-sunscreen futhi ivunyelwe ekugxileni okungafika kumaphesenti ayi-10.

Kodwa-ke, i-FDA ayisivumanga lesi sithako ngezizathu eziningana, icaphuna, ngokusho kweNewsweek, "ukungabi nalwazi" futhi icelwa kuphela "isinqumo, hhayi ukuvunywa."

Isithako sivame ukungezwa esikrinini selanga ukuze sithuthukise ukusebenza kwaso futhi sisafanele sixhunywe kunoma yiziphi izinto ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Amaqiniso asheshayo

• Kuvunyelwe ku: Australia, Japan, Europe
• Kuvinjelwe ku: I-united states
• Okuhle kakhulu: Izinzuzo ze-antioxidants nokuvimbela ukulimala kwelanga
• Amakhorali aphephile? Akwaziwa

2. UMexoryl SX

Kutholakala kuma-sunscreen amakhemikhali

I-Mexoryl SX iyisihlungi se-UV esisetshenziswa kuma-sunscreen nakuma-lotion emhlabeni wonke. Inamakhono okuvimba imisebe ye-UVA1, okuyimisebe ye-longwave ekhuthaza ukuguga kwesikhumba.

I-A ikhombise ukuthi iyisixhumi se-UV esisebenza kahle futhi ilungele ukuvimbela ukulimala kwelanga.

Ngenkathi lesi sithako besisakazwa eYurophu kusukela ngo-1993, i-FDA ayisamukelanga lesi sithako se-L'Oréal kwaze kwaba ngu-2006. Ngokwezokwelapha, sivunyelwe abantu abadala nezingane ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala.

Yibheke nge: I-Avobenzone. Uma kuhlanganiswe ne-avobenzone, ukuvikelwa kwe-UVA kwazo zombili izithako.

Amaqiniso asheshayo

• Kuvunyelwe ku: I-United States, i-Australia, iYurophu, neJapane
• Kuvinjelwe ku: Akukho
• Okuhle kakhulu: Ukuvimbela ukulimala kwelanga
• Amakhorali aphephile? Yebo

3. I-Oxybenzone

Kutholakala kuma-sunscreen aphathekayo

I-Oxybenzone, evame ukutholakala kwizikrini zelanga ezibanzi, isiza ukuhlunga imisebe ye-UVB ne-UVA (ikakhulukazi i-UVA emfushane). Futhi singesinye sezithako esithandwa kakhulu, esitholakala kuningi lama-sunscreen emakethe yase-U.S. Futhi angenza amaphesenti ayisithupha ebhodlela.

Kodwa-ke, iHawaii isivimbile lesi sithako ngemuva kocwaningo, olwenziwe yilebhu ye-Haereticus Environmental, kutholakale ukuthi isithako sinikele ekwenzeni amakhandlela namakhorali afakwe ubuthi. Ngezizathu zemvelo, uzofuna ukugwema lesi sithako futhi ubheke ama-sunscreen "aluhlaza".

Kamuva nje, ngithole ukuthi isikhumba sethu sithatha izithako zokuvikela ilanga njenge-oxybenzone. Lokhu kubangele inqwaba yentshisekelo kuma-sunscreen “aphephile”, yize ucwaningo lubika ukuthi akukho monakalo otholakele futhi luphetha ngokuthi "le miphumela ayikhombisi ukuthi abantu kufanele bayeke ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen."

futhi uqinisekise ukuthi i-oxybenzone ayikhombisi kakhulu ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine.

Amaqiniso asheshayo

• Kuvunyelwe ku: I-United States (ngaphandle kweHawaii), Australia, Europe
• Kukhawulelwe ku: EJapan
• Okuhle kakhulu: Ukulimala kwelanga nokuvikela ukushisa
• Amakhorali aphephile? Cha, kungaphazamisa nezinhlanzi
• Isexwayiso: Izinhlobo zesikhumba ezizwelayo zizofuna ukweqa amafomula nalesi sithako

4. I-Octinoxate

Kutholakala kuma-sunscreen amakhemikhali

I-Octinoxate iyisixhumi se-UVB esivamile futhi esinamandla, okusho ukuthi siyasebenza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala kwelanga. Kuhlanganiswe ne-avobenzone, zombili zinganikeza ukuvikelwa okubanzi okubanzi kokushisa nokuguga.

Lesi sithako sivunyelwe ekwakhiweni (kufika kuma-7.5%), kepha sivinjelwe eHawaii ngenxa yezingozi zemvelo ezixhotsheni zamakhorali.

Amaqiniso asheshayo

• Kuvunyelwe ku: Izifundazwe ezithile zase-U.S., IYurophu, iJapane, ne-Australia
• Kuvinjelwe ku: IHawaii, iKey West (iFlorida), iPalau
• Okuhle kakhulu: Ukuvimbela ukushiswa yilanga
• Amakhorali aphephile? Cha, kungaphazamisa nezinhlanzi

5. I-Avobenzone

Kutholakala kuma-sunscreen amakhemikhali

I-Avobenzone ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuvimba uhla oluphelele lwemisebe ye-UVA futhi kubikwa ukuthi ‘ayizinzile’ kuma-sunscreen asemzimbeni.

Ngokwako, isithako siyazinza lapho sivezwa ukukhanya. Ukulwa nalokhu, kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izithako (njenge-mexoryl) ukuzinzisa i-avobenzone.

Emazweni amaningi, i-avobenzone isetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa ne-zinc oxide ne-titanium dioxide ikakhulukazi, kodwa e-United States, inhlanganisela ayivunyelwe.

Ngenkathi itholakala ezikrinini zemisebe ebanzi ebanzi, ivame ukuhlanganiswa namanye amakhemikhali ngoba i-avobenzone iyodwa izolahlekelwa amandla ayo okuhlunga kungakapheli ihora lapho kukhanye ukukhanya.

E-U.S., I-FDA ibona lesi sithako siphephile kepha ivimbela inani lokuhlushwa libe ngamaphesenti ama-3 ekwakhiweni kwesikrini selanga.

Amaqiniso asheshayo

• Kuvunyelwe ku: I-United States, i-Australia, ne-Europe
• Kuvinjelwe ku: Lutho; ukusetshenziswa okukhawulelwe eJapan
• Okuhle kakhulu: Ukuvimbela ukulimala kwelanga
• Amakhorali aphephile? Amazinga atholakalayo kodwa akukho monakalo otholakele

6. I-Titanium dioxide

Kutholakala kuma-sunscreen aphathekayo

Kunezithako ezimbili zesikrini selanga ngokuvamile ezaziwa njengephephile futhi esebenzayo, noma i-GRASE, yi-FDA, futhi zombili izithako zomzimba zokuvikela ilanga. (Qaphela: ilebula le-GRASE lisho nokuthi imikhiqizo ye-FDA enalezi zithako.)

Eyokuqala, i-titanium dioxide, isebenza njengesihlungi se-UV esibanzi esibanzi (yize singayivimbeli imisebe emide ye-UVA1).

I-FDA igunyaza i-titanium dioxide, futhi ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ngokuvamile iphephe kakhulu kunezinye izikrini zelanga ngokuvezwa kwesikhumba.

Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi baphinde babhale ukuthi amafomu kagesi nawokufafaza kufanele agwenywe ngoba angaba yingozi. Amanothi athi i-titanium oxide nanoparticles ngokuvezwa komlomo ihlukaniswa ngokuthi "kungenzeka kube yi-carcinogenic kubantu," okusho ukuthi kwenziwe izifundo zezilwane kuphela.

Khumbula ukuthi lesi sithako asikhawulwanga esikrinini selanga. Ingatholakala futhi ekwakhekeni kwe-SPF, izimpushana ezicindezelwe, ama-lotion, nemikhiqizo yokwenza mhlophe.

Amaqiniso asheshayo

• Kuvunyelwe ku: I-United States, i-Australia, iYurophu, neJapane
• Kuvinjelwe ku: Akukho
• Okuhle kakhulu: Ukuvimbela ukulimala kwelanga
• Amakhorali aphephile? Amazinga atholakalayo kodwa akukho monakalo otholakele
• Isexwayiso: Amafomula angashiya ukhonkolo omhlophe esikhunjeni esimnyama, futhi isithako singaba yi-carcinogenic efomini le-powder

7. Zinc oxide

Kutholakala kuma-sunscreen aphathekayo

I-Zinc oxide iyisithako sesibili sesikrini selanga se-GRASE, esivunyelwe ekugxileni kuze kufike kumaphesenti angama-25.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi luphephile, ngokungena kwesikhumba, noma ngabe kusetshenziswe kaninginingi. EYurophu, isithako sinelebula ngesixwayiso ngenxa yobuthi bayo empilweni yasemanzini. Isithako asibangeli ingozi ngaphandle kokuthi sigwinywe noma sihogelwe.

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-avobenzone ne-titanium oxide, icashunwa njengesithombe esithwebekayo, esisebenzayo, futhi esiphephile esikhunjeni esizwelayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ucwaningo luphinde luthi alusebenzi njengezivikela elangeni zamakhemikhali, futhi alusebenzi kangako ekuvikeleni ekushisweni yilanga njengoba kwenzelwa ukulimala kwelanga.

Amaqiniso asheshayo

• Kuvunyelwe ku: I-United States, i-Australia, iYurophu, neJapane
• Kuvinjelwe ku: Akukho
• Okuhle kakhulu: Ukuvimbela ukulimala kwelanga
• Amakhorali aphephile? Cha
• Isexwayiso: Ukwakheka okuthile kungashiya ukhonkolo omhlophe wamathoni wesikhumba somnqumo namnyama

8 no-9. I-PABA ne-trolamine salicylate PABA

Kutholakala kuwo womabili amakhemikhali (i-PABA) kanye nama-sun (e-trolamine) ama-sunscreen

Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-para-aminobenzoic acid, lokhu kuyisixhumi se-UVB esinamandla. Ukuthandwa kwalesi sithako kuye kwehla ngenxa yokuthi kwandisa i-dermatitis yokungezwani komzimba futhi kukhulisa ne-photosensitivity.

Ucwaningo ngezilwane lukhombise namazinga athile obuthi, okuholele iKhomishini yaseYurophu kanye ne-FDA ukukhawulela ukugxila kwefomula kumaphesenti ama-5. Kodwa-ke, iCanada ikuvimbile ukusetshenziswa kwePABA kuzimonyo ngokuphelele.

I-Trolamine salicylate, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-Tea-Salicylate, yathathwa njenge-GRASE ngonyaka we-2019, kepha iyisinciphisi se-UV esibuthakathaka. Ngenxa yalokhu, isithako sinqunyelwe kumaphesenti aso eceleni kwezinye izithako ze-GRASE.

Amaqiniso asheshayo

• Kuvunyelwe ku: I-United States (kufika ku-12-15%), e-Australia (i-trolamine salicylate kuphela), i-Europe (i-PABA ifike ku-5%), eJapan
• Kuvinjelwe ku: I-Australia (PABA), Canada (kokubili)
• Okuhle kakhulu: Ukuvikelwa yilanga
• Amakhorali aphephile? Akwaziwa

Kungani ukuvunywa kwesithako sesikrini selanga kuyinkimbinkimbi kangaka e-U.S.?

Ukwahlukaniswa kwelanga kwe-United States njengesidakamizwa kungenye yezizathu ezinkulu zokuncipha kwayo kokuvunywa. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezidakamizwa kuza ngoba umkhiqizo uthengiswa njengendlela yokuvimbela ukushiswa yilanga kanye nomdlavuza wesikhumba.

E-Australia, i-sunscreen ihlukaniswa njengeyelaphayo noma yezimonyo. Ukwelapha kubhekisa kwizikrini zokuvikela ilanga lapho ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko ukuvikela ilanga futhi kune-SPF engu-4 noma ngaphezulu. Izimonyo zibhekisa kunoma imuphi umkhiqizo ofaka i-SPF kepha akuhloselwe ukuba kube ukuphela kokuvikela kwakho. IYurophu neJapane bahlukanisa isikrini selanga njengezimonyo.

Kodwa njengoba i-FDA yathatha isikhathi eside ukwamukela izithako ezintsha (azikho esezadlula kusukela ngo-1999), iCongress yethula iSunscreen Innovation Act ngo-2014. Inhloso ukuthola ukuthi i-FDA ibuyekeze ukuvunyelwa kwabo ngemuva kwezithako ezisalinde ilanga, kufaka phakathi ezintsha ukuthi zilethwa ngemuva kokuthi isenzo sisayinwe, ngoNovemba 2019.

Ngokuya ngezinketho zesikrini selanga, abathengi abaningi baphendukele ekuthengeni i-sunscreen online kusuka kwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kungahle kungabi njalo ngenxa yezithako uqobo. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izibani zelanga zaphesheya kwezilwandle zenziwa njengezimonyo, okwenza ukuthi, kubikwa, kube mnandi kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa, mancane amathuba okushiya ukhonkolo omhlophe, futhi kunamafutha amancane.

Futhi yize kungekho emthethweni ukuthenga i-sunscreen phesheya, ukuzithenga ngabathengisi abangekho emthethweni e-Amazon kuyinkohliso. Imikhiqizo kungenzeka iphelelwe yisikhathi noma ingamanga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mikhiqizo yaphesheya kwezilwandle ingahle ibe nzima ukuyifinyelela ngemuva kokusebenza kwesiphakamiso.

Okwamanje, abasebenzisi be-sunscreen njengathi kufanele bazifundise ngezithako ze-sun kanye nezindlela zokuzivikela

Kukhona nemithetho yegolide yokusebenzisa i-sunscreen. Ukufaka isicelo njalo emahoreni amabili kubalulekile - ikakhulukazi uma ungaphandle njengoba izinombolo ze-SPF kungezona izinkomba zokuthi kufanele uhlale elangeni isikhathi esingakanani.

Ama-sunscreen asemzimbeni asebenza ngokushesha ngemuva kokufaka isicelo ngenkathi ama-sunscreen amakhemikhali ethatha imizuzu eyi-15 kuye kwengama-20 ukuqala ukusebenza.

Gwema ukwaziswa okungelona iqiniso, futhi. Imibiko kanye nocwaningo kukhombisa ukuthi ama-sunscreen e-DIY kuPinterest athandwa kakhulu, yize ama-sunscreen e-DIY engasebenzi futhi empeleni angandisa ukonakala kwesikhumba.

Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngenkathi ama-sunscreen avela kwamanye amazwe engaba yinhle ngokwedlulele, akusona isizathu sokubambela "ukuthola okungcono kakhulu" kuze kube yilapho i-FDA ibavumela. Isikrini selanga esihle kakhulu ukusisebenzisa yileso osivele usisebenzisa.

UTaylor Ramble ungumthandi wesikhumba, umbhali ozimele, nomfundi wefilimu. Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule usebenze njengombhali ozimele kanye ne-blogger egxile ezihlokweni ezisuka enhlalakahleni kuye kusiko le-pop. Uyakujabulela ukudansa, ukufunda ngokudla nangamasiko, kanye nokufukulwa. Njengamanje usebenza e-The University of Georgia's Virtual Reality Lab egxile kumthelela wokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe ekuziphatheni nasempilweni.