Igciwane le-Ebola: kwenzeka kanjani, izinhlobo nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani

-Delile

• Izinhlobo ze-Ebola
• Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokutheleleka
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Kwenzeka Kanjani Ukudluliswa Kwe-Ebola
• Ungazivikela kanjani ku-Ebola
• Okufanele ukwenze uma ugula nge-Ebola
• Yelashwa kanjani

Amacala okuqala okufa abhalwe yigciwane le-Ebola avela eCentral Africa ngo-1976, lapho abantu bangcoliswa ngokuxhumana nezidumbu zenkawu.

Yize imvelaphi ye-Ebola ingenasiqiniseko, kuyaziwa ukuthi leli gciwane likhona kwezinye izinhlobo zamalulwane angasitholi lesi sifo, kodwa akwazi ukusidlulisa. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ezinye izilwane, njengenkawu noma ingulube yasendle, zidle izithelo ezingcoliswe ngamathe amalulwane futhi, ngenxa yalokho, zithelele abantu ngokudla ingulube engcolile njengokudla.

Ngemuva kokungcoliswa yizilwane, abantu bayakwazi ukudlulisa igciwane phakathi kwabo ngamathe, ngegazi nakwezinye izicubu zomzimba, njengesidoda noma umjuluko.

I-Ebola ayinawo amakhambi ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukudluliswa kwegciwane lisuka kumuntu liye komunye umuntu ngokulaliswa kweziguli zodwa futhi kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile yokuvikela (PPE).

Izinhlobo ze-Ebola

Kunezinhlobo ezi-5 ezahlukahlukene ze-Ebola, eziqanjwe ngokwesifunda lapho zavela khona okokuqala, yize noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-Ebola lunesilinganiso esiphakeme sokufa futhi lubangela izimpawu ezifanayo ezigulini.

Izinhlobo ezi-5 ezaziwayo ze-Ebola yilezi:

• I-Ebola Zaire;
• Ebola Bundibugyo;
• I-Ebola Ivory Coast;
• I-Ebola Reston;
• Ebola Sudan.

Lapho umuntu etheleleka ngohlobo olulodwa lwegciwane le-Ebola futhi esinda, uvikeleka kulolo hlobo lwegciwane, kodwa-ke akanalo igciwane kwezinye izinhlobo ezine, futhi angaphinde athole i-Ebola.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokutheleleka

Izimpawu zokuqala zegciwane le-Ebola zingathatha izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingu-21 ukuvela ngemuva kokungcola futhi zifaka:

• Imfiva engaphezu kuka-38.3ºC;
• Ukugula kwasolwandle;
• Umphimbo obuhlungu;
• Khwehlela;
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile;
• Izinhlungu zekhanda ezinzima.

Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kweviki eli-1, izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu, futhi zingavela:

• Ukuhlanza (okungaqukatha igazi);
• Uhudo (olungaba negazi);
• Umphimbo obuhlungu;
• Ukopha okuholela ekuphumeni kwegazi ngamakhala, indlebe, umlomo noma isifunda esisondelene;
• Amabala egazi noma amabhamuza esikhunjeni;

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi sigaba sokushabalala kwezimpawu lapho ukuvela kobuchopho kungavela khona okusongela impilo, kushiye umuntu equlekile.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Ebola kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri. Ukuba khona kwama-antibodies e-IgM kungavela ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu futhi kunyamalale phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-30 nezingu-168 ngemuva kokutheleleka.

Lesi sifo siqinisekiswa ukuhlolwa okuthile kwelabhorethri, njenge-PCR, kusetshenziswa amasampula egazi amabili, iqoqo lesibili kube ngamahora angama-48 ngemuva kwesokuqala.

Kwenzeka Kanjani Ukudluliswa Kwe-Ebola

Ukudluliswa kwe-Ebola kwenzeka ngokuthintana ngqo negazi, amathe, izinyembezi, umjuluko noma isidoda esivela ezigulini nasezilwaneni ezithelelekile, noma ngabe sezifile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudluliswa kwe-Ebola kungenzeka futhi lapho isiguli sithimula noma sikhwehlela ngaphandle kokuvikela umlomo nekhala, noma kunjalo, ngokungafani nomkhuhlane, kuyadingeka ukuthi sisondele kakhulu futhi sixhumane kaningi ukuze sibambe lesi sifo.

Imvamisa, abantu abaxhumane nesiguli se-Ebola kufanele babhekwe amasonto ama-3 ngokulinganisa izinga lokushisa komzimba, kabili ngosuku futhi, uma benomkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-38.3º, kufanele bavunyelwe ukuthi baqale ukwelashwa.

Ungazivikela kanjani ku-Ebola

Izindlela zokuvimbela igciwane le-Ebola yilezi:

• Gwema izindawo eziqubukelayo;
• Geza izandla zakho ngensipho namanzi izikhathi eziningana ngosuku;
• Hlala kude neziguli ze-Ebola kanye nakulabo ababulawa yi-Ebola ngoba nazo zingadlulisa lesi sifo;
• Ungayidli ‘inyama yenyama’, qaphela amalulwane angahle angcoliswe yigciwane, njengoba kungamachibi emvelo;
• Ungathinti uketshezi lomzimba lomuntu onegciwane, njengegazi, ukuhlanza, indle noma isifo sohudo, umchamo, uketshezi oluvela ekukhwehleleni nasekuthimuleni nasezingxenyeni zangasese;
• Gqoka amagilavu, izingubo zenjoloba kanye nesifihla-buso lapho uhlangana nomuntu ongcolile, ungamthinti lo muntu futhi ufake amagciwane kuzo zonke lezi zinto ngemuva kokusetshenziswa;
• Shisa zonke izingubo zomuntu obulewe yi-Ebola.

Njengoba ukutheleleka kwe-Ebola kungathatha izinsuku ezingama-21 ukuthi kutholakale, ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwe-Ebola kunconywa ukuthi ugweme ukuya ezindaweni ezithintekile kanye nezindawo ezisemngceleni wala mazwe. Enye indlela engaba wusizo ukugwema izindawo zomphakathi ezinabantu abaningi, ngoba akwaziwa njalo ukuthi obani abangatheleleka futhi ukudluliswa kwegciwane kulula.

Okufanele ukwenze uma ugula nge-Ebola

Okunconyelwa ukuthi ukwenze uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka nge-Ebola ukugcina ibanga lakho kubo bonke abantu futhi ufune isikhungo sokwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu ngoba ukwelashwa ngokushesha kuqalile, maningi amathuba okuba alulame. Qaphela ikakhulukazi ukuhlanza nokuhuda.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwegciwane le-Ebola kuqukethe ukugcina isiguli sinamanzi futhi sondliwe, kepha alukho umuthi othize okwaziyo ukwelapha i-Ebola. Iziguli ezinegciwane zigcinwa zodwa esibhedlela ukuze zinakekele ukungena kwamanzi nokulawula izifo ezingavela, ukunciphisa ukuhlanza kanye nokuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwalesi sifo kwabanye.

Abaphenyi bacwaninga ukuthi bangawakha kanjani umuthi onganciphisa igciwane le-Ebola kanye nomuthi wokugoma ongavimbela i-Ebola, kepha naphezu kwentuthuko yesayensi, awakavunyelwa ukuthi asetshenziswe kubantu.