Cholesterol

-Delile

• Isifinyezo
• Yini i-cholesterol?
• Yini i-HDL, i-LDL, ne-VLDL?
• Yini ebangela i-cholesterol ephezulu?
• Yini engakhuphula ingozi yokuba ne-cholesterol ephezulu?
• Iziphi izinkinga zempilo ezingabangelwa yi-cholesterol ephezulu?
• Itholakala kanjani i-cholesterol ephezulu?
• Ngingayinciphisa kanjani i-cholesterol yami?

Isifinyezo

Yini i-cholesterol?

I-cholesterol yinto e-waxy, efana namafutha etholakala kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wakho. Umzimba wakho udinga i-cholesterol ethile ukwenza ama-hormone, uvithamini D, nezinto ezikusiza ukugaya ukudla. Umzimba wakho wenza yonke i-cholesterol eyidingayo. I-cholesterol itholakala nasekudleni okuvela emithonjeni yezilwane, njengezikhupha zamaqanda, inyama, noshizi.

Uma une-cholesterol eningi egazini lakho, ingahlangana nezinye izinto ezisegazini ukwakha uqwembe. Uqwembe lunamathela ezindongeni zemithambo yakho. Leli qweqwe lokwakha laziwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis. Kungaholela esonweni semithambo yenhliziyo, lapho imithambo yakho yenhliziyo iba mincane noma ivinjwe khona.

Yini i-HDL, i-LDL, ne-VLDL?

I-HDL, i-LDL, ne-VLDL ngama-lipoprotein. Ziyinhlanganisela yamafutha (lipid) namaprotheni. Ama-lipids adinga ukunamathiselwa kuma-protein ukuze akwazi ukuhamba egazini. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-lipoprotein zinezinjongo ezihlukile:

• I-HDL imele i-high-density lipoprotein. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa nge-cholesterol "enhle" ngoba ithwala i-cholesterol kusuka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho ibuyele esibindini sakho. Isibindi sakho bese sikhipha i-cholesterol emzimbeni wakho.
• I-LDL imele i-low-density lipoprotein. Kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge-cholesterol "embi" ngoba ileveli ephezulu ye-LDL iholela ekwakhiweni kocwecwe emithanjeni yakho.
• I-VLDL imele i-lipoprotein esezingeni eliphansi kakhulu. Abanye abantu babiza i-VLDL nge-cholesterol "embi" ngoba nayo ineqhaza ekwakhiweni kocwecwe emithanjeni yakho. Kepha i-VLDL ne-LDL kwehlukile; I-VLDL ikakhulukazi ithwala i-triglycerides kanti i-LDL iphethe kakhulu i-cholesterol.

Yini ebangela i-cholesterol ephezulu?

Isizathu esivame kakhulu se-cholesterol ephezulu yindlela yokuphila engenampilo. Lokhu kungafaka

• Imikhuba yokudla engenampilo, njengokudla amafutha amaningi amabi. Uhlobo olulodwa, amafutha asuthisiwe, atholakala kokunye inyama, imikhiqizo yobisi, ushokoledi, izimpahla ezibhakiwe, kanye nokudla okuthosiwe futhi okugayiwe. Olunye uhlobo, amafutha asetshenzisiwe, atholakala kokunye ukudla okuthosiwe nokwenziwe. Ukudla lawa mafutha kungakhuphula i-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL (embi).
• Ukungabi nokuzivocavoca umzimba, ngokuhlala okuningi nokuvivinya umzimba okuncane. Lokhu kwehlisa i-cholesterol yakho ye-HDL (enhle).
• Ukubhema, eyehlisa i-cholesterol ye-HDL, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane. Iphinde inyuse i-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL.

Izakhi zofuzo zingadala nokuthi abantu babe ne-cholesterol ephezulu. Isibonelo, i-hypercholesterolemia yomndeni (i-FH) iyindlela ezuzwe njengefa ye-cholesterol ephezulu. Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha nemithi ethile ingadala ne-cholesterol ephezulu.

Yini engakhuphula ingozi yokuba ne-cholesterol ephezulu?

Izinto ezahlukahlukene zingakhuphula ubungozi be-cholesterol ephezulu:

• Ubudala. Amazinga akho e-cholesterol avame ukukhuphuka njengoba ukhula. Noma kungavamile kakhulu, abantu abasha, kufaka phakathi izingane nentsha, nabo bangaba ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Ufuzo. I-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi ingasebenza emindenini.
• Isisindo. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kukhuphula izinga lakho le-cholesterol.
• Ubuhlanga. Izinhlanga ezithile zingaba nengozi eyengeziwe ye-cholesterol ephezulu. Isibonelo, ama-Afrika aseMelika anezinga eliphakeme le-HDL nele-LDL kunabamhlophe.

Iziphi izinkinga zempilo ezingabangelwa yi-cholesterol ephezulu?

Uma unediphozi enkulu emithanjeni yakho, indawo yoqwembe ingaqhekeka (ivuleke). Lokhu kungadala ukuthi i-clot yegazi yakheke ebusweni be-plaque. Uma iqhwa liba likhulu ngokwanele, lingavimba kakhulu noma livimbe ngokuphelele ukugeleza kwegazi emthanjeni we-coronary.

Uma ukugeleza kwegazi eligcwele umoya-mpilo kuya emisipheni yenhliziyo yakho kunciphile noma kuvinjelwe, kungadala i-angina (ubuhlungu besifuba) noma isifo senhliziyo.

I-plaque nayo ingakha kweminye imithambo emzimbeni wakho, kufaka phakathi imithambo eletha igazi eligcwele umoya-mpilo ebuchosheni bakho nasemilenzeni yakho. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinjenge-carotid artery disease, isifo sohlangothi, nesifo semithambo yegazi.

Itholakala kanjani i-cholesterol ephezulu?

Ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu noma izimpawu zokuthi une-cholesterol ephezulu. Kukhona ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukukala izinga lakho le-cholesterol. Ungasithola nini futhi kangaki lesi sivivinyo kuya ngeminyaka yakho, izinto ezinobungozi, nomlando womndeni. Izincomo ezijwayelekile yilezi:

Okwabantu abaneminyaka engu-19 noma ngaphansi:

• Isivivinyo sokuqala kufanele sibe phakathi kweminyaka eyi-9 kuye ku-11
• Izingane kufanele zihlolwe futhi njalo eminyakeni emihlanu
• Ezinye izingane zingaba nalokhu kuhlolwa kusuka eminyakeni emibili uma kunomlando womndeni we-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi, isifo senhliziyo, noma isifo sohlangothi

Kubantu abaneminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu:

• Abantu abadala abancane kufanele bahlolwe njalo eminyakeni emihlanu
• Abesilisa abaneminyaka engama-45 kuye kwengama-65 nabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-55 kuya kwengama-65 kufanele babe nayo njalo eminyakeni engu-1 kuye kwengu-2

Ngingayinciphisa kanjani i-cholesterol yami?

Unganciphisa i-cholesterol yakho ngokushintsha kwempilo enempilo. Kubandakanya uhlelo lokudla olunempilo yenhliziyo, ukuphathwa kwesisindo, nokuvivinya umzimba njalo.

Uma indlela yokuphila iguquka iyodwa ayiyinciphisi ngokwanele i-cholesterol yakho, kungadingeka ukuthi uphuze nemithi. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol etholakalayo, kufaka phakathi ama-statins. Uma uthatha imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol yakho, kusamele uqhubeke nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila.

Abanye abantu abane-hypercholesterolemia yomndeni (FH) bangathola ukwelashwa okubizwa nge-lipoprotein apheresis. Le ndlela yokwelapha isebenzisa umshini wokuhlunga ukususa i-cholesterol ye-LDL egazini. Bese umshini ubuyisela lonke igazi emuva kumuntu.

I-NIH: I-National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Institute

• Isimo Sofuzo Sifundisa Intsha Ukubaluleka Kwempilo Yenhliziyo
• Okwenzayo Manje Kungavimbela Izifo Zenhliziyo Kamuva