Yini ama-carbohydrate, izinhlobo eziyinhloko nokuthi enzelwe ini

-Delile

• Yini efanelekile
• Ingabe ukhona omunye umthombo wamandla ngaphandle kwe-glucose?
• Izinhlobo zama-carbohydrate
• 1. Elula
• 2. Izakhiwo
• Kuyini ukudla kwe-carbohydrate
• Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi umzimba we-carbohydrate metabolism

Ama-carbohydrate, aziwa nangokuthi ama-carbohydrate noma ama-saccharides, angamamolekyu anesakhiwo esakhiwe ngekhabhoni, i-oxygen ne-hydrogen, umsebenzi wawo omkhulu ukunikeza amandla emzimbeni, ngoba i-1 gram ye-carbohydrate ilingana ne-4 Kcal, eyakha cishe ama-50 kuye kuma-60% indlela yokudla.

Ezinye izibonelo zokudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate irayisi, i-oats, uju, ushukela, amazambane, phakathi kokunye, okungahlukaniswa ngama-carbohydrate alula futhi ayinkimbinkimbi, ngokusho kwesakhiwo sawo samangqamuzana.

Yini efanelekile

Ama-carbohydrate awumthombo oyinhloko wamandla emzimbeni ngoba, ngesikhathi sokugaya, kukhiqizwa i-glucose, okuyizinto ezikhethwa ngamaseli ukukhiqiza amandla, adiliza le molekyuli ibe yi-ATP, esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzisa umzimba, ukuze isebenze kahle umzimba. I-glucose isetshenziswa kakhulu ubuchopho, obusebenzisa cishe u-120 g, kokungu-160 g okuphelele okusetshenziswa nsuku zonke.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye kashukela ekhiqizwayo igcinwa ngendlela ye-glycogen esibindini, bese kuthi ingxenye encane igcinwe emisipheni, ezimeni lapho umzimba udinga khona izinqolobane, njengezimo zokuzila ukudla isikhathi eside, ukuphaphama noma umzimba ukucindezeleka, isibonelo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate nakho kubalulekile ekulondolozeni imisipha, ngoba ukuntuleka kwe-glucose kuthanda ukulahleka kwesisindo semisipha. I-fibre nayo iluhlobo lwe-carbohydrate, okuthi, yize ingagaywanga ku-glucose, ibalulekile enqubeni yokugaya, ngoba inciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-cholesterol, isiza ukugcina ushukela wegazi, inyusa ukuhamba kwamathumbu futhi ithande ukukhuphula ivolumu yendle, ukugwema ukuqunjelwa.

Ingabe ukhona omunye umthombo wamandla ngaphandle kwe-glucose?

Yebo. Uma umzimba usebenzisa izinqolobane zeglucose futhi kungekho okudliwayo kwe-carbohydrate noma lapho ukuphuza kunganele, umzimba uqala ukusebenzisa amafutha omzimba ukukhiqiza amandla (i-ATP), esikhundleni se-glucose ngemizimba ye-ketone.

Izinhlobo zama-carbohydrate

Ama-carbohydrate angahlukaniswa ngokobunzima bawo, abe:

1. Elula

Ama-carbohydrate alula amayunithi okuthi, uma ehlanganiswa ndawonye, ​​akhe ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi. Izibonelo zama-carbohydrate alula yi-glucose, i-ribose, i-xylose, i-galactose ne-fructose. Lapho kudliwa ingxenye ethile ye-carbohydrate, le molekyuli eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ibola ezingeni lomgudu wamathumbu, ize ifinyelele emathunjini ngesimo sama-monosaccharides, ukuze ingene kamuva.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamayunithi amabili ama-monosaccharides akha ama-disaccharides, njenge-sucrose (i-glucose + fructose), okuyi-sugar sugar, i-lactose (i-glucose + galactose) ne-maltose (i-glucose + glucose), ngokwesibonelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlangana kwamayunithi ama-3 kuya kwayi-10 wama-monosaccharides kuphakamisa ama-oligosaccharides.

2. Izakhiwo

Ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi noma ama-polysaccharides, yilawo aqukethe amayunithi angaphezu kwe-10 wama-monosaccharides, akha izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zamangqamuzana, ezingaba ulayini noma amagatsha. Ezinye izibonelo isitashi noma i-glycogen.

Kuyini ukudla kwe-carbohydrate

Okunye ukudla okunothe kuma-carbohydrate yisinkwa, ufulawa kakolweni, ubhontshisi waseFrance, ubhontshisi, udali, amantongomane, ibhali, i-oats, isitashi sommbila, amazambane namazambane, isibonelo.

Ukweqiwa kwama-carbohydrate kufakwa emzimbeni ngohlobo lwamafutha, ngakho-ke, yize ebaluleke kakhulu, umuntu kufanele agweme ukungenisa ngokweqile, kunconywe ukuthi kudliwe cishe amagremu angama-200 kuye kwangama-300 ngosuku, okuyinani elihluka ngokuya isisindo, ubudala, ubulili nokuzivocavoca umzimba.

Bona ukudla okuningi okune-carbohydrate.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi umzimba we-carbohydrate metabolism

Ama-carbohydrate angenelela ezindleleni eziningana zokunciphisa umzimba, njenge:

• I-Glycolysis: kuyindlela ye-metabolic lapho i-glucose ifakwe i-oxidized ukuthola amandla amaseli omzimba. Phakathi nale nqubo, kwakhiwa ama-ATP nama-2 pyruvate molecule, asetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela ze-metabolic, ukuthola amandla amaningi;
• I-Gluconeogenesis: ngale ndlela ye-metabolic, i-glucose ingakhiqizwa ivela emithonjeni ngaphandle kwama-carbohydrate. Le ndlela ivuselelwa lapho umzimba uhamba isikhathi esisheshayo sokuzila, lapho i-glucose ingakhiqizwa nge-glycerol, kusuka ku-fatty acid, ama-amino acid noma i-lactate;
• I-Glycogenolysis: kuyinqubo yokuhleleka, lapho i-glycogen egcinwe esibindi kanye / noma imisipha idilizwa phansi ukuze yenze i-glucose. Le ndlela iyasebenza lapho umzimba udinga ukwanda kweglucose yegazi;
• I-Glucogenesis: kuyinqubo ye-metabolic lapho kukhiqizwa khona i-glycogen, enama-molecule amaningi eglucose, agcinwa esibindini futhi, ngezinga elithile, emisipheni. Le nqubo yenzeka ngemuva kokudla ukudla okunama-carbohydrate.

Lezi zindlela zokusebenzisa umzimba ziyasebenza kuye ngezidingo zomzimba nesimo azithola ekuso.