Inqubulunjwana

-Delile

• Yiziphi izimpawu zikankukhu?
• Yini ebangela ingxibongo?
• Ubani osengcupheni yokuhlaselwa umqubu wenkukhu?
• Itholakala kanjani ingxibongo?
• Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zezinkukhu?
• Yelashwa kanjani ingxibongo?
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?
• Ingavinjelwa kanjani ingxibongo?

Yini i-chickenpox?

I-Chickenpox, ebizwa nangokuthi i-varicella, ibonakala ngamabhamuza abomvu alumayo avela emzimbeni wonke. Igciwane lidala lesi simo. Imvamisa kuthinta izingane, futhi kwakuyinsakavukela ukubhekwa njengenkambiso yobuntwana yokudlula.

Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ukuba nokutheleleka kwenkukhu ngokuphindaphindiwe. Futhi selokhu kwethulwa umuthi wokugomela inkukhu maphakathi nawo-1990, amacala anciphile.

Yiziphi izimpawu zikankukhu?

Ukuqhuma okulumayo kuyisifo esivame kakhulu se-chickenpox. Ukutheleleka kuzofanele kube semzimbeni wakho izinsuku ezingaba yisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-21 ngaphambi kokuqubuka nezinye izimpawu. Uqala ukutheleleka kulabo abakuzungezile kuze kufike emahoreni angama-48 ngaphambi kokuba ukuqubuka kwesikhumba kuqale ukuvela.

Izimpawu ezingezona ezokujaha zingahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa futhi zifaka:

• imfiva
• ikhanda
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla

Ngemuva kosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili uhlangabezane nalezi zimpawu, ukuqubuka okudala kuzoqala ukukhula. Ukuqubuka kudlula ezigabeni ezintathu ngaphambi kokuthi ululame. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Uba namaqhubu abomvu noma abomvana emzimbeni wakho wonke.
• Amabhampa aba ngamabhaladi agcwele uketshezi oluvuzayo.
• Amaqhuqhuva ayaqina, aqhephuka, bese aqala ukuphola.

Amabhamu emzimbeni wakho ngeke abe sesigabeni esifanayo ngasikhathi sinye. Amaqhubu amasha azovela ngokuqhubekayo kulo lonke ukutheleleka kwakho. Ukuqhuma kungenzeka kube lula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume uqweqwe.

Usathathelana kuze kube yilapho wonke amabhamuza asemzimbeni wakho eklwebhekile. Izindawo ezinesigaxa sogwayi ekugcineni ziyawa. Kuthatha izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyi-14 ukunyamalala ngokuphelele.

Yini ebangela ingxibongo?

I-Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) ibanga ukutheleleka kwenkukhu. Izimo eziningi zenzeka ngokuxhumana nomuntu onegciwane. Leli gciwane liyathathelana nalabo abaseduze kwakho usuku olulodwa kuya kwezimbili ngaphambi kokuba kuvele amabhamuza. I-VZV ihlala isakazeka kuze kube yilapho wonke amabhamuza ephelile. Igciwane lingasakazeka nge:

• amathe
• ukukhwehlela
• ukuthimula
• thinta uketshezi oluvela kumabhaladi

Ubani osengcupheni yokuhlaselwa umqubu wenkukhu?

Ukuvezwa kwegciwane ngokusebenzisa ukutheleleka okusebenzayo noma ukugoma kwangaphambilini kunciphisa ubungozi. Ukuzivikela kwegciwane kungadluliselwa kusuka kumama kuye enganeni yakhe esanda kuzalwa. Amasosha omzimba ahlala cishe izinyanga ezintathu kusukela ezelwe.

Noma ngubani ongadalulwanga angalithola leli gciwane. Ukunyuka kwengozi ngaphansi kwanoma iyiphi yalezi zimo:

• Uxhumane nomuntu onegciwane muva nje.
• Uneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-12 ubudala.
• Ungumuntu omdala ohlala nezingane.
• Uchithe isikhathi esikoleni noma esikhungweni sokunakekela izingane.
• Amasosha akho omzimba ayekethisa ngenxa yokugula noma imithi.

Itholakala kanjani ingxibongo?

Kufanele njalo ushayele udokotela wakho noma kunini lapho uba nokuqubuka okungachazeki, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nezimpawu ezibandayo noma umkhuhlane. Elinye lamagciwane noma izifo ezimbalwa lingakuthinta. Tshela udokotela wakho khona manjalo uma ukhulelwe futhi uvezwe yingxibongo.

Wena dokotela ungakwazi ukuxilonga ingxibongo ngokususelwa ekuhlolweni komzimba kwamabhamuza kuwe noma emzimbeni wengane yakho. Noma, ukuhlolwa kwelebhu kungaqinisekisa imbangela yamabhamuza.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zezinkukhu?

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma:

• Ukuqubuka kusakazeka emehlweni akho.
• Ukuqhuma kubomvu kakhulu, kuthambile futhi kufudumele (izimpawu zokutheleleka kwesibili kwebhaktheriya).
• Ukuqhuma kuhambisana nesiyezi noma ukuphefumula okuncane.

Lapho kwenzeka izinkinga, zivame ukuthinta:

• izinsana
• abantu abadala asebekhulile
• abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• abesifazane abakhulelwe

Lawa maqembu futhi angathola i-VZV pneumonia noma ukutheleleka kwamagciwane esikhunjeni, emalungeni, noma emathanjeni.

Abesifazane abavezwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa bangazala izingane ezinokukhubazeka kokuzalwa, kufaka phakathi:

• ukukhula okungekuhle
• usayizi omncane wekhanda
• izinkinga zamehlo
• ukukhubazeka ngokwengqondo

Yelashwa kanjani ingxibongo?

Iningi labantu okutholwa ukuthi linepopoxpo lizokwaziswa ukuthi liphathe izimpawu zalo ngenkathi lilinde ukuthi igciwane lidlule ohlelweni lwalo. Abazali bazotshelwa ukuthi bagcine izingane zingangeni esikoleni nasenkulisa ukunqanda ukusabalala kwegciwane. Abantu abadala abathelelekile kuzodingeka nokuthi bahlale ekhaya.

Udokotela wakho angakunikeza imishanguzo ye-antihistamine noma amafutha okugcoba, noma ungathenga lokhu phezu kwekhawunta ukusiza ukuqeda ukulunywa. Ungaphinda uthambise isikhumba sokuluma ngo:

• ukugeza ngamanzi afudumele
• ukufaka i-lotion engenamanzi
• egqoke izingubo ezingasindi, ezithambile

Udokotela wakho angakunikeza imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga ezivela kuleligciwane noma usengozini yemiphumela emibi. Abantu abasengozini enkulu imvamisa yintsha, abantu abadala asebekhulile, noma labo abanezinkinga eziyisisekelo zezokwelapha. Le mithi elwa namagciwane ayiyelaphi ingxibongo. Benza izimpawu zibe nzima kakhulu ngokunciphisa umsebenzi wegciwane. Lokhu kuzovumela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuba alaphe ngokushesha.

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Umzimba ungazixazululela amacala amaningi ophethwe yizinkukhu uwedwa. Abantu bavame ukubuyela emisebenzini ejwayelekile kungakapheli isonto elilodwa noma amabili okutholakele.

Lapho nje ingulube yenkukhu isilaphekile, abantu abaningi bavikeleka kuleligciwane. Ngeke ivuselelwe ngoba i-VZV uqobo ihlala ingasebenzi emzimbeni womuntu ophilile. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kungahle kuvele futhi kubangele esinye isiqephu senkukhu.

Kuvame kakhulu ngama-shingles, ukuphazamiseka okwehlukile okwenziwe yi-VZV, ukuthi kwenzeke ngemuva kwesikhathi lapho usumdala. Uma amasosha omzimba womuntu entekenteke okwesikhashana, i-VZV ingahle isebenze ngendlela yama-shingles. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokuguga noma ukuba nokugula okuqeda amandla.

Ingavinjelwa kanjani ingxibongo?

Umuthi wokugomela inkukhu uvimbela ingxibongo kumaphesenti angama-98 abantu abathola imithamo emibili enconyiwe. Ingane yakho kufanele idutshulwe lapho iphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 nezingu-15 ubudala. Izingane zithola i-booster ephakathi kweminyaka emi-4 nengu-6 ubudala.

Izingane ezindala nabantu abadala abangakagonywe noma abangavezwa bangathola imithamo yokubamba umuthi wokugoma. Njengoba i-chickenpox ijwayele ukuba nzima kakhulu kubantu abadala asebekhulile, abantu abangakagonywanga bangakhetha ukuthola izibhamu kamuva.

Abantu abangakwazi ukuthola umuthi wokugoma bangazama ukugwema igciwane ngokunciphisa ukuxhumana nabantu abanegciwane. Kepha lokhu kungaba nzima. I-chickenpox ayikwazi ukukhonjwa ngamabhamuza ayo kuze kube yilapho isivele isakazeka kwabanye izinsuku.