CD4 vs. Viral Load: What is in a Number?

-Delile

• Siyini isibalo se-CD4?
• Uyini umthwalo wegciwane?
• Buyini ubudlelwane phakathi kwalaba ababili?
• Umuntu angahlolwa kangaki?
• Kungani kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo?
• AmaBlips
• Ukumelana nezidakamizwa
• Kungani ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kubaluleke kangaka?
• Uyini umbono wabantu abane-HIV?

Isibalo se-CD4 nomthamo wegciwane egazini

Uma umuntu ethola ukuxilongwa nge-HIV, kunezinto ezimbili azofuna ukuzazi: isibalo sakhe se-CD4 kanye nomthamo wegciwane egazini lakhe. Lawa manani abanika wona kanye nomhlinzeki wabo wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana:

• impilo yamasosha abo omzimba
• ukuqhubeka kwe-HIV emzimbeni wabo
• ukuthi umzimba wabo uphendula kanjani ekwelashweni nge-HIV
• ukuthi leli gciwane ngokwalo liphendula kanjani ekwelashweni nge-HIV

Siyini isibalo se-CD4?

Isibalo se-CD4 ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukubheka inani lamaseli e-CD4 emzimbeni. Amaseli e-CD4 awuhlobo lweseli elimhlophe (WBC). Zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile emasosheni omzimba. Baxwayisa amanye amaseli omzimba ngokutholakala kwezifo ezinjengebhaktheriya namanye amagciwane emzimbeni. Amaseli e-CD4 abuye abe yiqoqo lamaseli omzimba abizwa ngama-T cell.

Uma umuntu ephila ne-HIV, igciwane lihlasela amaseli e-CD4 egazini lakhe. Le nqubo ilimaza amaseli e-CD4 futhi idale ukuthi inani lawo emzimbeni lehle, okwenza kube nzima ukulwa nezifo.

Izibalo ze-CD4 zikhombisa ukuqina kwamasosha omzimba. Amasosha omzimba aphilile ngokuvamile anezibalo ze-CD4 ezisukela kumaseli angama-500 kuye kwayi-1,600 nge-cubic millimeter yegazi (amaseli / mm3), ngokwe-HIV.gov.

Uma isibalo se-CD4 singaphansi kuka-200 cell / mm3, umuntu uzothola ukuxilongwa kwe-AIDS. I-AIDS yenzeka esigabeni sesi-3 se-HIV. Kulesi sigaba, amasosha omzimba abuthaka ngenxa yenani eliphansi lamaseli e-CD4 atholakalayo ukulwa nezifo.

Uyini umthwalo wegciwane?

Ukuhlolelwa umthamo wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kukala inani lezinhlayiya ze-HIV kumamililitha (mL) egazi. Lezi zinhlayiya zaziwa nangokuthi "amakhophi." Ukuhlolwa kubheka ukuqhubeka kwe-HIV emzimbeni. Kuyasiza futhi nokubona ukuthi ukwelashwa komuntu nge-HIV kuyilawula kahle kanjani i-HIV emzimbeni wakhe.

Umthamo omkhulu wegciwane ungabonisa ukudluliswa kwe-HIV kwakamuva, noma i-HIV engalashwa noma engalawulwa. Imithwalo yegciwane imvamisa iphakeme kakhulu isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokuthola i-HIV. Ziyancipha njengoba amasosha omzimba elwa ne-HIV, kodwa bese enyuka futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba amaseli e-CD4 efa. Umthamo wegciwane ungafaka izigidi zamakhophi nge-mL yegazi ngayinye, ikakhulukazi lapho igciwane liqala ukuthola igciwane.

Umthamo wegciwane eliphansi ukhombisa amakhophi ambalwa e-HIV egazini. Uma uhlelo lokwelashwa kwe-HIV lusebenza ngempumelelo, umuntu uzokwazi ukugcina umthamo we-virus ophansi.

Buyini ubudlelwane phakathi kwalaba ababili?

Abukho ubuhlobo obuqondile phakathi kwesibalo se-CD4 nomthamo wegciwane. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, isibalo se-CD4 esiphakeme kanye nomthamo wegciwane eliphansi - noma ongatholakali - uyathandeka. Uma isibalo se-CD4 siphezulu, amasosha omzimba aba nempilo enhle. Ukwehla kwesisindo segciwane egazini, kulula kakhulu ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kuyasebenza.

Lapho i-HIV ihlasela amaseli e-CD4 aphilile, igciwane liwaphendula libe yizimboni zenze amakhophi amasha e-HIV ngaphambi kokuwachitha. Uma i-HIV ihlala ingalashwa, isibalo se-CD4 siyancipha nomthamo wegciwane uyenyuka.

Umuntu angahlolwa kangaki?

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kungenzeka enze izibalo ze-CD4 kanye nokuhlolwa komthamo wegciwane kaningi ekuqaleni kokwelashwa kwe-HIV noma nganoma yiziphi izinguquko emithini. Iningi labantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza kufanele bahlolwe ilebhu njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kwezine, ngokwemikhombandlela yamanje yokuhlolwa kwelab.

Ukuhlolwa njalo kaningi kungadingeka kwabanye abantu, njengalabo abaseminyakeni yabo yokuqala emibili yokwelashwa noma labo abanesisindo segciwane elingacindezelwanga. Ukuhlolwa okungajwayelekile kungadingeka kubantu abathatha imishanguzo yansuku zonke noma abagcine umthamo we-virus ocindezelwe isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emibili. Bangadinga ukuhlolwa kabili kuphela ngonyaka.

Kungani kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo?

Umphumela owodwa wokuhlolwa kwe-CD4 noma we-viral load umele kuphela isifinyezo ngesikhathi. Kubalulekile ukulandelela zombili lezi zinto futhi ucabangele izitayela emiphumeleni yokuhlola kunokubheka kuphela imiphumela yokuhlolwa komuntu ngamunye.

Khumbula ukuthi lawa magugu angahluka ngezizathu eziningi, ngisho nosuku lonke. Isikhathi sosuku, noma yikuphi ukugula, nokugoma kwakamuva konke kungathinta isibalo se-CD4 nomthamo wegciwane egazini. Ngaphandle kokuthi isibalo se-CD4 siphansi kakhulu, lokhu kushintshashintsha kwemvelo akuvamile ukukhathaza.

Ukuhlolwa njalo komthamo wegciwane, hhayi ukubalwa kwe-CD4, kusetshenziselwa ukunquma ukusebenza kokwelapha komuntu i-HIV. Lapho umuntu eqala ukwelashwa nge-HIV, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzofuna ukubona ukuthi i-HIV iphendula kahle kanjani emzimbeni wakhe. Inhloso yokwelashwa kwe-HIV ukunciphisa noma ukucindezela inani legciwane egazini lingabonakali. Ngokusho kwe-HIV.gov, umthamo wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngokuvamile awutholakali ngaphansi kwamazinga angama-40 kuye kwangama-75 amakhophi / ml. Inombolo eqondile incike kubhu ehlaziya izivivinyo.

AmaBlips

Abanye abantu bangathola ama-blips. Lokhu kungokwesikhashana, imvamisa kukhuphuka okuncane kumthamo wegciwane. Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzoqapha umthamo wegciwane eduze ukuze abone ukuthi ubuyela ezingeni elingatholakali ngaphandle koshintsho ekwelashweni.

Ukumelana nezidakamizwa

Esinye isizathu sokuhlolwa njalo komthamo wegciwane egazini ukuqapha noma yikuphi ukumelana nomuthi ekwelashweni kwe-HIV okunqunyiwe. Ukugcina umthamo wegciwane eliphansi kunciphisa ubungozi bokumelana nokwelashwa. Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angasebenzisa ukuhlolwa komthamo wegciwane egazini ukwenza ushintsho oludingekayo ohlelweni lokwelashwa komuntu lwe-HIV.

Kungani ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kubaluleke kangaka?

Ukwelashwa nge-HIV kubizwa nangokuthi ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane noma i-HAART). Siqukethe inhlanganisela yezidambisigciwane. Zenzelwe ukugcina igciwane lingasabalali emzimbeni wakho ngokukhomba amaprotheni ahlukile noma izindlela igciwane elizisebenzisayo ukuziphindaphinda.

Ukwelashwa ngama-antiretroviral kungenza umthamo wegciwane uphansi kakhulu kangangokuthi awutholakali ngokuhlolwa. Lokhu kubizwa nge-. Uma umuntu ecindezelwe ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza noma enomthamo wegciwane lengculazi ongabonakali, i-HIV yakhe iyalawulwa.

Ukuqala ukwelashwa kwe-HIV ngokushesha nje lapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa kwe-HIV kuvumela umuntu ukuthi aphile impilo ende, enempilo. Imihlahlandlela yokwelashwa yamanje evela eMnyangweni Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-U.S. Incoma ukuthi umuntu ophila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza aqale imishanguzo yokuthithibalisa igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngokushesha okukhulu ngemuva kokuxilongwa. Lokhu kubalulekile ekwehliseni izifo ezingosomathuba nokuvikela izinkinga ezivela kwi-HIV.

Enye inzuzo yokuthola i-HIV ngaphansi kolawulo nokuba nomthamo wegciwane lengculazi ongabonakali ukuthi kusiza ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV kwabanye. Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi "ukwelashwa njengokuvikela." Ngokusho kwabantu, abantu abane-HIV abathatha imishanguzo abayinikiwe futhi bagcine umthamo wegciwane lengculazi ongatholakali "abanabo ubungozi" bokudlulisela i-HIV kubantu abangenayo.

Uyini umbono wabantu abane-HIV?

Akunandaba ukuthi isigaba se-HIV siphi isigaba, kunezinzuzo zokugcina umkhondo walezi zinombolo. Ukwelashwa nge-HIV sekuhambe ibanga elide kule minyaka edlule. Ukulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa olunconywayo nokuphila ngendlela enempilo kungasiza umuntu ukuthi agcine isibalo sakhe se-CD4 siphezulu nomthamo wegciwane egazini uphansi.

Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokuqapha okusebenzayo kungasiza umuntu ukuphatha isimo sakhe, kunciphise ubungozi bezinkinga, futhi aphile impilo ende futhi enempilo.