Uhlelo lokugoma izingane

-Delile

• Imithi yokugoma okufanele ithathwe yingane
• Ekuzalweni
• Izinyanga ezi-2
• 3 izinyanga
• Izinyanga ezine
• Izinyanga ezi-5
• Izinyanga eziyi-6
• Izinyanga eziyi-9
• Izinyanga eziyi-12
• Izinyanga eziyi-15
• Iminyaka engu-4
• Uzoya nini kudokotela ngemuva kokugoma
• Ingabe kuphephile ukugoma ngesikhathi se-COVID-19?

Uhlelo lokugoma kwengane lubandakanya imigomo ingane okufanele iyithathe kusukela ngesikhathi izalwa ize ibe neminyaka engu-4 ubudala, ngoba ingane lapho izalwa ayinazo izivikelo ezidingekayo zokulwa nezifo futhi imijovo yokugoma isiza ekuvikeleni umzimba, kunciphisa ubungozi bokugula nokusiza ingane ukuthi ikhule iphilile futhi ikhule kahle.

Yonke imithi yokugoma ekhalendeni inconywa nguMnyango Wezempilo, ngakho-ke, ayikhokhiswa, futhi kufanele isetshenziswe ewadini labakhulelwe noma esikhungweni sezempilo. Imigomo eminingi isetshenziswa ethangeni noma engalweni yengane futhi kubalulekile ukuthi abazali, ngosuku lomuthi wokugoma, bathathe incwajana yokugoma ukurekhoda imishanguzo eyanikezwa, ngaphezu kokubeka usuku lokugoma olulandelayo.

Bona izizathu ezi-6 ezinhle zokugcina irekhodi lakho lokugoma lisesikhathini.

Imithi yokugoma okufanele ithathwe yingane

Ngokwesheduli yokugoma ka-2020/2021, imithi yokugoma enconyiwe kusukela ekuzalweni kuya eminyakeni engu-4 yile:

Ekuzalweni

• Umuthi wokugoma we-BCG: unikezwa ngomthamo owodwa futhi uvikela izinhlobo ezinzima zesifo sofuba, usetshenziswa esibhedlela sokubeletha, imvamisa ushiya isibazi engalweni lapho kusetshenziswe khona umuthi wokugoma, futhi kufanele wakhe izinyanga ezi-6;
• Umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis B: umthamo wokuqala wokugoma uvimbela isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B, okuyisifo esidalwa yigciwane, i-HBV, esingathinta isibindi futhi siholele ekwakhekeni kwezinkinga kukho konke ukuphila.

Izinyanga ezi-2

• Umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis B: kunconywa ukuphathwa komthamo wesibili;
• Umuthi wokugoma kathathu webhaktheriya (i-DTPa): isilinganiso sokuqala somuthi wokugoma esivikela i-diphtheria, i-tetanus kanye nokukhwehlela, okuyizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane;
• Umuthi wokugoma we-Hib: umthamo wokuqala wokugoma ovikela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane I-Haemophilus influenzae; 
• Umuthi wokugoma we-VIP: Umthamo wokuqala womuthi wokugoma ovikela uvendle, owaziwa nangokuthi ukukhubazeka kwezinsana, okuyisifo esidalwa yigciwane. Bona okuningi ngomuthi wokugomela uvendle;
• Umuthi wokugomela iRotavirus: lo mgomo uvikela ukutheleleka nge-rotavirus, okuyimbangela enkulu yokuguliswa yisisu ezinganeni. Umthamo wesibili ungalawulwa kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-7;
• I-Pneumococcal Vaccine 10V: Umthamo wokuqala wokulwa nesifo se-pneumococcal esihlaselayo, esivikela kuma-serotypes ahlukahlukene e-pneumococcal abhekene nezifo ezifana ne-meningitis, i-pneumonia ne-otitis. Umthamo wesibili ungalawulwa kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-6.

3 izinyanga

• Umuthi Wokugoma we-Meningococcal C: isilinganiso sokuqala, ngokumelene ne-serogroup C meningococcal meningitis;
• Umuthi wokugoma we-Meningococcal B: umthamo wokuqala, ulwa ne-serogroup B meningococcal meningitis.

Izinyanga ezine

• Umuthi wokugoma we-VIP: isilinganiso sesibili somuthi wokugoma omelana nokukhubazeka kwengane;
• Umuthi wokugoma kathathu webhaktheriya (i-DTPa): umthamo wesibili womuthi wokugoma;
• Umuthi wokugoma we-Hib: umthamo wesibili womuthi wokugoma ovikela ukutheleleka ngegciwane I-Haemophilus influenzae.

Izinyanga ezi-5

• Umuthi Wokugoma we-Meningococcal C: umthamo wesibili, ngokumelene ne-serogroup C meningococcal meningitis;
• Umuthi wokugoma we-Meningococcal B: umthamo wokuqala, ulwa ne-serogroup B meningococcal meningitis.

Izinyanga eziyi-6

• Umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis B: kunconywa ukuphathwa komthamo wesithathu walo mgomo;
• Umuthi wokugoma we-Hib: umthamo wesithathu womuthi wokugoma ovikela ukutheleleka ngegciwane I-Haemophilus influenzae; 
• Umuthi wokugoma we-VIP: umthamo wesithathu womuthi wokugomela ukukhubazeka kwengane;
• Umuthi wokugoma kathathu webhaktheriya: umthamo wesithathu womuthi wokugoma.

Kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya phambili, kunconywa futhi ukuthi uqale ukugoma igciwane le-Influenzae, elibhekele umkhuhlane, futhi ingane kufanele igonywe minyaka yonke ngesikhathi somkhankaso.

Izinyanga eziyi-9

• Umuthi wokugomela i-yellow fever: isilinganiso sokuqala somuthi wokugoma we-yellow fever.

Izinyanga eziyi-12

• I-Pneumococcal Vaccine: Ukuqinisa umuthi wokugomela i-meningitis, i-pneumonia ne-otitis.
• Umuthi wokugoma we-Hepatitis A: umthamo wokuqala, owesi-2 ukhonjiswe ezinyangeni eziyi-18;
• I-Triple Viral Vaccine: Umthamo wokuqala womuthi wokugoma ovikela isimungumungwane, irubella, kanye nezimbungulu;
• Umuthi wokugoma we-Meningococcal C: ukuqiniswa komuthi wokugomela i-meningitis C. Lokhu kuqiniswa kungaphathwa kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-15;
• Umuthi wokugoma we-Meningococcal B: ukuqiniswa komuthi wokugomela uhlobo lwe-meningitis B, ongalawulwa kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-15;
• Ukugonywa kwenkukhu:

Kusukela ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kuya phambili kunconywa ukuthi ukugonyelwa uvendle kwenziwe ngokulawulwa ngomlomo komuthi wokugoma, owaziwa nge-OPV, futhi ingane kufanele igonywe ngesikhathi somkhankaso kuze kube yiminyaka emi-4.

Izinyanga eziyi-15

• Umuthi wokugoma we-Pentavalent: umthamo we-4 womuthi wokugoma we-VIP;
• Umuthi wokugoma we-VIP: ukuqiniswa komuthi wokugomela uvendle, onganikezwa kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-18;
• I-Triple Viral Vaccine: Umthamo wesibili womuthi wokugoma, onganikezwa kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingama-24;
• Umuthi wokugomela iChickenpox: umthamo wesibili, ongasetshenziswa kuze kube izinyanga ezingama-24;

Kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-15 kuye ezinyangeni eziyi-18, kunconywa ukuthi kuqiniswe umuthi wokugoma kathathu webhakteriya (DTP) ovikela i-diphtheria, i-tetanus kanye nokukhwehlela, kanye nokuqiniswa komuthi ovikela izifoI-Haemophilus influenzae.

Iminyaka engu-4

• Umuthi wokugoma we-DTP: ukuqiniswa kwesi-2 komuthi wokugomela u-tetanus, diphtheria nokukhwehlela okukhwehlela;
• Umuthi wokugoma we-Pentavalent: Umthamo wesi-5 one-booster ye-DTP emelene ne-tetanus, i-diphtheria nokukhwehlela okukhwehlela;
• Ukuqiniswa komuthi wokugoma we-yellow fever;
• Umuthi wokugomela uvendle: i-booster yokugoma yesibili.

Uma kwenzeka kukhohlwa kubalulekile ukugoma ingane ngokushesha okukhulu lapho kungenzeka iye esikhungweni sezempilo, ngaphezu kokuthi kubalulekile ukuthatha yonke imithamo yomuthi ngamunye wokugoma ukuze ingane ivikeleke ngokuphelele.

Uzoya nini kudokotela ngemuva kokugoma

Ngemuva kokuthi ingane ithole umuthi wokugoma, kunconywa ukuthi uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo uma ingane:

• Izinguquko esikhunjeni njengama-pellets abomvu noma ukucasuka;
• Umkhuhlane uphakeme kuno-39ºC;
• Ukudlikizela;
• Kunzima ukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela okuningi noma ukubanga umsindo lapho uphefumula.

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela emahoreni ama-2 ngemuva kokugonywa kungakhombisa ukusabela kumuthi wokugoma. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuvela izimpawu, kufanele uye kudokotela ukuze uvikele isimo sibe sibi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa nokuthi uye kudokotela wezingane uma ukusabela okujwayelekile emuthini wokugoma, njengokubomvu noma ubuhlungu esizeni, kunganyamalali ngemuva kwesonto. Nakhu okumele ukwenze ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yokugoma.

Ingabe kuphephile ukugoma ngesikhathi se-COVID-19?

Ukugoma kubalulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi empilweni, ngakho-ke, akufanele futhi kuphazanyiswe ngezikhathi zezinhlekelele ezifana nobhubhane lwe-COVID-19.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwawo wonke umuntu, yonke imithetho yezempilo iyalandelwa ukuvikela labo abaya ezikhungweni zezempilo ze-SUS ukuze bagonywe.