Umhlahlandlela Wakho Wokunikela Ngegazi Ngesikhathi seCoronavirus-nangemva kwalokho

-Delile

• Izidingo Zokunikela Ngegazi
• Ukungavunyelwa Ukunikelwa Ngegazi
• Okufanele Ukwenze Ngaphambi Kokunikela Ngegazi
• Kwenzekani Ngenkathi Unikela Ngegazi?
• Kwenzekani Ngemuva Kokunikela Ngegazi?
• Kuthiwani Ngokunikela Ngegazi Ngesikhathi seCoronavirus?
• Buyekeza kwe-

Maphakathi no-Mashi, i-American Red Cross yenza isimemezelo esiphazamisayo: Iminikelo yegazi yehle kakhulu ngenxa ye-COVID-19, okudala ukukhathazeka ngokushoda kwegazi ezweni lonke. Ngeshwa, kusenokushoda kwezinye izindawo.

"Isimo esesabekayo," kusho u-Andrea Cefarelli, umqondisi omkhulu we-New York Blood Center. "Kuhluke kancanyana endaweni ngayinye yezwe kodwa, eNew York, uhlu lwethu lubekwe ezingeni labezimo eziphuthumayo. Kunesidingo esiphuthumayo segazi lokwakha izinqolobane."

Kungani kunokuntuleka okungaka? Okokuqala, ezikhathini ezingezona eziwubhubhane, cishe amaphesenti amathathu kuphela abantu base-U.S. abafanelekela ukunikela ngegazi abakwenzayo ngempela, kusho uKathleen Grima, M.D., umqondisi omkhulu wezokwelapha we-American Red Cross. Futhi njengakamuva nje, iminikelo yegazi yehle kakhulu ngoba imishanguzo eminingi yegazi yomphakathi ikhanseliwe ngenxa yezinyathelo zokuvikela i-coronavirus (ngaphezulu kulokho okungezansi).

Futhi, awukwazi ukuqongelela igazi isikhathi eside. "Kunesidingo esiqhubekayo segazi futhi kufanele ligcwaliswe ngokuqhubekayo njengoba [le mikhiqizo] inesikhathi esilinganiselwe futhi iphelelwa yisikhathi," kusho uDkt. Grima. Impilo eshalofini yama-platelets (izingcezu zamaseli egazini ezisiza umzimba wakho wakhe amahlule ukumisa noma ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi) yizinsuku ezinhlanu kuphela, kanti ishalofu legazi elibomvu liyizinsuku ezingama-42, kusho uDkt Grima.

Ngenxa yalokhu, odokotela ezikhungweni eziningi zezokwelapha nasezibhedlela bayakhathazeka. Le nhlanganisela yezici idale ukulahleka "kwezinkulungwane zamayunithi" egazi nemikhiqizo yegazi, "esivele inselele ukutholakala kwegazi ezibhedlela eziningi," kusho uScott Scrape, MD, umqondisi wezokwelapha wezokwelapha nokumpontshelwa kwegazi e-The Ohio State University Isikhungo Sezokwelapha i-Wexner. Ngenkathi ezinye izibhedlela zikulungele ukunikezwa kwegazi okwamanje, lokho kungashintsha ngokushesha, kusho u-Emanuel Ferro, MD, udokotela wezifo kanye nomqondisi weBlood Bank, iDonor Center, neTransfusion Medicine e-MemorialCare Long Beach Medical Center eLong Beach, eCalif. “Izikhungo eziningi zokuhlinza zihlela ukuvula kabusha izinqubo esezikhanseliwe, ngenxa yalokho, sizobona ukwanda kwesidingo semikhiqizo yegazi,” usho kanje.

Yilapho ungena khona. Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa (i-FDA) kuqhubekile nokukhuthaza abantu ukuthi banikele ngegazi ngesikhathi salo bhubhane, futhi ngenkathi imishayo yegazi eminingi ikhanseliwe, izikhungo zokunikela ngegazi zihlale zivulekile phakathi nalolu bhubhane futhi zamukela ngenjabulo iminikelo .

Noma kunjalo, cishe unokukhathazeka okuthile ngokuya noma yikuphi emphakathini—ngisho noma wenzela isintu okuthile okuhle, njengokunikela ngegazi. Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokuthi yini, impela, ongayilindela ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokunikela ngegazi, izidingo zokunikela ngegazi nokungafaneleki, nokuthi konke kushintshe kanjani ngenxa ye-COVID-19.

Izidingo Zokunikela Ngegazi

Uma uzibuza ukuthi "nginganikela ngegazi?" impendulo cishe ithi "yebo." Sekushiwo lokho, nakuba abantu abaningi bengakhipha igazi ngaphandle kwenkinga, kunemingcele ethile ebekiwe.

I-American Red Cross ibala okulandelayo njengezimfuneko eziyisisekelo zokunikela ngegazi:

• Unempilo enhle futhi uzizwa uphilile (uma ucabanga ukuthi uphethwe umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma okunye okufana nalokho, i-American Red Cross incoma ukukhansela ukuqokwa kwakho nokuhlela kabusha okungenani amahora angama-24 izimpawu zakho sezidlulile.)
• Uneminyaka okungenani engu-16 ubudala
• Unesisindo okungenani samakhilogremu ayi-110
• Sekuyizinsuku ezingama-56 wagcina ukunikela ngegazi

Kodwa lezi zisekelo zihluke kancane uma uvame ukunikela njalo. Kwabesifazane abanikela kuze kube kathathu ngonyaka, i-American Red Cross nayo idinga ukuthi okungenani uneminyaka engu-19 ubudala, okungenani u-5'5 "ubude, futhi unesisindo okungenani samakhilogremu ayi-150.

Imikhawulo yokuphakama nesisindo ayihambelani. Iyunithi yegazi cishe iyiphayinti, futhi yilokho okukhishwayo phakathi nokunikelwa kwegazi lonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungakanani usayizi wakho. "Umkhawulo wesisindo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umnikeli angakwazi ukubekezelela ivolumu esuswe nokuthi iphephile kumnikeli," kuchaza uDkt Grima. "Uma umnikeli emncane, ingxenye enkulu yegazi labo iyasuswa ngomnikelo wegazi. Izidingo eziqinile zokuphakama nezisindo zikhona kubanikeli abasha ngoba bayazwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwevolumu."

Okunye okufanele ukuqaphele: Awukho umkhawulo weminyaka ephezulu wokunikela ku-American Red Cross, kunezela uDkt. Grima.

Ukungavunyelwa Ukunikelwa Ngegazi

Kodwa okokuqala, i-FYI esheshayo: Ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, i-American Red Cross yamemezela ukuthi ngenxa "yesidingo esiphuthumayo segazi phakathi nalolu bhubhane," izindlela ezithile zokufaneleka kwabanikeli ezibekwe yi-FDA zizobuyekezwa ukuze ngethemba livumele abaxhasi abaningi. Yize kungakabi semthethweni ukuthi inqubo entsha izoqala nini ukusebenza, kusho omele i-American Red Cross Umumo ukuthi kungenzeka kube ngoJuni.

Unamazinga wensimbi aphansi. Nakuba i-American Red Cross ingahloli ~ empeleni ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ NW ] - ihlole amazinga akho ensimbi ngaphambi kokunikela, abasebenzi benhlangano bayawahlola amazinga akho e-hemoglobin ngokuhlolwa kwenduku yomunwe. IHemoglobin yiprotheni emzimbeni wakho equkethe i-iron futhi enikeza igazi lakho umbala wayo obomvu, kuchaza i-American Red Cross. Uma amazinga akho e-hemoglobin engaphansi kuka-12.5g/dL, bazocela ukuthi ukhansele isikhathi sakho sokuqokwa futhi ubuye lapho amazinga akho esephezulu (imvamisa, ungawakhulisa ngesithasiselo se-iron noma ngokudla ukudla okunothe ngensimbi njengenyama, tofu, ubhontshisi, namaqanda, kepha uDkt Ferro uthi uzofuna ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaleso sikhathi ukuze uthole isiqondiso). (Okuhlobene: Ungayithola Kanjani I-ayoni Eyanele Uma Ungayidli Inyama)

Umlando wakho wokuvakasha. Awukwazi futhi ukunikela uma uke waya ezweni elisengozini umalaleveva eminyakeni engu-12 edlule, ngokusho kwe-American Red Cross. Lokhu kuzoshintsha kube yizinyanga ezintathu esikhathini esizayo esiseduze lapho inhlangano isebenzisa izindlela zokufaneleka ezintsha zikamalaleveva ngoJuni.

Unemithi. Iningi labantu linganikela ngegazi lapho lithatha imishanguzo, kepha kunemithi ethile engadinga ukuthi ulinde ukunikela. (Bheka uhlu lwemithi ye-Red Cross ukubona ukuthi olwakho luyasebenza yini.)

Ukhulelwe noma usanda kubeletha. Futhi, abesifazane abakhulelwe abakwazi ukunikela ngegazi ngenxa yokukhathazeka ukuthi kungathatha igazi elidingekayo kude nomama nombungu, kusho uDkt Ferro. Kodwa-ke, unganikela ngegazi uma uncelisa-udinga nje ukulinda amasonto ayisithupha ngemuva kokubeletha, lapho amazinga egazi lomzimba wakho kufanele abuyele kokujwayelekile, usho kanjalo.

Usebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-IV. Abasebenzisi bezidakamizwa ze-IV futhi abakwazi ukunikela ngegazi ngenxa yokukhathazeka nge-hepatitis ne-HIV, ngokwe-American Red Cross.

Uyindoda elala namadoda. Kuyinqubomgomo eyimpikiswano (futhi leyo i-American Red Cross eyibona iyimpikiswano), kepha amadoda alale namanye amadoda kudingeka ukuthi alinde unyaka ngemuva kocansi lwawo lokugcina ngaphambi kokunikela ngenxa yokukhathazeka nge-HIV, hepatitis, ugcunsula nokunye izifo ezithinta igazi, ngokoMkhankaso Wamalungelo Abantu. (Okufanele ukuqashelwa: I-FDA ivele yehlise leso sikhathi saba izinyanga ezintathu, kepha kungathatha isikhathi ukuthi izikhungo zokunikela ngegazi zivuselele izinqubomgomo zazo.) Kodwa-ke, abesifazane abalala nabesifazane banelungelo lokunikela ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokulinda, kusho i-American Red Isiphambano.

Uthole umdwebo noma ukubhoboza okungalawulwa. Uzibuza ukuthi unganikela yini uma une-tattoo? It kuyinto KULUNGILE ukunikela ngegazi uma usanda kuthola i-tattoo noma ukubhoboza, ngezixwayiso ezithile. I-tattoo idinga ukuthi isetshenziswe yinkampani elawulwa nguhulumeni isebenzisa izinaliti eziyinyumba noyinki ongasetshenziswanga, ngokusho kwe-American Red Cross. (Konke lokhu kungenxa yokukhathazeka kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi.) Kepha uma une-tattoo yakho esimweni esingalawuli izakhiwo ze-tattoo (njenge-DC, Georgia, Idaho, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Utah, ne-Wyoming) , Udinga ukulinda izinyanga eziyi-12. Izindaba ezimnandi: Lokhu kulinda kuzoshintsha kube izinyanga ezintathu lapho izinhlangano eziqoqa igazi zisebenzisa inqubo entsha esanda kukhishwa yokufaneleka. Ukubhoboza, okuza nokukhathazeka kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi, kudinga ukwenziwa ngezinsimbi ezisetshenziswa kanye. Uma ngabe bekungenjalo ukubhoboza kwakho, kuzodingeka ulinde izinyanga eziyi-12 uze unikele.

Unesimo sempilo esingapheli. Ukuba nezimo ezithile zempilo, njengezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo, nengculaza, nakho kuzoba nomthelela ekhonweni lakho lokunikela. Kodwa-ke, i-American Red Cross ithi abantu abanezimo eziningi zempilo ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nesifo sikashukela nesifo somoya balungile, inqobo nje uma isimo sakho silawulwa futhi uhlangabezana nezinye izidingo zokufaneleka. Ditto uma une-herpes yesitho sangasese.

Ubhema ukhula. Izindaba ezimnandi: Unganikela ngegazi uma ubhema ukhula, inqobo nje uma uhlangabezana nezinye izindlela, kusho i-American Red Cross. (Uma ukhuluma ngezinkinga zempilo ezingamahlalakhona, nakhu okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokushoda komzimba kanye ne-COVID-19.)

Okufanele Ukwenze Ngaphambi Kokunikela Ngegazi

Ngenhlanhla, ilula kakhulu. Isikhungo sakho sasendaweni sokunikela ngegazi sizoqinisekisa ukuthi uhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ngohlu lwemibuzo olula, kusho u-Cefarelli. Futhi uzodinga ukuba ne-ID yakho, njengelayisensi yokushayela noma iphasipoti, nawe.

Mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele uyidle ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi? Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukudla ukudla okune-ayoni njengenyama ebomvu, inhlanzi, izinkukhu, ubhontshisi, isipinashi, okusanhlamvu okuqiniswe ngensimbi, noma omisiwe ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi, ngokwe-American Red Cross. “Lokhu kwakha amangqamuzana egazi abomvu,” kuchaza uDon Siegel, M.D., Ph.D., umqondisi wesigaba se-Transfusion Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology eSibhedlela saseYunivesithi yasePennsylvania. I-ayoni iyadingeka ku-hemoglobin, okuyiphrotheni emangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo usuka emaphashini akho uwuyise kuwo wonke umzimba wakho, esho. (I-FYI: Yilokho futhi okufunwa yi-pulse oximeter uma ikala amazinga akho komoyampilo wegazi.)

"Uma unikela ngegazi, ulahlekelwa yinsimbi emzimbeni wakho," kusho uDkt Siegel. "Ukwenza lokho, yidla ukudla okunothe insimbi ngosuku noma ngaphambi kokuthi unikele." Ukugcina i-hydration efanele nakho kubalulekile. Eqinisweni, i-American Red Cross incoma ukuphuza u-16 oz wamanzi owengeziwe ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho.

Ngerekhodi: Awudingi ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho kusengaphambili, kusho uDkt Grima. Kepha ungabuza ngakho ngemuva kokunikela futhi inhlangano ingakuthumela leyo mininingwane kamuva, kungeza uDkt Ferro.

Kwenzekani Ngenkathi Unikela Ngegazi?

Isebenza kanjani, impela? Le nqubo uqobo ilula impela, kusho uDkt. Siegel. Uzohlala esihlalweni ngenkathi uchwepheshe efaka inaliti engalweni yakho. Leyo nalithi ithululela esikhwameni esizobamba igazi lakho.

Kunikelwa ngegazi elingakanani? Futhi, kuzothathwa upende wegazi, kungakhathalekile ubude bakho nesisindo sakho.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukunikela ngegazi? Ungalindela ukuthi ingxenye yomnikelo ithathe phakathi kwemizuzu eyisishiyagalombili kuya kweyishumi, ngokusho kwe-American Red Cross. Kodwa kukho konke, kufanele ulindele ukuthi yonke inqubo yokunikela ithathe cishe ihora, iqale ukuqeda.

Akudingekile ukuthi uhlale lapho futhi ugqolozele odongeni ngenkathi unikela (nakuba lokho kuyinketho)—ukhululekile ukwenza noma yini oyifunayo ngenkathi unikela, inqobo nje uma uhlezi unganyakazi, kusho uCefarelli: “Ungakwazi. funda incwadi, sebenzisa imithombo yezokuxhumana ocingweni lwakho… umnikelo usebenzisa ingalo eyodwa, ngakho-ke enye ingalo yakho ayikhokhelwa. " (Noma, heyi, yisikhathi esihle sokuzama ukuzindla.)

Kwenzekani Ngemuva Kokunikela Ngegazi?

Lapho inqubo yomnikelo isiphelile, i-American Red Cross ithi ungathola isidlo nesiphuzo bese uhlanganyela imizuzu emihlanu kuya kweyishumi ngaphambi kokwenza impilo yakho. Kepha ingabe kukhona imiphumela engemihle yokunikela ngegazi noma ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele?

UDkt. Siegel uncoma ukweqa ukuzivocavoca amahora angu-24 alandelayo futhi uphuze utshwala ngaleso sikhathi, futhi. "Kungathatha isikhashana ukuthi umzimba wakho ulunge ngaphambi kokuba umthamo wegazi lakho ubuyele kokujwayelekile," esho. "Vele uthathe kalula lolo suku lonke." Njengengxenye yokuvikelwa kwawo kwemvelo, umzimba wakho uvele uthathe isinyathelo sokwenza igazi elengeziwe ngemuva kokunikela, kuchaza uDkt. Ferro. Umzimba wakho uthatha indawo ye-plasma phakathi namahora angu-48, kodwa kungathatha amasonto amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ukuvala amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.

"Shiya ibhandishi amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokulikhipha, kodwa geza ingalo yakho ngensipho namanzi ukuze ususe isibulala-magciwane ukuvimbela ukulunywa noma ukuqubuka okukhulayo," kusho uDkt. Grima. "Uma indawo yenaliti iqala ukopha, phakamisa ingalo yakho bese ucindezela indawo nge-gauze kuze kuphele ukopha."

Kungumqondo omuhle ukuphuza izingilazi ezine zama-ounce ezine zoketshezi ngemuva kwalokho, kusho uDkt Grima. I-American Red Cross futhi incoma ukuthi uphinde ube nokudla okune-iron ngemuva kokunikela. Ungathatha ngisho ne-multivitamin equkethe okusansimbi ngemva kokunikela ukuze ugcwalise izitolo zakho zensimbi, kusho uDkt. Grima.

Uma uzizwa uphelelwa amandla, uDkt. Grima uncoma ukuhlala noma ukulala kuze kudlule umuzwa. Ukuphuza ijusi nokudla amakhukhi, okwandisa ushukela egazini lakho, nakho kungasiza, usho kanjalo.

Noma kunjalo, kufanele ube muhle ukungahambi nezinkinga ngemuva kokunikela. "Kuyivelakancane" ukuthi ube nodaba oluthile lwezempilo ngemuva kwalokho kepha uDkt. Siegel uncoma ukuthi ushayele udokotela wakho uma uzizwa ukhathele, ngoba lokhu kungaba uphawu lokushoda kwegazi. (Uma sikhuluma ngakho, i-anemia ingase ibe isizathu sokuthi ulimale kalula.)

Kuthiwani Ngokunikela Ngegazi Ngesikhathi seCoronavirus?

Okokuqala, ubhadane lwe-coronavirus luholele ekushodeni kokushayela kwegazi. Ukushayela igazi (okuvame ukubanjelwa emakolishi, ngokwesibonelo) kwakhanselwa ezweni lonke ngemuva kokugadla kwalolu bhubhane, futhi lokho kwaba umthombo omkhulu wegazi, ikakhulukazi entsheni, kusho uCefarelli. Kusukela manje, amadrayivu amaningi egazi asakhanseliwe kuze kube yilapho sekuphinda kwaziswa — kodwa futhi, izikhungo zeminikelo zisavulekile, kusho uCefarelli.

Manje, ukunikelwa kwegazi okuningi kwenziwa ngokuqokwa esikhungweni segazi sendawo yakho ukuzama ukusiza ukugcina kude, kusho uCefarelli. Wena ungenzi ngidinga ukuhlolwa i-COVID-19 ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi, kepha i-American Red Cross nezinye izikhungo eziningi zegazi seziqalile ukufaka ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela, kusho uDkt. Grima, kubandakanya:

• Ukuhlola izinga lokushisa labasebenzi nabanikelayo ngaphambi kokuba bangene esikhungweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi baphile saka
• Ukunikezela nge-sanitizer yezandla ukuze isetshenziswe ngaphambi kokungena esikhungweni, nakuyo yonke inqubo yokunikela
• Ukulandela izinqubo zokuqhelelana komphakathi phakathi kwabanikeli okuhlanganisa imibhede yabanikelayo, kanye nezindawo zokulinda nezokuqabuleka
• Ukugqoka izifihla-buso zobuso noma ukumboza bobabili abasebenzi nabanikeli (Futhi uma ungenayo ngokwakho, hlola le mikhiqizo eyenza izindwangu zobuso bendwangu futhi ufunde ukuthi ungayenza kanjani imaski yobuso ekhaya.)
• Ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqokwa ukusiza ukuphatha ukuhamba kwabaxhasi
• Ukwandisa ukubulala amagciwane okwandisiwe kwendawo kanye nemishini (Okuhlobene: Ingabe Amanzi Wokubulala Amagciwane Ayabulala Amagciwane?)

Njengamanje, i-FDA futhi ikhuthaza abantu asebeluleme ku-COVID-19 ukuthi banikele nge-plasma — ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi lakho — ukuze basize ekwenzeni izindlela zokwelapha ezihlobene negazi. (Ucwaningo lusebenzisa ngokukhethekile ipulasma ye-convalescent, okuwumkhiqizo ocebile ngama-antibody owenziwe ngegazi elinikelwe ngabantu abathole igciwane.) Kodwa abantu abangakaze babe ne-COVID-19 nabo banikeze i-plasma ukusiza iziguli ezishisayo, ezihlukumezekile, nezomdlavuza .

Uma wenza umnikelo we-plasma kuphela, igazi likhishwa engalweni yakho bese lithunyelwa ngomshini wobuchwepheshe oqoqa i-plasma, ngokusho kwe-American Red Cross. "Leli gazi lingena emshinini we-apheresis osebenzisa igazi lakho [futhi] ususe i-plasma," kusho isazi sezobuchwepheshe kwezokwelapha uMaria Hall, onguchwepheshe kwezobuchwepheshe bebhange egazini futhi ongumphathi wengxenye yolwazi e-Baltimore's Mercy Medical Center. Amaseli akho abomvu nama-platelet abese ebuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho, kanye nosawoti othile. Le nqubo ithatha imizuzu embalwa nje ukudlula ukunikela ngegazi eliphelele.

Uma unentshisekelo yokunikela ngegazi noma i-plasma, thintana nesikhungo sakho segazi sendawo (ungasithola esiseduze nawe ngokusebenzisa i-American Association of Blood Banks finder site). Futhi, uma unanoma yimiphi imibuzo eyengeziwe mayelana nenqubo yokunikela ngegazi noma izindlela zokuphepha indawo yomnikelo ngamunye ethathayo, ungabuza ke.

"Alukho usuku lokuphela olwaziwayo kule mpi yokulwa ne-coronavirus" futhi abanikelayo bayadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi igazi nemikhiqizo yegazi iyatholakala kubantu abadinga usizo, manje nasesikhathini esizayo, kusho uDkt. Grima.

Imininingwane ekule ndaba inembile njengesikhathi sokushicilela. Njengoba izibuyekezo mayelana ne-coronavirus COVID-19 ziqhubeka nokuvela, kungenzeka ukuthi ulwazi oluthile nezincomo kule ndaba kushintshile kusukela ekushicilelweni kokuqala. Sikukhuthaza ukuthi uhlole njalo izinsiza ezifana ne-CDC, i-WHO, kanye nomnyango wezempilo womphakathi wendawo ukuze uthole imininingwane yakamuva nezincomo.

Buyekeza kwe-