Yini Ebangela Isikhwehlela Esinegazi, Futhi Silashwa Kanjani?

-Delile

• Izimbangela zesikhwehlela esinegazi
• Ukubonana nodokotela nini
• Ukuhlonza imbangela
• Ukwelashwa kwesikhwehlela esinegazi
• Ukuvimbela

Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.

Ukubuka konke

Isikhwehlela, noma i-phlegm, siyinhlanganisela yamathe namafinyila owakhwehlele. Isikhwehlela esinegazi senzeka lapho isikhwehlela sinemigqa ebonakalayo yegazi kuso. Igazi livela ndawana thile emgudwini wokuphefumula ongaphakathi komzimba wakho. Indlela yokuphefumula ifaka phakathi:

• umlomo
• umphimbo
• ikhala
• amaphaphu
• izindlela eziholela emaphashini

Kwesinye isikhathi isikhwehlela esinegazi siwuphawu lwesimo esibi sezempilo. Kodwa-ke, isikhwehlela esinegazi yisehlakalo esivamile ngokuqhathaniswa futhi imvamisa asiyona imbangela yokukhathazeka ngokushesha.

Uma ukhwehlela igazi ngesikhwehlela esincane noma ungenaso nhlobo, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izimbangela zesikhwehlela esinegazi

Izimbangela ezivamile zesikhwehlela esinegazi zifaka:

• ukukhwehlela isikhathi eside, okunzima
• i-bronchitis
• ukuphuma kwamakhala
• nezinye izifo zesifuba

Izimbangela ezimbi kakhulu zesikhwehlela esinegazi zingafaka:

• umdlavuza wamaphaphu noma umdlavuza womphimbo
• inyumoniya
• embolism yamaphaphu, noma ihlule legazi ephashini
• i-edema yamaphaphu, noma ukuba noketshezi emaphashini
• ukufisa kwamaphaphu, noma ukuphefumulela izinto zangaphandle emaphashini
• i-cystic fibrosis
• izifo ezithile, njengesifo sofuba
• ukuthatha ama-anticoagulants, okuyigazi elincanyana ukuyivikela ekunqandeni
• ukuhlukumezeka kohlelo lokuphefumula

Ukutheleleka okuphansi kokuphefumula nokuhogela into yangaphandle kuyizimbangela zesikhwehlela esinegazi ezinganeni.

Ukubonana nodokotela nini

Kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu:

• ukukhwehlela kakhulu igazi, isikhwehlela esincane kakhulu
• ukuphefumula okuncane noma ukulwela ukuphefumula
• ubuthakathaka
• isiyezi
• ukujuluka
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• ukuncipha kwesisindo okungaqondakali
• ukukhathala
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• negazi nasemchameni noma esitulweni sakho

Lezi zimpawu zihambisana nezimo ezibucayi zezokwelapha.

Ukuhlonza imbangela

Lapho ubona udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlolisise isizathu saso isikhwehlela esinegazi, bazoqala bakubuze ukuthi ngabe besikhona yini isizathu esibonakalayo njenge:

• ukukhwehlela
• umkhuhlane
• umkhuhlane
• i-bronchitis

Bazophinde bafune ukwazi:

• unesikhathi esingakanani unesikhwehlela esinegazi
• ukuthi isikhwehlela sibukeka kanjani
• ukukhwehlela kangaki ngosuku
• inani legazi elisesikhondweni

Udokotela wakho uzolalela amaphaphu akho ngenkathi uphefumula futhi angafuna ezinye izimpawu zokukhathazeka, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukuvunguza noma ukuqhekeka. Bazokubuza futhi ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Udokotela wakho futhi angaqhuba isifundo esisodwa noma eziningi zalezi zithombe noma izinqubo zokubasiza ukuthi bafinyelele ekuxilongweni:

• Bangasebenzisa ama-X-ray esifubeni ukuxilonga izimo ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kaningi kwesinye sezifundo zokuqala ze-imaging abazi-oda.
• Bangakwazi uku-oda iskena se-CT esifubeni ukuhlinzeka ngomfanekiso ocacile wezicubu ezithambile ukuze zihlolwe.
• Ngesikhathi se-bronchoscopy, udokotela wakho ubheka ezindleleni zakho zomoya ukuze ahlole ukuvinjelwa noma okungahambi kahle ngokwehlisa i-bronchoscope ngemuva komphimbo naku-bronchi.
• Bangakwazi uku-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuxilonga izimo ezahlukahlukene, kanye nokunquma ukuthi lincane kangakanani igazi lakho futhi babheke ukuthi ulahlekelwe igazi elingaka yini ukuthi une-anemia.
• Uma udokotela wakho abona ukungajwayelekile okuhlelekile emaphashini akho, bangahle ba-oda i-biopsy. Lokhu kuhilela ukususa isampula lezicubu emaphashini akho bese ulithumela ebhodini ukuze lihlolwe.

Ukwelashwa kwesikhwehlela esinegazi

Ukwelapha isikhwehlela esinegazi kuzoncika ekwelapheni isimo esingaphansi kwaso esisibangelayo. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kungabandakanya nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala noma ezinye izimpawu ezihlobene obhekene nazo.

Ukwelashwa kwesikhwehlela esinegazi kungafaka:

• ama-antibiotic omlomo ngezifo ezinjenge-pneumonia yebhaktheriya
• ama-antivirals, njenge-oseltamivir (Tamiflu), ukunciphisa isikhathi noma ubunzima begciwane lesandulela ngculaza
• [isixhumanisi esihambisanayo:] izikhwebu zokukhwehlela ukukhwehlela isikhathi eside
• ukuphuza amanzi amaningi, angasiza ukukhipha i-phlegm esele
• ukuhlinzwa ukwelapha isimila noma ihlule legazi

Kubantu abakhwehlela igazi eliningi, ukwelashwa kuqala kugxile ekumiseni ukopha, ukuvimbela ukufisa, okwenzeka lapho izinto zangaphandle zingena emaphashini akho, bese welapha imbangela eyimbangela.

Shayela udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yikuphi ukucindezela kokukhwehlela, noma ngabe uyazi imbangela yezimpawu zakho. Ukucindezela ukukhwehlela kungaholela ekuvinjelweni komoya noma kugcine isikhwehlela sibhajwe emaphashini akho, kwenze isikhathi eside noma sibe sibi kakhulu isifo.

Ukuvimbela

Isikhwehlela esinegazi ngezinye izikhathi singaba uphawu lwesimo esingaphansi okungenakugwenywa, kodwa izindlela ziyatholakala ukusiza ukuvimbela ezinye izimo zaso. Umugqa wokuqala wokuvimbela ukuthatha izinyathelo zokugwema izifo zokuphefumula ezingaletha lolu phawu.

Ungenza okulandelayo ukuvimbela isikhwehlela esinegazi:

• Yeka ukubhema uma ubhema. Ukubhema kubangela ukucasuka nokuvuvukala, futhi kukhulisa namathuba ezimo ezinzima zezempilo.
• Uma uzwa ukutheleleka okuphefumulayo kuza, phuza amanzi amaningi.Amanzi okuphuza anganciphisa i-phlegm futhi asize ukuyikhipha.
• Gcina indlu yakho ihlanzekile ngoba kulula ukuphefumulela kuyo uthuli, futhi kungacasula amaphaphu akho futhi kwenze izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi kakhulu uma une-COPD, i-asthma, noma isifo samaphaphu. Isikhunta nesikhunta nakho kungadala izifo zokuphefumula nokucasuka, okungaholela esikhwehleleni esinegazi.
• Ukukhwehlela uphlegm ophuzi noluhlaza kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka okuphefumula. Bheka udokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi ukusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga noma ukwanda kwezimpawu kamuva.