Ukwelashwa Kwezifo ZeCoronavirus (COVID-19)

-Delile

• Uhlobo luni lokwelashwa olutholakalayo lwenoveli coronavirus?
• Yini eyenziwayo ukuthola ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo?
• Ukuvuselelwa kabusha
• IChloroquine
• I-Lopinavir ne-ritonavir
• I-APN01
• Favilavir
• Yini okufanele uyenze uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu ze-COVID-19?
• Udinga nini ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha?
• Ungakugwema kanjani ukutheleleka kusuka ku-coronavirus
• Okubalulekile

Lo mbhalo ubuyekezwe ngo-Ephreli 29, 2020 ukufaka imininingwane eyengeziwe ngezimpawu.

I-COVID-19 yisifo esithathelwanayo esidalwa yi-coronavirus entsha etholwe ngemuva kokuqubuka eWuhan, eChina, ngoDisemba 2019.

Kusukela kwaqala ukubheduka, le coronavirus, eyaziwa nge-SARS-CoV-2, isabalalele emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Kube nesibopho sezigidi zezifo emhlabeni jikelele, okudala ukufa kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane. Izwe laseMelika yilona lizwe elithinteke kakhulu.

Njengamanje, awukho umuthi wokugoma olwa ne-coronavirus yenoveli. Abaphenyi njengamanje basebenzela ukudala umuthi wokugoma ngqo waleli gciwane, kanye nokwelashwa okungenzeka kube yi-COVID-19.

Hlala unolwazi ngezibuyekezo zethu ezibukhoma mayelana nokuqubuka kwamanje kwe-COVID-19.

Futhi, vakashela ihabhu lethu le-coronavirus ukuthola eminye imininingwane yokuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani, izeluleko ngokuvikela nokwelashwa, nezincomo zochwepheshe.

Lesi sifo sinamathuba amaningi okubangela izimpawu kubantu abadala asebekhulile nalabo abanezimo zezempilo ezingaphansi. Iningi labantu abahlakulela izimpawu zesipiliyoni se-COVID-19:

• imfiva
• ukukhwehlela
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukukhathala

Izimpawu ezingavamile kakhulu zifaka:

• Ukugodola, noma ungazanyazanyiswa kaninginingi
• ikhanda
• ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka noma iphunga
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha nezinhlungu

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinketho zokwelashwa zamanje ze-COVID-19, yiziphi izinhlobo zokwelashwa ezihloliswayo, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma uba nezimpawu.

Uhlobo luni lokwelashwa olutholakalayo lwenoveli coronavirus?

Okwamanje awukho umuthi wokugoma wokulwa nokwakha i-COVID-19. Ama-antibiotic nawo awasebenzi ngoba i-COVID-19 igciwane lesandulela ngculaza hhayi igciwane.

Uma izimpawu zakho zinzima kakhulu, ukwelashwa okusekelayo kunganikezwa udokotela wakho noma esibhedlela. Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha lungabandakanya:

• uketshezi ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni
• imithi yokwehlisa umkhuhlane
• i-oxygen eyengeziwe ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu

Abantu abakuthola kunzima ukuphefumula bebodwa ngenxa ye-COVID-19 bangadinga umshini wokuphefumula.

Yini eyenziwayo ukuthola ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo?

ICDC ukuthi bonke abantu bagqoke izifihla-buso zezindwangu ezindaweni zomphakathi lapho kunzima khona ukugcina ibanga elingamamitha ayisithupha ukusuka kwabanye. Lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa ukubhebhetheka kwegciwane kubantu abangenazo izimpawu noma abantu abangazi ukuthi balitholile leli gciwane. Amasiki obuso bendwangu kufanele agqokwe ngenkathi eqhubeka nokwenza ukuziqhelanisa nomzimba. Imiyalo yokwenza amaski ekhaya ingatholakala .
Qaphela: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina amaski wokuhlinza kanye nemishini yokuphefumula ye-N95 yabasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Imithi yokugoma nezindlela zokwelashwa ze-COVID-19 okwamanje kuyaphenywa emhlabeni jikelele. Kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi imishanguzo ethile ingaba namandla okuphumelela maqondana nokuvimbela ukugula noma ukwelapha izimpawu ze-COVID-19.

Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi kudingeka basebenze kubantu ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale imithi yokugoma kanye neminye imithi. Lokhu kungathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa noma ngaphezulu.

Nazi ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezisaphenywa njengamanje ukuvikela i-SARS-CoV-2 kanye nokwelashwa kwezimpawu ze-COVID-19.

Ukuvuselelwa kabusha

I-Remdesivir umuthi wokuhlola imishanguzo ebanzi owenzelwe ekuqaleni ukukhomba i-Ebola.

Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi i-remdesivir isebenza kahle kakhulu ekulweni ne-coronavirus yenoveli ku.

Le ndlela yokwelashwa ayikavunyelwa kubantu, kodwa izivivinyo ezimbili zokwelashwa zalesi sidakamizwa seziqalisiwe eChina. Isivivinyo esisodwa somtholampilo sisanda kuvunywa futhi yi-FDA e-United States.

IChloroquine

IChloroquine isidakamizwa esisetshenziselwa ukulwa nomalaleveva nezifo ezizimele. Sekusetshenziselwe okungaphezulu futhi okubhekwa njengokuphephile.

Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi lo muthi uyasebenza ekulweni negciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 ezifundweni ezenziwe kumashubhu wokuhlola.

Okungenani njengamanje babheke ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwe-chloroquine njengenketho yokulwa ne-coronavirus yenoveli.

I-Lopinavir ne-ritonavir

ILopinavir ne-ritonavir zithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama elithi Kaletra futhi zenzelwe ukwelapha i-HIV.

ENingizimu Korea, indoda eneminyaka engu-54 yanikezwa inhlanganisela yalezi zidakamizwa ezimbili futhi yaba nezinga layo le-coronavirus.

Ngokwe-World Health Organisation (WHO), kungaba nezinzuzo ngokusebenzisa iKaletra ngokuhambisana nezinye izidakamizwa.

I-APN01

Isilingo somtholampilo kulindeleke ukuba siqale maduze eChina ukuhlola amandla omuthi obizwa nge-APN01 wokulwa ne-coronavirus yenoveli.

Ososayensi abaqala ukuthuthukisa i-APN01 ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000 bathola ukuthi iprotheni ethile ebizwa nge-ACE2 iyabandakanyeka ekuthelelekeni kwe-SARS. Le protein nayo isize ukuvikela amaphaphu ekulimaleni ngenxa yokucindezeleka kokuphefumula.

Kusuka ocwaningweni lwakamuva, kuvela ukuthi i-coronavirus ka-2019, njenge-SARS, nayo isebenzisa iphrotheni le-ACE2 ukuthelela amaseli kubantu.

Ukuhlolwa okungahleliwe, okwezingalo ezimbili kuzobheka umphumela wemithi ezigulini ezingama-24 isonto elilodwa. Ingxenye yabahlanganyeli ecaleni lizothola umuthi i-APN01, kanti enye ingxenye izonikezwa i-placebo. Uma imiphumela iyakhuthaza, kuzokwenziwa izivivinyo ezinkulu zomtholampilo.

Favilavir

I-China ivume ukusetshenziswa kwe-antiviral drug favilavir ukwelapha izimpawu ze-COVID-19. Isidakamizwa saqale senzelwe ukwelapha ukuvuvukala emakhaleni nasemphinjeni.

Yize imiphumela yocwaningo ingakakhishwa okwamanje, lesi sidakamizwa kukhonjwe ukuthi siyasebenza ekwelapheni izimpawu ze-COVID-19 esivivinyweni somtholampilo sabantu abangama-70.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu ze-COVID-19?

Akuwona wonke umuntu one-SARS-CoV-2 ukutheleleka oyozizwa egula. Abanye abantu bangaze bathole igciwane kodwa bangabi nezimpawu. Lapho kunezimpawu, zivame ukuba mnene futhi zivame ukuza kancane.

I-COVID-19 ibonakala idala izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu kubantu abadala asebekhulile nakubantu abanezimo zempilo ezingaphansi, njengezimo zenhliziyo noma zamaphaphu ezingapheli.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu ze-COVID-19, landela le protocol:

1. Kala ukuthi ugula kangakanani. Zibuze ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi wahlangana ne-coronavirus. Uma uhlala esifundeni esiye saba nokuqubuka kwesifo, noma uma usanda kuhambela phesheya, ungaba sengozini enkulu yokuchayeka.
2. Shayela udokotela wakho. Uma unezimpawu ezincane, shayela udokotela wakho. Ukwehlisa ukudluliswa kwegciwane, imitholampilo eminingi ikhuthaza abantu ukuthi bashayele noma basebenzise ingxoxo ebukhoma kunokuba bangene emtholampilo. Udokotela wakho uzohlola izimpawu zakho bese esebenza neziphathimandla zezempilo zendawo kanye neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ukuthola ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa yini.
3. Hlala ekhaya. Uma unezimpawu ze-COVID-19 noma olunye uhlobo lokutheleleka ngegciwane, hlala ekhaya uthole ukuphumula okuningi. Qiniseka ukuhlala kude nabanye abantu futhi ugweme ukwabelana ngezinto ezifana nezibuko zokuphuza, izitsha, amakhibhodi, nezingcingo.

Udinga nini ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha?

Mayelana nabantu bayalulama ku-COVID-19 ngaphandle kokudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela noma ukwelashwa okukhethekile.

Uma umncane futhi unempilo enezimpawu ezimnene kuphela, udokotela wakho cishe uzokweluleka ukuthi uzihlukanise nabantu ekhaya futhi unciphise ukuxhumana nabanye ekhaya lakho. Cishe uzokwaziswa ukuthi uphumule, uhlale unamanzi amaningi, futhi ubheke ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho.

Uma ungumuntu omdala osekhulile, unemibandela yezempilo eyisisekelo, noma izivikeli mzimba ezibucayi, qiniseka ukuthi uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha nje lapho ubona izimpawu. Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngesenzo esingcono kakhulu.

Uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi ngokunakekelwa kwasekhaya, kubalulekile ukuthola usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha. Shayela isibhedlela sakini, umtholampilo, noma ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo ukubazisa ukuthi uzongena, futhi ugqoke imaski yobuso uma usuphuma ekhaya lakho. Ungashayela futhi i-911 ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukutheleleka kusuka ku-coronavirus

I-coronavirus yenoveli idluliselwa ikakhulukazi isuka kumuntu iye komunye. Kuleli qophelo, indlela engcono yokuvimbela ukutheleleka ukugwema ukuba phakathi kwabantu abake bathola igciwane.

Ngokwengeziwe, ngokusho kwe-, ungathatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20.
• Sebenzisa isanithayiza yesandla okungenani no-60 phesenti wotshwala uma insipho ingatholakali.
• Gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho ngaphandle kokuthi usanda kugeza izandla.
• Hlala kude nabantu abakhwehlelayo nabathimulayo. I-CDC incoma ukuma okungenani amamitha ayisithupha ukusuka kunoma ngubani obonakala egula.
• Gwema izindawo eziminyene ngangokunokwenzeka.

Abantu abadala asebekhulile basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka futhi bangafuna ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile zokugwema ukuhlangana negciwane.

Okubalulekile

Ngalesi sikhathi, awukho umuthi wokugoma wokukuvikela kwi-coronavirus yenoveli, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-SARS-CoV-2. Ayikho futhi nemithi ekhethekile evunyelwe ukwelapha izimpawu ze-COVID-19.

Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi emhlabeni wonke basebenza kanzima ukwenza imishanguzo kanye nokwelashwa okungaba khona.

Kunobufakazi obuvelayo bokuthi eminye imithi ingaba namandla okwelapha izimpawu ze-COVID-19. Ukuhlolwa okukhulu kakhulu kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi lezi zindlela zokuphepha ziphephile yini. Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kwale mithi kungathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa.