Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Ngokuhlolelwa I-Coronavirus

-Delile

• Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19?
• Kuthiwani ngokuhlolwa kwamasosha omzimba kwe-COVID-19?
• Bayihlolela kanjani i-coronavirus?
• Kunembe kangakanani ukuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19?
• Kubiza malini ukuhlola i-coronavirus?
• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa ye-COVID-19?
• Buyekeza kwe-

Njengoba ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 luqhubeka, ochwepheshe bezempilo yomphakathi sebekugcizelele kaningi ukubaluleka kwesu elihle lokuhlola ukunciphisa ukubhebhetheka kwaleli gciwane. Noma ngabe sekuphele izinyanga uzwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-coronavirus, ungase ube nenkinga ngemininingwane.

Okokuqala, yazi lokhu: Kunezinketho eziningi zokuhlola ezahlukahlukene laphaya, kanti ngenkathi ezinye zinembe kakhulu kunezinye, ayikho kuzo ephelele. Uhlobo ngalunye lokuhlolwa kwe-coronavirus lunento yalo ~ eqhubekayo, kepha kunikezwe ukuthi mhlawumbe awuyanga esikoleni sezokwelapha futhi ukuthi kunezibuyekezo ezintsha ekuhlolweni ngaso sonke isikhathi, kungaba nzima ukugcina ithrekhi yakho konke.

Noma ngabe udinga ukuhlolelwa i-COVID-19 noma umane ufuna ukufunda kuma-ins kanye nasemigwaqweni yokuhlolwa kwe-coronavirus, nakhu okudingeka ukwazi. (Uma unezimpawu, funda futhi: Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Ucabanga Ukuthi Unayo I-Coronavirus)

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19?

Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kokuxilonga kwe-SARS-CoV-2, igciwane elibangela i-COVID-19. ("Ukuxilonga" kusho ukuthi izivivinyo zisetshenziselwa ukubona ukuthi ngabe unalo yini igciwane njengamanje.)

Kokubili ukuhlolwa kungathola ukutheleleka okusebenzayo kwe-COVID-19, kepha kwehlukile, ngokusho kwe-Food and Drug Administration (FDA). I-FDA iyaphula ngale ndlela:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR: Futhi okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana, lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka izinto zofuzo ze-COVID-19. Ukuhlolwa okuningi kwe-PCR kubandakanya ukuthatha isampula lesiguli bese ulithumela ebhodini ukuze lihlaziywe.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen: Futhi kwaziwa njengokuhlolwa okusheshayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen kubheka amaprotheni athile avela kuleligciwane. Bagunyazwe indawo yokunakekelwa, okusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela, esibhedlela, noma endaweni yokuhlola.

Uma uvakashela udokotela wakho wokunakekela okuyinhloko ukuze uvivinye, cishe uzothola ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR, kusho u-Amesh A. Adalja, MD, isazi esiphakeme eJohns Hopkins Center for Health Security. "Amanye amahhovisi anezivivinyo ze-antigen, noma kunjalo," uyanezela. Ikuphi ukuhlolwa okunikezwayo ngokuvamile kuncike kulokho udokotela wakho anakho esitokweni, ukukhetha kwakhe siqu, kanye nezimpawu zakho (uma unazo). "Ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen akukagunyazwa yi-FDA ukuze kuhlolwe i-asymptomatic okwamanje, futhi odokotela abaningi ngeke bayale ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen kumuntu ongenazimpawu," kuchaza uDkt. Adalja.

Ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kwe-coronavirus kungenye indlela. Maphakathi noNovemba, i-FDA igunyaze ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwasekhaya kwe-COVID-19, okubizwa ngeLucira COVID-19 All-In-One Test Kit. U-Lucira uyefana nokuhlolwa kwe-PCR ngoba bobabili babheka izinto zofuzo ezivela ku-virus (yize indlela kaLucira yamangqamuzana "kucatshangwa ukuthi ayinembile kangako" kunaleyo yokuhlolwa kwe-PCR, ngokusho kwe New York Times). Ikhithi ikhishwa ngencwadi kadokotela futhi ivumela abantu abaneminyaka engu-14 nangaphezulu ukuthi bazihlole ekhaya nge-swab yamakhala enikeziwe. Ukusuka lapho, i-swab ifakwa esitsheni (esiza nekhithi), bese uthola imiphumela kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30.

Kuthiwani ngokuhlolwa kwamasosha omzimba kwe-COVID-19?

Kuze kube manje, i-FDA igunyaze ngaphezu kwe-50 coronavirus antibody test enganquma ukuthi ngabe ungenwe yini ngaphambilini yi-COVID-19 ngokufuna ukutholakala kwama-antibody abophayo - okungukuthi, amaprotheni abopha igciwane (kulokhu, i-COVID- 19). Kodwa-ke, i-FDA ithi akucaci ukuthi ukutholakala kwala ma-antibody abophayo kusho ingozi engezansi yokutheleleka kwe-COVID-19 okuzayo. Ukuhumusha: Ukuhlolwa kokutholakala kwama-antibody abophayo akusho ukuthi ngeke uphinde utholakale nge-COVID-19.

Akuzona zonke izivivinyo ze-coronavirus antibody ezithola okufanayo izinhlobo ama-antibodies, noma kunjalo. Olunye uvivinyo, olubizwa nge-cPass SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody Detection Kit, lubheka ukunciphisa amasosha omzimba kunokubopha amasosha omzimba. Amasosha omzimba angathathi hlangothi angamaprotheni abopha engxenyeni ethile ye-pathogen, ngokusho kwe-FDA. Ngokungafani nama-antibody abophayo, amasosha omzimba athoba amandla atholakele kulokhu kuhlolwa kwe-COVID atholakele esimeni selabhu ukwehlisa ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 kwamaseli. Ngamanye amazwi, uma unamasosha omzimba anciphisa amandla, mancane amathuba okuthi uphinde utheleleke nge-COVID-19 noma uzothuthukisa icala elibucayi legciwane, inqobo nje uma lawo masosha omzimba esekhona emzimbeni wakho, ngokusho kombiko. i-FDA. Ucwaningo lushicilelwe kumagazini wezokwelapha Ukungavikeleki iphakamisa ukuthi amasosha omzimba angathathi hlangothi angahlala ekhona emzimbeni isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ngemuva kokutheleleka nge-COVID-19.

Lokho kusho ukuthi, i-FDA iphawula ukuthi umphumela wokunciphisa ama-antibodies ku-SARS-CoV-2 kubantu "usacwaningwa." Okusho ukuthi, ukuhlola kutholakale ku- noma yikuphi uhlobo lwamasosha omzimba e-coronavirus akusho ukuthi ucacile. (Okuningi lapha: Ingabe Kusho Ukuthini Ukuhlolwa Okushubile Kwe-Coronavirus Antibody?)

Bayihlolela kanjani i-coronavirus?

Kunokwehluka okuthile, kuye ngohlobo lokuhlolwa olutholayo. Uma wenza ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody, uzodinga ukunikeza isampula yegazi. Kepha izinto zihluke kancane nge-PCR yokuxilonga noma ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR kuvame ukuqoqwa kusetshenziswa i-nasopharyngeal swab, esebenzisa ukwakheka okude, okuncanyana, okufana nethiphu ye-Q ukuze kusampulalwe amaseli asuka ngemuva impela kwemigudu yakho yamakhala, noma i-swab yamakhala, efana ne-nasopharyngeal swab kodwa engenzi' ngibuyele emuva kuze kube manje. Kodwa-ke, i-FDA ithi izivivinyo ze-PCR nazo zingaqoqwa kusetshenziswa i-aspirate / lavage yokuphefumula (isb. Ukugeza amakhala) noma isampula yamathe, kuya ngesivivinyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen, kuhlala kuthathwa nge-nasopharyngeal noma nge-nasab swab.

Ezimweni eziningi, uzohlolwa nge-nasopharyngeal swab, kusho uDkt Adalja. "Akukhululekile," evuma. "Kuhluke kakhulu kunokubeka umunwe wakho ekhaleni lakho noma ukubeka ithiphu le-Q emakhaleni akho." Ungase uphume igazi elincane ngemuva kwalokho, futhi abanye abantu bayenqaba ukuthola isivivinyo ngokuya ngaleyo nkinga, kusho uDkt. Adalja. Kepha lokho kucasuka kwesikhashana kuyinani elincane lokukhokha isu elibaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukusabalala kwe-COVID-19, uyaphawula.

Kunembe kangakanani ukuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19?

Ukunemba kokuhlolwa kweCoronavirus kuya nge kakhulu zezici ezahlukene. Okokuqala, uhlobo lokuhlolwa kokuxilonga olutholayo lubalulekile. "Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR kuthathwa njengezinga legolide," kusho uWilliam Schaffner, M.D., uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo kanye noprofesa eVanderbilt University School of Medicine. "Uma uthola isikhathi sisifanele futhi unombono omuhle noma ongemuhle kokukodwa kwalokhu, mhlawumbe unethemba noma unegethivu impela."

Ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen okusheshayo kuhluke kancane. “Badume kabi ngokunikeza imiphumela engemihle [okusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuthi awunalo igciwane kuyilapho unalo ngempela],” kusho uDkt. Schaffner. Uma ubheka amaphesenti angama-50 azo zonke izivivinyo ze-antigen ze-COVID angakhipha imiphumela engeyiphutha, "kufanele uwahumushe ngokuqapha," kuchaza uDkt.Schaffner. Ngakho-ke, uma usanda kuvezwa kumuntu one-COVID-19 futhi uhlola ukuthi une-negative ngokuhlolwa kwe-antigen okusheshayo, akufanele uqiniseke ngokuphelele ukuthi awunalo iqiniso, usho kanjalo.

Izindaba zesikhathi futhi, kusho uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo uDebra Chew, M.D., M.P.H., umsizi kaprofesa wezokwelapha eRutgers New Jersey Medical School. "Uma usaqala ukugula, kungenzeka ungakhombisi umaka wegciwane lapho ukuhlolwa kuzoba khona," usho kanje. "Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ufika sekwephuze kakhulu ukuyohlolwa, ungaba negciwane, noma ngabe ubenegciwane ngempela."

Uzibuza ukuthi yini, empeleni kubhekwa "kusenesikhathi" noma "sekwephuzile"? Ukuhlaziywa kwakamuva kwezifundo eziyisikhombisa ezishicilelwe kujenali yezemfundo yezokwelapha Izitatimende Zemithi Yangaphakathi kubeka lo mugqa wesikhathi ngombono: Amathuba emphumela wokuhlolwa okungekho emthethweni we-PCR ancipha kusuka kumaphesenti ayi-100 ngosuku 1 ngemuva kokuvezwa ngamaphesenti angama-67 ngosuku lwesine. Futhi ngosuku lapho othile eba nezimpawu (ngokwesilinganiso, izinsuku ezinhlanu ngemuva kokuchayeka), ucwaningo luthole ukuthi cishe bangamaphesenti angama-38 okungenzeka ukuthi bafunde okungamanga. Lawo mathuba ehla aze afike kumaphesenti angama-20 ezinsukwini ezintathu ngemuva kokukhombisa izimpawu - okusho ukuthi imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-PCR ye-coronavirus kungenzeka ukuthi inembe uma uhlolwe cishe izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokuchayeka kanye nezinsuku ezintathu ngemuva kokukhombisa izimpawu, ngokusho kokuhlaziywa.

Ngokuyinhloko, uma ulinda isikhathi eside, kungcono - ngaphakathi kwesizathu, kusho uDkt Schaffner. Uma wazi ukuthi uvezwe kumuntu one-COVID-19, uncoma ukuthi ulinde kuze kube yizinsuku eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuchayeka ukuze uhlolwe. Uyachaza: "Abantu abaningi abazoba ne-HIV bazophenduka babe nosuku lwesithupha, lwesikhombisa, noma lwesishiyagalombili."

Kubiza malini ukuhlola i-coronavirus?

Kuya ngokuthi uyaphi. Uma uvakashela indawo yokuhlola i-coronavirus, kufanele ibe mahhala, noma ngabe unomshuwalense wezempilo, kusho uDkt. Adalja. Uma uvakashela udokotela wakho oyinhloko noma omunye umhlinzeki wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa ngokwako kufanele kukhavwe umshwalense (nakuba usengalindela ukuba nesibopho sokukhokha ngokubambisana), kusho uRichard Watkins, MD, udokotela wezifo ezithathelwanayo e-Akron, e-Ohio. , kanye noprofesa wezokwelapha ngaphakathi eNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Ohio Medical University. "Uma ukhathazekile, ungashayela inombolo engemuva kwekhadi lakho lomshwalense futhi uqinisekise," kunezela uDkt. Watkins. (Nakhu ukuthi i-telemedicine iguqukela ngesikhathi sobhadane lwe-COVID-19.)

Uma ungenawo umshuwalense wezempilo kodwa uya kudokotela noma esibhedlela ukuze uyohlolelwa i-coronavirus, ngokuvamile uzoba nesibopho sezindleko zakho konke ukuvakasha kwakho, kusho uDkt. Schaffner. Lokho kungathola muhle kuyabiza kuye ngokuthi uya kuphi (cabanga: noma yikuphi phakathi kuka-$20 no-$850 ngokuhlolwa ngakunye, futhi lokho akubandakanyi ezinye izinkokhelo ezingase zibe yingxenye yokuvakasha).

Mayelana nokuthi ungahlolelwa kuphi i-coronavirus, futhi, amasayithi okuhlola i-coronavirus (okungukuthi izikhungo zezempilo emphakathini wakini) angcono kakhulu okubheja kwakho njengoba amahhala. I-CVS, i-Walgreens, ne-Rite Aid nazo zisebenzisa amasayithi wokuhlola we-COVID-19 we-pop-up (okungenzeka angaveli nezindleko zokuphuma ephaketheni, kuya ngesimo sakho somshuwalense). Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka amawebhusayithi eminyango yakho yezempilo kanye neyasendaweni ukuthola imininingwane esesikhathini ekuhlolweni kwe-coronavirus eduze nawe.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa ye-COVID-19?

Futhi, kuya ngokuthi. Kungathatha amahora ambalwa noma izinsuku ezimbalwa (ngezinye izikhathi isonto noma ngaphezulu) ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho kwe-PCR, kuye ngokuthi ilebhu yangakini yenzelwe ikhophi yasenqolobaneni, kusho uDkt. Schaffner. Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ukuthola imiphumela yakho - futhi, kuya ngelebhu ethunyelwe kuyo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungakunika imiphumela ngaphansi kwehora, ngokusho kwe-FDA. Kepha futhi, le ndlela, ngenkathi ishesha, ayithathwa njengenembile njengokuhlolwa kwe-PCR.

Sekukonke, ochwepheshe batusa ukuthatha imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-coronavirus ngohlamvu lukasawoti. "Ukuba negciwane kusho ukuthi awuzange utheleleke ngesikhathi ukuhlolwa kwenziwe," kuchaza uDkt. Watkins. "Ungatheleleka okwamanje."

Uma uhlola ukuthi awunalo leli gciwane kodwa unezimpawu ze-COVID-19, uDkt Chew uncoma ukuthi ufinyelele kudokotela wakho wokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo ngokuthi kufanele uphinde uhlolwe yini. (Kuhlobene: Nini, Impela, Kufanele Uzihlukanise Uma Ucabanga Ukuthi Unayo ICoronavirus?)

Ngenkathi ukuhlolwa kungcono kunakuqala kobhadane futhi kunezinketho eziningi manje, hlala wazi ukuthi akuyona inqubo ephelele. "Abantu bafuna izimpendulo ngokuphelele [kulolu bhubhane]," kusho uDkt. Schaffner. "Futhi asikwazi ukubanika lokho ngokuhlolelwa i-COVID-19."

Imininingwane ekule ndaba inembile njengesikhathi sokushicilela. Njengoba izibuyekezo ezimayelana ne-coronavirus COVID-19 ziqhubeka nokuvela, kungenzeka ukuthi eminye imininingwane nezincomo kule ndaba zishintshile selokhu kwashicilelwa okokuqala. Sikukhuthaza ukuthi uhlole njalo izinsiza ezifana ne-CDC, i-WHO, kanye nomnyango wezempilo womphakathi wendawo ukuze uthole imininingwane yakamuva nezincomo.

Buyekeza kwe-