Izici Zengozi Yomdlavuza Wesibeletho

-Delile

• I-papillomavirus yomuntu
• Ezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi
• Imikhuba yokuphila
• Imithi yezempilo yokuzala
• Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi
• Ukunciphisa amathuba akho okuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Uyini umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho?

Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho wenzeka lapho ukukhula okungajwayelekile kwamaseli (i-dysplasia) kutholakala emlonyeni wesibeletho, otholakala phakathi kwesitho sowesifazane nesibeletho. Imvamisa ikhula ngaphezu kweminyaka eminingana. Njengoba kunezimpawu ezimbalwa, abesifazane abaningi abazi nokuthi banayo.

Imvamisa umdlavuza wesibeletho utholakala ku-Pap smear ngesikhathi sokuvakashelwa kwabesifazane. Uma itholakala ngesikhathi, ingelashwa ngaphambi kokuba idale izinkinga ezinkulu.

INational Cancer Institute ilinganisela ukuthi kuzoba nezigameko ezintsha ezingaphezu kuka-13,000 zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ngonyaka wezi-2019. Ukutheleleka nge-human papillomavirus (HPV) kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekubhekaneni nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Kodwa-ke, kukhona nezinye izinto ezingakubeka engcupheni.

I-papillomavirus yomuntu

I-HPV yisifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI). Ingadluliselwa ngokuxhumana kwesikhumba nesikhumba noma ngesikhathi socansi lomlomo, lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, noma sangasese.

I-HPV ingenye yezifo ezithathelana ngokocansi ezivame kakhulu e-United States. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi okungenani isigamu sabantu bazothola uhlobo lwe-HPV ngesikhathi esisodwa ezimpilweni zabo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-HPV. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyi-HPVs ezinobungozi obuphansi futhi zidala izinsumpa ngaphakathi noma eduze kwesitho sangasese, ingquza nomlomo. Ezinye izinhlobo zibhekwa njengengozi enkulu futhi zingadala umdlavuza.

Ikakhulu, izinhlobo ze-HPV 16 no-18 zihlotshaniswa kakhulu nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Lezi zinhlobo zihlasela izicubu zomlomo wesibeletho futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zidala ushintsho kumaseli wesibeletho nezilonda ezikhula zibe ngumdlavuza.

Akuwona wonke umuntu one-HPV eba nomdlavuza. Eqinisweni, imvamisa ukutheleleka kwe-HPV kuyazihambela.

Indlela engcono yokwehlisa amathuba akho okuthola i-HPV ukwenza ucansi ngekhondomu noma enye indlela yokuvimbela. Futhi, thola iPap smear ejwayelekile ukubona ukuthi ngabe i-HPV idale ushintsho kumaseli wesibeletho.

Ezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi

Ezinye izifo zocansi zingakubeka engcupheni yokuba nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Igciwane lesandulela-ngculazi (i-HIV) lenza buthakathaka amasosha omzimba. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu emzimbeni ukulwa nomdlavuza noma izifo ezifana ne-HPV.

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, abesifazane njengamanje abane-chlamydia kungenzeka babe nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. I-Chlamydia iyi-STI edalwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Imvamisa ayinazo izimpawu.

Imikhuba yokuphila

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho zihlobene nemikhuba yokuphila. Uma ubhema, unamathuba aphindwe kabili okuba nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ukubhema kwehlisa amandla omzimba wakho wokulwa nezifo ezinjenge-HPV.

Ngokwengeziwe, ukubhema kungenisa amakhemikhali angadala umdlavuza emzimbeni wakho. Lawa makhemikhali abizwa ngama-carcinogens. Ama-carcinogens angadala ukulimala kwe-DNA kumaseli wesibeletho sakho. Bangadlala indima ekwakheni umdlavuza.

Ukudla kwakho kungathinta namathuba akho okuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho. Abesifazane abanesisindo sokukhuluphala maningi amathuba okuthi bahlakulele izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Abesifazane abadla ukudla okungenazithelo nemifino nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Imithi yezempilo yokuzala

Abesifazane abathatha izinto zokuvimbela inzalo zomlomo eziqukethe izinhlobo zokwenziwa kwamahomoni i-estrogen ne-progesterone basengozini enkulu yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abangakaze bathathe izinto zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo.

Kodwa-ke, ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho iyancipha ngemuva kokumisa ukukhulelwa komlomo. Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, ubungozi bubuyela kokujwayelekile ngemuva kweminyaka engaba yishumi.

Abesifazane ababa ne-intrauterine device (IUD) empeleni basengozini ephansi yomdlavuza wesibeletho kunabesifazane abangakaze babe ne-IUD. Lokhu kuseyiqiniso noma ngabe idivayisi yasetshenziswa isikhathi esingaphansi konyaka.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi

Kunezinye izinto eziningi eziyingozi zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Abesifazane asebekhulelwe okungaphezu kokuthathu okuphelele noma bebancane kuneminyaka eyi-17 ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabo kokuqala ngokugcwele basengozini enkulu yomdlavuza wesibeletho.

Ukuba nomlando womndeni womdlavuza wesibeletho nakho kuyingozi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma isihlobo esiqondile esifana nonyoko noma udadewenu sibe nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Ukunciphisa amathuba akho okuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho

Ukuba sengozini yokuthola noma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza kungaba inselele ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo. Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi umdlavuza wesibeletho ungavikeleka. Ikhula kancane futhi kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukunciphisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza.

Umuthi wokugoma uyatholakala ukuvikela kwezinye zezinhlobo ze-HPV ezingadala umdlavuza wesibeletho. Okwamanje kubafana namantombazane aneminyaka engu-11 kuya ku-12. Kunconyelwa nabesifazane abafinyelela kwabaneminyaka engama-45 nabesilisa abaneminyaka engama-21 ababengagonyiwe phambilini.

Uma uphakathi kwalesi sikhathi sobudala futhi ungakagonywa, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngokugoma.

Ngaphezu kokugoma, ukwenza ucansi ngekhondomu noma enye indlela yokuvimba nokuyeka ukubhema uma ubhema kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile ongazithatha ukuvikela umdlavuza wesibeletho.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho njalo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwehlisa ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Kufanele uhlolwe kangaki? Isikhathi nohlobo lokuhlola lincike eminyakeni yakho yobudala.

I-U.S. Preventive Task Force isanda kukhipha ibuyekezelwe ukuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Kubandakanya:

• Abesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-21: Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho akunconyiwe.
• Abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-21 kuya kwengama-29: Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho ngePap smear kuphela njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
• Abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-30 kuya kwengama-65: Izinketho ezintathu zokuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, kufaka phakathi:
  • IPap smear yodwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu
  • ukuhlola okuyingozi kwe-HPV (hrHPV) kuphela njalo eminyakeni emihlanu
  • Kokubili iPap smear ne-hrHPV njalo eminyakeni emihlanu
• Abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu: Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho akunconywa, inqobo nje uma kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okwanele kwangaphambili.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Kunezici ezahlukahlukene eziyingozi zokuba nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukutheleleka nge-HPV. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifo zocansi zocansi kanye nemikhuba yokuphila nayo ingakhuphula ubungozi bakho.

Kunezinto eziningi ezahlukahlukene ongazenza ukusiza ukwehlisa ubungozi bokuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho. Lokhu kungafaka:

• ukugonywa
• ukuthola ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho njalo
• ukwenza ucansi ngekhondomu noma enye indlela yokuvimbela

Uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze nixoxe ngezinketho zakho. Ngaleyo ndlela, uzokwazi ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelashwa olulungele wena.