I-Melanoma: kuyini, izinhlobo eziyinhloko nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko
• Izinhlobo eziyinhloko
• 1. I-melanoma ebanzi engenhla
• 2. I-melanoma eyindida
• 3. I-malignant lentigo melanoma
• 4. I-melanoma ye-lentral yomzimba
• Ubani osengozini enkulu ye-melanoma
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Ingabe iMelanoma ingalapheka?
• Ungayivimbela kanjani i-melanoma

I-Melanoma wuhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba obulalayo oqubuka kuma-melanocyte, okungamaseli esikhumba abhekele ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin, into enikeza umbala esikhunjeni. Ngakho-ke, i-melanoma ivame kakhulu lapho kunezilonda ezivamile kulawa maseli, ezingenzeka ikakhulu ngenxa yokuvezwa yimisebe ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni noma ukushuka okufakelwayo. Kodwa-ke, yize kungavamile, i-melanoma nayo ingavela emehlweni noma kulwelwesi lwamafinyila njengomlomo, impumulo, umphimbo, indunu, isitho sangasese sowesifazane noma umgudu wamathumbu, isibonelo.

Kulolu hlobo lomdlavuza, ama-melanocyte akhula ngokushesha, ngokungajwayelekile futhi angalawulwa, ngakho-ke, angadlulela kwezinye izitho ezinjengamaphaphu, ubuchopho, isibindi, amathambo noma amathumbu, kwakheke imastastase, okwenza ukwelashwa kube nzima kakhulu futhi kube namathuba amancane okwelashwa.

Ngakho-ke, lapho kuqala uphawu lwezinguquko ekubukeni kwesikhumba noma ekukhuleni kwezimpawu, kufanele kuboniswane nodokotela wesikhumba ukuze kukhonjwe i-melanoma kusenesikhathi, kusiza ukwelashwa futhi kwandiswe namathuba okwelashwa.

Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu nezimpawu zokuqala ze-melanoma wukuvela kwendawo emnyama esikhunjeni, ukushintsha ngosayizi, ukuma noma umbala wendawo esivele ikhona noma ibala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabala noma amabala aphuma kalula futhi ukuba khona kwamanxeba athatha isikhathi ukuphola nakho kungakhombisa i-melanoma.

Bona kule vidiyo elandelayo ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba we-melanoma:

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko

Izinhlobo ze-melanoma ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuvela kanye nohlobo lwentuthuko, izinhlobo eziyinhloko yilezi:

1. I-melanoma ebanzi engenhla

I-melanoma ebanzi engenhla uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-melanoma futhi iqala ukukhula kumaseli angaphezulu kakhulu esikhumba, futhi ingasakazeka ezindaweni ezijulile zesikhumba.

Lolu hlobo lwe-melanoma luqala ngezindawo ezinombala onsundu noma okhanyayo ngokukhanyayo esikhunjeni noma ezinamabala amancane abomvu, amhlophe, amnyama noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

2. I-melanoma eyindida

I-Nodular melanoma uhlobo lwesibili lwe-melanoma futhi olunolaka kakhulu ngoba ikhula ngokushesha futhi ingafinyelela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba kusukela ekuqaleni.

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luqala njengesigaxa esikhuphukile, esiqinile noma esimnyama, esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma esibomvu futhi alubanga zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, kuyisilonda esilula ukusibona ngenxa yokwanda okusheshayo ngosayizi wesilonda.

3. I-malignant lentigo melanoma

I-malignant lentigo melanoma ivame ukwenzeka ezindaweni ezivezwa kakhulu yilanga, njengasebusweni, entanyeni, esikhunjeni nasemuva kwezandla, okuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala abanesikhumba esonakaliswe kabi yilanga.

Lolu hlobo lwe-melanoma lungahlasela izingqimba ezijulile zesikhumba bese luqala ngendawo eyisicaba esikhunjeni, ensundu noma emnyama, enezikhala ezingalingani nemibala ehlukene njengamabala ansundu noma amnyama ebusweni bayo.

4. I-melanoma ye-lentral yomzimba

I-Acral lentiginous melanoma iyivelakancane futhi ekuqaleni ithinta izingqimba ezingaphezulu kwesikhumba, ikakhulukazi izintende zezandla, amathe ezinyawo nezinzipho, okuyiyona melanoma evame kakhulu kubantu abamnyama, e-Asians nase-Hispanics.

Ubani osengozini enkulu ye-melanoma

Ngaphezu kokuchayeka elangeni nokushiswa yilanga njalo, i-melanoma nayo ingabangelwa yinoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokuchayeka emisebeni ye-UV, njengemibhede yokushuka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lokukhanya luyakwazi ukungena kumaseli, okungadala izinguquko ezimbi eziholela ekubonakaleni komdlavuza.

Kodwa-ke, i-melanoma ingavela noma kuphi emzimbeni, noma ngabe ivikelwe ekukhanyeni kwe-UV futhi, ngakho-ke, noma kuyivelakancane kakhulu, ingakhula nakulabo abagwema ukuvezwa yilanga, abahlobene nomndeni, izici zofuzo nezemvelo.

Ezinye izici ezibonakala zandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-melanoma zifaka:

• Unesikhumba esihle, izinwele ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu namehlo akhanyayo;
• Unomlando wokushiswa yilanga;
• Ukushuka okunzima;
• Kwenze kube lula ukuthola ama-freckles;
• Ukuba nezindawo eziningi noma amabala angajwayelekile esikhunjeni;
• Ukuba nomlando womndeni womdlavuza wesikhumba;
• Ukuba nesifo esithinta amasosha omzimba.

Abantu abane-1 noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zinto kufanele babonane njalo nodokotela besikhumba ukuze benze ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwesikhumba, ukuze kutholakale izinguquko ezingaba uphawu lokuqala lomdlavuza.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-melanoma kuya ngosayizi, isigaba somdlavuza, isimo sempilo yomuntu kufanele siqondiswe yi-oncologist noma i-dermatologist, futhi kunganconywa okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa ukususa i-melanoma;
• I-Immunotherapy ukusiza amasosha omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza;
• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe esebenza ngqo kumaseli e-melanoma;
• I-Radiotherapy okungenziwa uma kungenakwenzeka ukususa i-melanoma ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa noma ukwelapha ama-lymph node athintwe yi-melanoma;
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukubulala amaseli e-melanoma futhi angalawulwa ngqo emthanjeni noma amaphilisi asetshenzisiwe ngomlomo.

Uma ama-metastases akhona, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, amazinga okuphumelela aphansi kakhulu, njengoba ama-metastases avela ezigabeni eziphambili zomdlavuza. Bona okuningi mayelana nokwelashwa komdlavuza wesikhumba.

Ingabe iMelanoma ingalapheka?

I-Melanoma inezinga eliphakeme lokwelapha lapho ingakakhuli kwenye indawo emzimbeni nalapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa ngokushesha lapho kuvela uphawu lokuqala. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuka njalo izimpawu nezindawo zesikhumba, ufuna izinguquko.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu asebevele benohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza wesikhumba noma abanamacala emndenini, kufanele baye kudokotela wesikhumba njalo, ngoba basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-melanoma.

Ungayivimbela kanjani i-melanoma

Ezinye izinyathelo zingasiza ukugwema noma ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-melanoma efana nale:

• Gwema ilanga ngezikhathi eziphakeme phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama;
• Gqoka isivikelo selanga nsuku zonke, nge-SPF 30 okungenani, noma ngezinsuku ezinamafu;
• Gqoka isigqoko esinomhlwenga uma kungenakugwemeka ukuzibeka elangeni;
• Gwema ukushuka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu kufanele ahlole njalo isikhumba somzimba wonke, ikakhulukazi izindawo ezivezwe kakhulu yilanga, njengobuso, intamo, izindlebe nesikhumba, efuna izinguquko ezinjengokubonakala kwamabala, amabala, amabala, ukuvuvukala noma izinguquko ezimaki zesikhumba.izimpawu zokuzalwa ezikhona. Funda ukuthi ungawuvikela kanjani umdlavuza wesikhumba.