Coloboma: kuyini, izinhlobo, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izinhlobo ze-coloboma
• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Yelashwa kanjani

IColoboma, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-cat's eye syndrome, wuhlobo lokungalungi kweso lapho kukhona ushintsho esakhiweni seso, olungathinta ijwabu leso noma iris, ukuze iso libukeke lifana nelika ikati, kepha amandla okubona cishe agcinwa njalo.

Yize i-coloboma ivame kakhulu esweni elilodwa, futhi ingahle ihlangane, kwezinye izimo, ithinte amehlo womabili, kepha uhlobo lwe-coloboma lungahluka kusuka kwelinye iso kuye kwelinye. Alisekho ikhambi lalolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka, kepha ukwelashwa kusiza ukunciphisa ezinye zezimpawu futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo yomuntu.

Izinhlobo ze-coloboma

IColoboma ingenzeka ngenxa yokuguqulwa okungahleliwe kwezakhi zofuzo okungazuzwa noma kwenzeke ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kwamanye amacala emndenini. Kodwa-ke, izimo eziningi ze-coloboma zenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko ngesikhathi se-embryogenesis yokukhulelwa.

Ngokwesakhiwo seso elithintekile, i-coloboma ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana, okuyiyona eyinhloko:

• Ijwabu leso: ingane izalwa ilahlekile isiqeshana sejwabu leso eliphezulu noma elingezansi, kepha inombono ojwayelekile;
• I-optic nerve coloboma: izingxenye zezinzwa ze-optic azikho, ezingagcina zithinte umbono noma zibangele ukungaboni;
• IColoboma yeretina: i-retina ayithuthukisiwe kahle noma inamaphutha amancane athinta umbono, okungadala amabala amnyama esithombeni esibonwayo, isibonelo;
• I-Macular coloboma: kukhona ukwehluleka ekwakhiweni kwesifunda esiphakathi se-retina ngakho-ke, umbono uthinteka kakhulu.

Yize kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-coloboma, okuvame kakhulu i-iris, lapho iris inesimo esihlukile kwesivamile, ifana neso lekati.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu ze-coloboma ziyahluka ngohlobo lwazo, noma kunjalo, izimpawu nezimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Umfundi ngesimo se 'keyhole';
• Ukuntuleka kwesiqephu sejwabu leso;
• Ukuzwela ngokweqile ekukhanyeni;
• Ubunzima bokukubona lokho abuthuthuki ngezingilazi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuyi-coloboma ye-optic nerve, i-retina noma i-macula, ukwehla okukhulu ekhonweni lokubona nakho kungavela futhi, kwezinye izingane, bangazalwa bengaboni.

Njengoba lezi zinguquko zivame ukuhlobene nezinye izinkinga, njenge-cataract, i-glaucoma noma i-nystagmus, isibonelo, udokotela angadinga ukwenza izivivinyo eziningana emehlweni engane ukuze ahlole ukuthi ngabe zikhona yini ezinye izinkinga ezidinga ukwelashwa.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-coloboma kuyadingeka kuphela lapho ushintsho lubangela ubunzima ekuboneni noma kwesinye isibonakaliso. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-ophthalmologist ihlela kuphela ama-aphoyintimenti njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-6 ukuhlola ukukhula kweso, okungenani kuze kube seminyakeni engu-7.

Ezimweni lapho kudingeka ukwelashwa, inqubo esetshenzisiwe iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesifo, futhi ingakhonjiswa:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwamalensi wokuxhumana anemibala: bane-iris edwetshiwe eyenza kube lula ukufihla umfundi onomumo ofana nowekati;
• Ukugqoka izibuko zelanga noma ukufaka izihlungi emawindini kusuka ekhaya nasemotweni: usizo lokwehlisa inani lokukhanya lapho kunokuzwela kwamehlo ngokweqile;
• Ukuhlinzwa kwezimonyo: ikuvumela ukuthi wakhe kabusha ijwabu leso elilahlekile noma ubuyisele unomphela ukwakheka komfundi.

Lapho ukwehla kwekhono lokubona, udokotela wezifo zamehlo angazama futhi amasu ahlukahlukene njengezibuko, amalensi noma ngisho nokuhlinzwa kwe-lasik, ukuzama ukukhomba ukuthi kukhona yini okungaba ngcono kumbono.