Okudingeka Ukwazi Ngobumpumputhe Bombala

-Delile

• Kuyini ukungaboni kombala?
• Kuvame kangakanani ukungaboni kahle kombala?
• Ziyini izimpawu zokungaboni kahle kombala?
• Yiziphi izinhlobo zobumpumputhe bombala?
• Ubumpumputhe bombala
• Kutholwe ubumpumputhe bombala
• Yini ebangela ubumpumputhe bombala?
• Ufuzo
• Izifo
• Imithi
• Ezinye izinto
• Kutholakala kanjani ubumpumputhe bombala?
• Uyini umbono wabantu abanobumpumputhe bombala?

Kuyini ukungaboni kombala?

Ubumpumputhe bombala buvela lapho izinkinga zombala wokuzwa umbala esweni zibangela ubunzima noma ukwehluleka ukuhlukanisa imibala.

Iningi labantu abane-colorblind abakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokubomvu nokuluhlaza. Ukuhlukanisa ama-yellows nama-blues nakho kungaba yinkinga, yize lolu hlobo lokungaboni kahle kwemibala lungajwayelekile.

Isimo sisuka kobumnene kuye kwesinzima. Uma uyi-colorblind ngokuphelele, okuyisimo esaziwa njenge-achromatopsia, ubona kuphela kwimpunga noma kumnyama nokumhlophe. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo asijwayelekile kakhulu.

Iningi labantu elinobumpumputhe bombala libona le mibala elandelayo kumashadi ombala kunokubomvu, imifino, namatayi abanye abawabonayo:

• ophuzi
• mpunga
• beige
• okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Kuvame kangakanani ukungaboni kahle kombala?

Ubumpumputhe bombala buvame kakhulu emadodeni. Abesifazane maningi amathuba okuthi baphathe i-chromosome engaphelele ebhekele ukudlulisa ubumpumputhe bombala, kepha amadoda maningi amathuba okuthi azuze lesi simo.

Ngokusho kwe-American Optometric Association, cishe amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili abesilisa abamhlophe bazalwa benenkinga yokubona imibala ngokuqhathanisa namaphesenti ama-0.5 wabesifazane bazo zonke izinhlanga.

U-2014 wobumpumputhe bemibala ezinganeni zasenkulisa eSouthern California uthole ukuthi ukuntuleka kokubona imibala kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezimhlophe ezingezona ezeSpanishi futhi kutholakala kakhulu ezinganeni eziMnyama.

I-Achromatopsia ithinta umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-30,000 emhlabeni jikelele. Kulawa, kuze kufike kumaphesenti ayi-10 abona umbala nhlobo.

Ziyini izimpawu zokungaboni kahle kombala?

Uphawu oluvame kakhulu lokungaboni kombala ukuguqulwa kombono wakho. Isibonelo, kungaba nzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokubomvu nokuluhlaza kwerobhothi. Imibala ingabonakala ingakhanyi kakhulu kunakuqala. Imibala ehlukene yombala ingabonakala yonke ifana.

Umbala wobumpumputhe uvame ukubonakala usemncane lapho izingane zifunda imibala yazo. Kwabanye abantu, inkinga ayibonakali ngoba bafundile ukuhlobanisa imibala ethile nezinto ezithile.

Isibonelo, bayazi ukuthi utshani buluhlaza, ngakho-ke babiza umbala ababona ukuthi uluhlaza. Uma izimpawu zimnene kakhulu, umuntu angahle angaboni ukuthi akaboni imibala ethile.

Kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho uma usola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho uyi-colorblind. Bazokwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa futhi banqume ezinye izindaba ezibucayi kakhulu zezempilo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zobumpumputhe bombala?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zobumpumputhe bombala.

Kolunye uhlobo, umuntu unenkinga yokutshela umehluko phakathi kokubomvu nokuluhlaza. Ngolunye uhlobo, umuntu unenkinga yokuhlukanisa phakathi okuphuzi nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Uhlobo lwesithathu lubizwa nge-achromatopsia. Umuntu onale fomu akakwazi ukubona noma imiphi imibala nhlobo - yonke into ibonakala impunga noma imnyama futhi imhlophe. I-Achromatopsia iyindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yokungaboni kombala.

Umbala wobumpumputhe ungazuzwa njengefa noma uzuzwe.

Ubumpumputhe bombala

Ubumpumputhe bombala obuzuzwe buvame kakhulu. Kungenxa yokukhubazeka kofuzo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isimo sidlula sidlule emndenini. Umuntu onamalungu omndeni asondele kakhulu angumbala we-colorblind naye kungenzeka abe nalesi simo.

Kutholwe ubumpumputhe bombala

Ubumpumputhe bombala obutholakele buqala kamuva empilweni futhi bungathinta abesilisa nabesifazane ngokulinganayo.

Izifo ezilimaza i-optic nerve noma i-retina yeso zingadala ukungaboni kahle kombala. Ngaleso sizathu, kufanele uxwayise udokotela wakho uma umbono wakho wombala ushintsha. Kungakhombisa inkinga ebucayi kakhulu.

Yini ebangela ubumpumputhe bombala?

Iso linamaseli ezinzwa abizwa ngokuthi ama-cones anika amandla i-retina, ungqimba lwezicubu oluzwela ukukhanya ngemuva kweso lakho, ukuze ikwazi ukubona imibala.

Izinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene zama-cone zimunca ubude obuhlukahlukene bokukhanya, futhi uhlobo ngalunye luphendula kubomvu, luhlaza, noma luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izigaxa zithumela imininingwane ebuchosheni ukuze ihlukanise imibala.

Uma esisodwa noma ngaphezulu salezi zinhlayiya ezikwi-retina yakho sonakele noma singekho, uzoba nobunzima ekuboneni imibala kahle.

Ufuzo

Iningi lokushoda kokubona imibala lizuzwe njengefa. Idlula isuka kumama iye endodaneni. Ubumpumputhe bombala obuzuzwayo abubangeli ubumpumputhe noma okunye ukulahleka kombono.

Izifo

Ungaba nobumpumputhe bombala ngenxa yesifo noma ukulimala ku-retina yakho.

Nge-glaucoma, ingcindezi yangaphakathi yeso, noma ingcindezi ye-intraocular, iphezulu kakhulu. Ingcindezi ilimaza i-optic nerve, ethwala amasiginali ukusuka esweni iye ebuchosheni ukuze ukwazi ukubona. Ngenxa yalokho, ikhono lakho lokuhlukanisa imibala lingancipha.

Ngokusho kwephephabhuku i-Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, ukwehluleka kwabantu abane-glaucoma ukuhlukanisa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi kuye kwaphawulwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.

Ukwehla kwesifo sikashukela kanye ne-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kubangela ukulimala ku-retina, okuyilapho kutholakala khona izigaxa. Lokhu kungadala ubumpumputhe bombala. Kwezinye izimo, kubangela ukungaboni.

Uma une-cataract, ilensi yeso lakho ishintsha kancane kancane isuke kokusobala iye ku-opaque. Umbono wakho wombala ungancipha ngenxa yalokho.

Ezinye izifo ezingathinta umbono zifaka:

• isifo sikashukela
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• Isifo i-Alzheimer's
• i-multiple sclerosis

Imithi

Imithi ethile ingadala ushintsho kumbono wombala. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imishanguzo elwa nokulwa nezinkinga i-chlorpromazine ne-thioridazine.

I-antibiotic ethambutol (Myambutol), elapha isifo sofuba, ingadala izinkinga zemithambo-luvo nobunzima bokubona imibala ethile.

Ezinye izinto

Ubumpumputhe bombala kungenzeka futhi kungenxa yezinye izinto. Esinye isici ukuguga. Ukulahleka kombono nokushoda kombala kungenzeka kancane kancane ngokukhula. Ngokwengeziwe, amakhemikhali anobuthi afana ne-styrene, akhona kwamanye amapulasitiki, axhumene nokulahlekelwa yikhono lokubona umbala.

Kutholakala kanjani ubumpumputhe bombala?

Ukubona imibala kuwukuzithoba. Akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi ubona obomvu, imifino, neminye imibala ngendlela efanayo nabantu abanombono ophelele. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wamehlo wakho angahlola isimo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamehlo okujwayelekile.

Ukuhlola kuzobandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngamacwecwe e-pseudoisochromatic. Lezi zithombe zenziwe ngamachashazi anemibala anezinombolo noma izimpawu ezifakiwe ngaphakathi kwawo. Abantu abanombono ojwayelekile kuphela abangabona lezi zinombolo nezimpawu.

Uma uyi-colorblind, ungahle ungayiboni inombolo noma ungabona inombolo ehlukile.

Kubalulekile ukuthi izingane zihlolwe ngaphambi kokuba ziqale isikole ngoba izinto eziningi zemfundo yezingane zisencane zibandakanya ukukhomba imibala.

Uyini umbono wabantu abanobumpumputhe bombala?

Uma ubumpumputhe bombala buvela ngenxa yokugula noma ukulimala, ukuphatha imbangela eyimbangela kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuthola umbala.

Kodwa-ke, alikho ikhambi lobumpumputhe bombala obuzuzwe njengefa. Udokotela wamehlo wakho angakunika izingilazi ezinombala noma amalensi okuxhumana angasiza ekuhlukaniseni imibala.

Abantu abazi-colorblind bavame ukusebenzisa amasu athile noma basebenzise amathuluzi athile ukwenza impilo ibe lula. Isibonelo, ukubamba ngekhanda ukuhleleka kwamalambu kusuka phezulu kuye phansi erobhothini kususa isidingo sokwehlukanisa imibala yawo.

Ukulebula izingubo kungasiza ekufaniseni imibala ngokufanele. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zesoftware ziguqula imibala yekhompyutha iye kuleyo ebonwa ngabantu abane-colorblind.

Ubumpumputhe bombala obuzuzwe njengefa kuyinselele yokuphila konke. Yize kunganciphisa amathuba emisebenzi ethile, njengokusebenza njengogesi okufanele ahlukanise phakathi kwezintambo ezinamakhodi anemibala, abantu abaningi bathola izindlela zokuzivumelanisa nalesi simo.