Ungazivikela kanjani ku-coronavirus (COVID-19)

-Delile

• Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile ukuze uzivikele kuleligciwane
• 1. Ungazivikela kanjani ekhaya
• Ungalilungisa kanjani igumbi elingalodwa ekhaya
• Ubani okufanele abekwe egumbini lokuhlukaniswa
• 2. Ungazivikela kanjani emsebenzini
• 3. Ungazivikela kanjani ezindaweni zomphakathi
• Yini okufanele uyenze uma kukhona okusolisayo
• Kungenzeka yini ukuthola i-COVID-19 ngaphezu kokukodwa?
• Kusinda isikhathi esingakanani iSARS-CoV-2
• Igciwane liwuthinta kanjani umzimba

I-coronavirus entsha, eyaziwa nge-SARS-CoV-2, futhi enikeza ukutheleleka nge-COVID-19, idale inani eliphezulu lamacala okutheleleka okuphefumula emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igciwane lingadluliselwa kalula ngokukhwehlela nangokuthimula, ngamaconsi emathe nangoketshezi lokuphefumula olumiswe emoyeni.

Izimpawu ze-COVID-19 ziyefana nezomkhuhlane ovamile, ongaholela ekuqalekeni kokukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, ukuphefumula nokuphefumula ikhanda. Izincomo ze-WHO ezithi noma ngubani onezimpawu futhi oke waxhumana nomuntu okungenzeka ukuthi uthelelekile, athinte abaphathi bezempilo ukuthola ukuthi aqhubeke kanjani.

Bheka izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-COVID-19 bese uthatha ukuhlolwa kwethu oku-inthanethi ukuthola ukuthi yini ubungozi bakho.

Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile ukuze uzivikele kuleligciwane

Ngokuqondene nabantu abangenalo igciwane, imihlahlandlela izama ikakhulukazi ukuzivikela ekungcolisweni okungenzeka. Lokhu kuvikelwa kungenziwa ngezinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokulwa nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegciwane, olufaka:

1. Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuxhumana nomuntu okungenzeka ukuthi uyagula;
2. Gwema ukuya ezindaweni zomphakathi, ezivaliwe futhi eziminyene, ezinjengezinxanxathela zezitolo noma izindawo zokuvivinya umzimba, zikhetha ukuhlala ekhaya isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka;
3. Vala umlomo wakho namakhala noma kunini lapho udinga ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula, usebenzisa iduku elilahlwayo noma okokwembatha;
4. Gwema ukuthinta amehlo, ikhala nomlomo;
5. Gqoka imaski yokuzivikela uma ugula, ukumboza ikhala lakho nomlomo noma kunini lapho udinga ukuba endlini noma nabanye abantu;
6. Ungabelani ngezinto zakho siqu lokho kungahle kuhlangane namaconsi amathe noma uketshezi lokuphefumula, njengokusika, izingilazi namabhulashi amazinyo;
7. Gwema ukuthintana nezilwane zasendle noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesilwane olubonakala luyagula;
8. Gcina endlini kungene umoya, ukuvula iwindi ukuvumela ukusakazwa komoya;
9. Pheka ukudla kahle ngaphambi kokudla, ikakhulukazi inyama, nokugeza noma ukuhluba ukudla okungadingi ukuphekwa, njengezithelo.

Buka le vidiyo elandelayo futhi uqonde kangcono ukuthi ukudluliswa kwe-coronavirus kwenzeka kanjani nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani:

1. Ungazivikela kanjani ekhaya

Ngesikhathi sesifo esiwubhadane, njengoba kwenzeka nge-COVID-19, kungenzeka ukuthi kunconywa ukuhlala ekhaya isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, ukugwema ukuminyana kwabantu ezindaweni zomphakathi, ngoba lokhu kungenza ukudluliswa kwegciwane.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nokunakekelwa okuthile ekhaya ukuvikela wonke umndeni, okubandakanya:

• Susa izicathulo nezingubo emnyango wendlu, ikakhulukazi uma ubusendaweni yomphakathi nabantu abaningi;
• Geza izandla zakho ngaphambi kokungena endlini noma, uma kungenzeki, ngokushesha ngemuva kokungena endlini;
• Izindawo ezihlanzekile njalo nezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, njengamatafula, okokubala, okomnyango wokusebenza, izilawuli kude, noma omakhalekhukhwini, isibonelo. Ukuhlanza, okokuhlanza okwejwayelekile noma ingxube yama-250 ml wamanzi nge-1 isipuni se-bleach (i-sodium hypochlorite) ingasetshenziswa. Ukuhlanza kufanele kwenziwe ngamagilavu;
• Geza izingubo ezisetshenziswe ngaphandle noma lezo ezibonakala zingcolile. Okufanelekile ukugeza ekushiseni okuphezulu kakhulu okunconyelwe uhlobo lwendwangu engxenyeni ngayinye. Phakathi nale nqubo kunconywa ukuthi ugqoke amagilavu;
• Gwema ukwabelana ngamapuleti, ukusika noma izingilazi namalungu omndeni, kufaka phakathi ukwabelana ngokudla;
• Gwema ukuxhumana eduze namalungu omndeni, ikakhulukazi nalabo abadinga ukuya njalo ezindaweni zomphakathi, ukugwema ukuqabula noma ukunganga ngezikhathi zobhadane olukhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukugcina zonke izindlela zokuzivikela ezifweni, njengokufaka ikhala nomlomo noma kunini lapho udinga ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula, nokugwema ukuminyana kwabantu abaningi egumbini elilodwa ekhaya.

Uma kukhona umuntu ogulayo endlini kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kube nezindlela ezengeziwe zokuzivikela, kungadingeka ngisho nokufaka lowo muntu egumbini lokuzihlukanisa.

Ungalilungisa kanjani igumbi elingalodwa ekhaya

Igumbi lokuhlukaniswa lisebenza ukwehlukanisa abantu abagulayo kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni aphilile, kuze kube yilapho udokotela ekhipha noma kuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwe-coronavirus okunomphumela ongemuhle. Kungenxa yokuthi, njengoba i-coronavirus ibangela izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane noma amakhaza, ayikho indlela yokwazi ukuthi ngubani ngempela ongangenwa yilesi sifo noma cha.

Lolu hlobo lwegumbi aludingi ukulungiswa okukhethekile, kepha umnyango kufanele uhlale uvaliwe futhi umuntu ogulayo akumele aphume ekamelweni. Uma kunesidingo sokuphuma uye endlini yangasese, ngokwesibonelo, kubalulekile ukuthi kusetshenziswe imaski ukuze umuntu azungeze amaphaseji endlu. Ekugcineni, indlu yokugezela kufanele ihlanzwe futhi ibulawe amagciwane ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho isetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi indlu yangasese, ishawa kanye nosinki.

Ngaphakathi kwegumbi, umuntu kufanele futhi agcine ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile okufana nokusebenzisa iduku elilahlwayo ukumboza umlomo namakhala noma nini lapho edinga ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula nokugeza noma ukubulala amagciwane ezandleni zakhe njalo. Noma yini esetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwegumbi, njengamapuleti, izingilazi noma okokusika, kufanele ihanjiswe ngamagilavu ​​futhi igezwe ngokushesha, ngensipho namanzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umuntu ophilile edinga ukungena ekamelweni, kufanele ageze izandla ngaphambi nangemva kokuba segumbini, kanye nokusebenzisa amagilavu ​​alahlwayo nesifihla-buso.

Ubani okufanele abekwe egumbini lokuhlukaniswa

Igumbi lokuhlukaniswa kufanele lisetshenziselwe abantu abagulayo abanezimpawu eziphansi noma ezilinganiselayo ezingelashwa ekhaya, njenge-malaise ejwayelekile, ukukhwehlela njalo nokuthimula, umkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi noma ikhala eligijimayo.

Uma kwenzeka umuntu eba nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu, ezifana nomkhuhlane ongathuthukisi noma ukuphefumula kanzima, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxhumana neziphathimandla zezempilo futhi ulandele izeluleko zochwepheshe. Uma kunconywa ukuya esibhedlela, kufanele ugweme ukusebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi futhi uhlale usebenzisa imaski elahlwayo.

2. Ungazivikela kanjani emsebenzini

Ngezikhathi zobhadane, njenge-COVID-19, inhloso enhle ukuthi umsebenzi wenziwa usuka ekhaya lapho kungenzeka. Kodwa-ke, ezimeni lapho lokhu kungenzeki khona, kunemithetho ethile esiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bokubamba igciwane emsebenzini:

• Gwema ukuxhumana okuseduze nabantu osebenza nabo ngokubanga noma ngokwanga;
• Ukucela abasebenzi abagulayo ukuthi bahlale ekhaya futhi ungayi emsebenzini. Okufanayo kusebenza kubantu abanezimpawu zemvelaphi engaziwa;
• Gwema ukuminyana kwabantu abaningi emakamelweni avaliwe, ngokwesibonelo, endaweni yokudlela, ukushintshana nabantu abambalwa ukuba badle isidlo sasemini noma isidlo;
• Hlanza yonke indawo yasemsebenzini njalo, ikakhulu amatafula, izihlalo nazo zonke izinto zomsebenzi, njengamakhompyutha noma izikrini. Ekuhlanzeni, i-detergent ejwayelekile noma ingxube ye-250 ml yamanzi ne-1 isipuni se-bleach (i-sodium hypochlorite) ingasetshenziswa. Ukuhlanza kumele kwenziwe ngamagilavu ​​alahlwayo.

Kule mithetho kufanele kungezwe ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegciwane, njengokugcina amawindi evulekile lapho kunokwenzeka, ukuvumela umoya ukuba ujikeleze futhi uhlanze indawo ezungezile.

3. Ungazivikela kanjani ezindaweni zomphakathi

Njengasendabeni yokusebenza, izindawo zomphakathi kufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela lapho kudingeka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuya emakethe noma ekhemisi uyothenga ukudla noma umuthi.

Ezinye izindawo, ezinjengezinxanxathela zezitolo, ama-cinema, izindawo zokuzivocavoca umzimba, amathilomu noma izitolo kufanele zigwenywe, ngoba azibhekwa njengezimpahla ezibalulekile futhi zingaholela ekuqongeleleni abantu.

Noma kunjalo, uma kunesidingo sokuya endaweni yomphakathi kubalulekile ukuthola ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa, okufana nalokhu:

• Hlala isikhathi esincane ngangokunokwenzeka esizeni, ishiya ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqeda ukuthenga;
• Gwema ukusebenzisa izibambo zomnyango ngezandla zakho, usebenzisa indololwane ukuvula umnyango lapho kungenzeka khona;
• Geza izandla zakho ngaphambi kokushiya indawo yomphakathi, ukugwema ukungcolisa imoto noma ikhaya;
• Nikeza izintandokazi ezikhathini ezinabantu abambalwa.

Izindawo zomphakathi endaweni evulekile futhi enomoya omuhle, njengamapaki noma izingadi, zingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ukuhamba noma ukuzivocavoca umzimba, kepha kuyalulekwa ukugwema ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini yeqembu.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma kukhona okusolisayo

Kucatshangwa ukuthi kusolwa ukutheleleka nge-coronavirus entsha, i-SARS-CoV-2, lapho umuntu eye waxhumana ngqo namacala aqinisekisiwe noma asolwayo we-COVID-19 futhi enezimpawu zokutheleleka, njengokukhwehlela okukhulu, ukuphefumula okuncane nokuphezulu umkhuhlane.

Kulezi zimo, kunconywa ukuthi umuntu abize umugqa "Disque Saúde" ngenombolo 136 noma kuWhatsapp: (61) 9938-0031, ukuthola ukwelulekwa kochwepheshe bezempilo eMnyangweni. Uma kukhonjiswa ukuthi uye esibhedlela uyohlolwa futhi uqinisekise ukuxilongwa, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile zokugwema ukudlulisela igciwane kwabanye, njenge:

• Gqoka imaski evikelayo;
• Vala umlomo wakho nekhala ngephepha lezicubu noma kunini lapho udinga ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula, ukulahle kudoti njalo emva kokusebenzisa ngakunye;
• Gwema ukuthintana ngqo nabanye abantu, ngokuthinta, ukuqabula noma ukugona;
• Geza izandla zakho ngaphambi kokuphuma endlini futhi masinyane lapho ufika esibhedlela;
• Gwema ukusebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi ukuya esibhedlela noma emtholampilo wezempilo;
• Gwema ukuba endlini nabanye abantu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuxwayisa abantu abebesondelene kakhulu kulezi zinsuku eziyi-14 ezedlule, njengomndeni nabangane, ngokusola, ukuze laba bantu bakwazi ukuqaphela ukubonakala kwezimpawu.

Esibhedlela kanye / noma kwinsizakalo yezempilo, umuntu one-COVID-19 okusolwa ukuthi uzobekwa endaweni engayodwa ukuvimbela ukuthi igciwane lisabalale, bese kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okufana ne-PCR, ukuhlaziywa kwezimfihlo. kanye ne-chest tomography, esebenza ukukhomba uhlobo lwegciwane elibangela izimpawu, lishiya ukwahlukaniswa kuphela lapho imiphumela yezivivinyo ingeyinhle ku-COVID-19. Bona ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19 kwenziwa kanjani.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthola i-COVID-19 ngaphezu kokukodwa?

Kukhona amacala athile abikiwe abantu abathathe i-COVID-19 ngaphezu kokukodwa, noma kunjalo, futhi ngokwe-CDC ^[2], umuntu obengenwe ngaphambilini phambilini uba nokuzivikela kwamagciwane okungenani ezinsukwini ezingama-90 zokuqala, okunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka kabusha ngaleyo nkathi.

Noma kunjalo, noma ngabe usuthelelekile, umhlahlandlela ukugcina zonke izindlela ezisiza ekuvikeleni lesi sifo, njengokugeza izandla njalo, ukufaka isifihla-buso sokuzivikela kanye nokugcina ibanga lomphakathi.

Kusinda isikhathi esingakanani iSARS-CoV-2

Ngokuya ngocwaningo olushicilelwe yiqembu labacwaningi abavela eMelika ngoMashi 2020 ^[1], kutholakale ukuthi i-SARS-CoV-2, igciwane elisha elivela eChina, liyakwazi ukusinda kwezinye izindawo kuze kube yizinsuku ezi-3, kodwa-ke, lesi sikhathi singahluka ngokuya ngezinto nezimo zemvelo.

Ngakho-ke, ngokujwayelekile, isikhathi sokusinda kwegciwane elibangela i-COVID-19 sibonakala ngathi:

• Insimbi engagqwali: kuze kube yizinsuku ezi-3;
• Ithusi: 4 amahora;
• Amakhadibhodi: Amahora angu-24;
• Ngendlela yama-aerosols, ngemuva kokukhunta, ngokwesibonelo: kufika emahoreni ama-3.

Lolu cwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ukuxhumana nezindawo ezinegciwane nakho kungaba yindlela yokudlulisa i-coronavirus entsha, kepha-ke kudingeka olunye uphenyo ukuqinisekisa le hypothesis. Kunoma ikuphi, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuqapha, njengokugeza izandla, ukusetshenziswa kwejeli yotshwala kanye nokubulala amagciwane njalo ezindaweni ezingatheleleka. Lokhu kungabulala amagciwane kungenziwa ngama-detergent ajwayelekile, i-70% yotshwala noma ingxube ye-250 ml yamanzi ne-1 isipuni se-bleach (i-sodium hypochlorite).

Buka le vidiyo elandelayo bese ubheka ukubaluleka kwalezi zinyathelo ekunqandeni ubhadane lwegciwane:

Igciwane liwuthinta kanjani umzimba

I-coronavirus edala i-COVID-19, eyaziwa nge-SARS-CoV-2, isanda kutholakala futhi, ngenxa yalokho, akukacaci ukuthi ingabangelwa yini emzimbeni.

Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi, kwamanye amaqembu anobungozi, ukutheleleka kungadala izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu ezingasongela impilo. Lawa maqembu afaka abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, njenge:

• Abantu asebekhulile abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65;
• Abantu abanezifo ezingapheli njengesifo sikashukela, ukuphefumula noma izinkinga zenhliziyo;
• Abantu abanenkinga yezinso;
• Abantu abathola uhlobo oluthile lokwelashwa oluthinta amasosha omzimba, njenge-chemotherapy;
• Abantu asebethunyelwe kabusha.

Kula maqembu, i-coronavirus entsha ibonakala idala izimpawu ezifana nalezo ze-pneumonia, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) noma i-acute acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), edinga ukwelashwa okunamandla esibhedlela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye iziguli ezelapheke i-COVID-19 zibonakala zikhombisa izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala ngokweqile, ubuhlungu bemisipha nobunzima bokulala, noma ngabe seziyikhiphile i-coronavirus emzimbeni wazo, inkinga ebizwa nge-post-COVID syndrome. Buka le vidiyo elandelayo kabanzi ngalesi sifo:

Kwiphepha lethu le- i-podcast uDkt. UMirca Ocanhas ucacisa ukungabaza okuyinhloko ngokubaluleka kokuqinisa amaphaphu ukugwema izinkinga ze-COVID-19: