Izimpawu Eziphezulu Eziyi-7 Zomdlavuza We-thyroid

-Delile

• Ungawuthola kanjani umdlavuza wegilo
• Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza wegilo
• Ungawelapha kanjani umdlavuza wegilo
• Kunjani ukulandelwa ngemuva kokwelashwa
• Ingabe umdlavuza wegilo ungabuya?

Umdlavuza wegilo wuhlobo lwesimila isikhathi esiningi eselaphekayo lapho ukwelashwa kwaso kusheshe kwaqalwa, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi wazi izimpawu ezingakhombisa ukukhula komdlavuza, ikakhulukazi:

1. Isigaxa noma isigaxa entanyeni, evame ukukhula ngokushesha;
2. Ukuvuvukala entanyeni ngenxa yokwanda kwamanzi;
3. Ubuhlungu ngaphambili komphimbo lokho kungakhanya ezindlebeni;
4. Ukungahambi kahle noma ezinye izinguquko zezwi;
5. Kunzima ukuphefumula, ngathi kunento ebhajwe emphinjeni;
6. Ukukhwehlela njalo lokho akuhambisani nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane;
7. Kunzima ukugwinya noma umuzwa wento ebhajwe emphinjeni.

Yize lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvame kakhulu kusukela eminyakeni yobudala engama-45, noma nini lapho kuvela lezi zimpawu, okuvame kakhulu ukuba ukushaywa kwesigaxa noma isigaxa entanyeni, kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nodokotela we-endocrinologist noma udokotela ohlinzayo wekhanda noma wentamo ukuhlolwa kokuxilongwa, thola ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini inkinga nge-thyroid bese uqala ukwelashwa okufanele.

Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu zingakhombisa nezinye izinkinga ezingathi sína njenge-gastroesophageal reflux, izifo zokuphefumula, izinkinga zezintambo zezwi, ngisho nama-cysts ama-thyroid noma amaqhuqhuva, okuvame ukuba nobungozi futhi angavezi nengozi empilweni, futhi kufanele kuphenywe, ngoba iningi amacala, umdlavuza we-thyroid awubangeli izimpawu.

Bheka nezimpawu ezingakhombisa ezinye izinguquko ku-thyroid: Izimpawu ze-thyroid.

Ungawuthola kanjani umdlavuza wegilo

Ukuhlonza umdlavuza we-thyroid kunconywa ukuthi uye kudokotela we-endocrinologist ukuze ubheke intamo yomuntu futhi ubone izinguquko ezifana nokuvuvukala, ubuhlungu noma ukuba khona kwesigaxa. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile futhi ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukubheka inani lamahomoni i-TSH, T3, T4, thyroglobulin kanye ne-calcitonin, okuthi uma kushintshwa kungakhombisa ushintsho ku-thyroid.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukwenza i-ultrasound ye-gland gland kanye ne-fine aspiration aspiration (FNAP) ukuqinisekisa ubukhona bamaseli amabi endlala, okunquma ngempela ukuthi umdlavuza yini.

Abantu abatholakala benomdlavuza we-thyroid onobungozi obuncane bavame ukuba namanani ajwayelekile ekuhlolweni kwegazi, yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kwenziwe i-biopsy noma nini lapho udokotela ekhombisa futhi iphindwe, uma lokhu kukhombisa umphumela ongaphelele, noma kuze kube kufakazelwe lokho kwe-nodule enobungozi.

Kwesinye isikhathi, isiqiniseko sokuthi ngumdlavuza wegilo kwenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe i-nodule eyathunyelwa elabhorethri yokuhlaziya.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza wegilo

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza wegilo ohluka ngohlobo lwamaseli athintekile. Noma kunjalo, okuvame kakhulu kufaka:

• I-papillary carcinoma: uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wegilo, omele cishe ama-80% wamacala, uvame ukukhula kancane, kube uhlobo olulula ukwelashwa;
• I-carcinoma elandelayo: wuhlobo lomdlavuza we-thyroid ongajwayelekile kakhulu kune-papillary, kodwa futhi unesibikezelo esihle, kuba lula ukuselapha;
• I-medullary carcinoma: akuvamile, kuthinta kuphela u-3% wamacala, kuba nzima ukuwelapha, kunamathuba amancane okwelashwa;
• I-Anaplastic carcinoma: akuvamile, kuthinta cishe i-1% yamacala, kepha inolaka kakhulu, cishe njalo iyabulala.

Umdlavuza we-Papillary noma we-follicular unezinga eliphakeme lokusinda, yize ungahle wehle uma umdlavuza utholakala ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kune-metastases esakazeka emzimbeni wonke. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokwazi ukuthi uhlobo luni lwesimila umuntu analo, kufanele futhi bazi isigaba salo nokuthi ngabe kukhona ama-metastases noma cha, ngoba lokhu kunquma ukuthi iluphi ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu ecaleni ngalinye.

Ungawelapha kanjani umdlavuza wegilo

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-thyroid kuncike kubukhulu besimila futhi izinketho zokwelashwa eziyinhloko zibandakanya ukuhlinzwa, iodotherapy kanye nokwelashwa kwamahomoni. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy kungakhonjiswa, kepha zonke izinhlobo zokwelashwa zihlala zikhonjiswa ngudokotela we-endocrinologist noma udokotela ohlinzayo wekhanda nentamo.

• Ukuhlinzwa: eyaziwa ngokuthi i-thyroidectomy, iqukethe ukususa yonke indlala, ngaphezu kokukhipha intamo, ukususa i-ganglia entanyeni engathinteka. Thola ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kanjani ku: Ukuhlinzwa kwendlala yegilo.
• Ukufaka esikhundleni seHormone: Okulandelayo, kufanele kuthathwe imithi ukufaka ama-hormone akhiqizwa yi-thyroid, impilo yonke, nsuku zonke, esiswini esingenalutho. Yazi ukuthi le mithi ingaba yini;
• I-Chemo noma i-Radiotherapy: Zingaboniswa uma kwenzeka kwenzeka isimila esithuthukile;
• Thatha iodine enemisebe: Cishe inyanga eyodwa ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-thyroid, kufanele kuqale isinyathelo sokwelashwa sesibili, okuthatha iodine enemisebe, esebenza ukukhipha ngokuphelele wonke amaseli wegilo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, nayo yonke iminonjana yesimila. Funda konke mayelana ne-iodotherapy.

Bheka futhi le vidiyo elandelayo bese ufunda ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okufanele ukwenze ukwenza lokhu kwelashwa:

I-Chemotherapy ne-radiotherapy cishe azikaze zinconywe esimweni somdlavuza we-thyroid ngoba lolu hlobo lwesimila aluphenduli kahle kulezi zindlela zokwelapha.

Kunjani ukulandelwa ngemuva kokwelashwa

Ngemuva kokwelashwa ukususa isimila se-thyroid, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa kuqede ngokuphelele amaseli amabi nokuthi ukushintshwa kwe-hormone kwanele yini izidingo zomuntu.

Izivivinyo ezidingekayo zifaka:

• I-Scintigraphy noma i-PCI - ukusesha okugcwele komzimba: ukuhlolwa lapho umuntu ethatha khona umuthi bese engena kudivayisi ekhiqiza izithombe zomzimba wonke, ukuze kutholakale amangqamuzana ama-tumor noma ama-metastases kuwo wonke umzimba. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa, kusuka ezinyangeni ezi-1 kuye kwezi-6, ngemuva kwe-iodotherapy. Uma kutholakala amaseli amabi noma ama-metastases, udokotela angancoma ukuthatha ithebhulethi entsha ye-radioactive iodine ukuqeda noma yimuphi umkhondo womdlavuza, kepha isilinganiso esisodwa se-iodotherapy ngokuvamile sanele.
• Intamo i-ultrasound: Ingakhombisa ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ushintsho entanyeni nasemikhondweni yomlomo wesibeletho;
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwamazinga we-TSH namazinga e-thyroglobulin, njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3, 6 noma eziyi-12, inhloso ukuthi amanani akho abe ngu- <0.4mU / L.

Imvamisa, udokotela ubuza kuphela ukuskena okungu-1 noma okungu-2 komzimba wonke bese ukulandelwa kwenziwa kuphela nge-ultrasound yokuhlolwa kwentamo nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ngokuya ngeminyaka, uhlobo kanye nesigaba sesimila, kanye nesimo sempilo jikelele umuntu anaso, lezi zivivinyo zingaphindaphindwa ngezikhathi ezithile isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyishumi, noma ngaphezulu, ngokubona kukadokotela.

Ingabe umdlavuza wegilo ungabuya?

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi isimila esitholwe kusenesikhathi sizokwazi ukusakazeka emzimbeni, ngama-metastases, kepha indlela engcono yokuthola ukuthi ngabe kunamaseli amabi emzimbeni ukwenza izivivinyo ezidingwa udokotela, ikakhulukazi i-ultrasound kanye ne-scintigraphy, nokunakekela sengathi udla kahle, zivocavoca njalo futhi ube nemikhuba emihle yokuphila.

Kodwa-ke, uma isimila sinolaka noma uma sitholwa esigabeni esithuthuke kakhulu, kukhona amathuba okuthi umdlavuza ungavela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ngama-metastases abe njalo emathanjeni noma emaphashini, ngokwesibonelo.