Ihluka kanjani i-COVID-19 Kumkhuhlane?

-Delile

• I-COVID-19 vs. umkhuhlane: Yini okufanele uyazi
• Inkathi yokufukanyelwa
• Izimpawu
• i-COVID-19
• Umkhuhlane
• Ukuqala kwesimpawu
• Inkambo yezifo nobukhali
• Isikhathi sokutheleleka
• Kungani leli gciwane liphathwa ngendlela ehlukile kumkhuhlane?
• Ukuntuleka kokuzivikela komzimba
• Ubunzima nokufa
• Izinga lokudlulisela
• Ukwelashwa nemithi yokugoma
• Ngabe umkhuhlane ungakuvikela ku-COVID-19?
• Ngabe i-COVID-19 izoba nenkathi efana nomkhuhlane?
• Ingabe i-coronavirus entsha isakazeka ngendlela efanayo nomkhuhlane?
• Ubani osengozini enkulu yokugula okungathi sína?
• Okufanele ukwenze uma unezimpawu ze-COVID-19
• Okubalulekile

Lo mbhalo ubuyekezwe ngo-Ephreli 27, 2020 ukufaka imininingwane mayelana namakhithi okuhlola amakhaya futhi ngo-Ephreli 29, 2020 ukufaka ezinye izimpawu ze-coronavirus ka-2019.

I-SARS-CoV-2 iyi-coronavirus entsha eyavela ngasekupheleni kuka-2019. Idala ukugula okuphefumula okubizwa nge-COVID-19. Abantu abaningi abathola i-COVID-19 banokugula okuncane ngenkathi abanye bengagula kakhulu.

I-COVID-19 yabelana ngokufana okuningi nomkhuhlane wonyaka. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nokwehluka okuningana phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Ngezansi, sizongena ngokujulile kulokho esikwaziyo kuze kube manje ukuthi i-COVID-19 ihluke kanjani kumkhuhlane.

I-COVID-19 vs. umkhuhlane: Yini okufanele uyazi

I-COVID-19 nomkhuhlane womabili kubanga ukugula okuphefumula futhi izimpawu zingafana kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nokwehluka okubalulekile. Ake sihlukanise lokhu ngokuqhubekayo.

Ihluka kanjani i-COVID-19 Kumkhuhlane?

Inkathi yokufukanyelwa

Isikhathi sokufukamela yisikhathi esidlula phakathi kokutheleleka kokuqala nokuqala kwezimpawu.

• I-COVID-19. Isikhathi sokufukamela siba phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili nezingu-14. Ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), isikhathi sokufukamela esiphakathi nendawo silinganiselwa ukuthi.
• Umkhuhlane. Isikhathi sokufukamela umkhuhlane sifushane, simaphakathi futhi siba phakathi kosuku olungu-1 kanye no-4.

Izimpawu

Ake sihlole izimpawu ze-COVID-19 nomkhuhlane ngokuseduze.

i-COVID-19

Izimpawu ezivame ukubonwa ze-COVID-19 yilezi:

• imfiva
• ukukhwehlela
• ukukhathala
• ukuphelelwa umoya

Ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezingenhla, abanye abantu bangathola ezinye izimpawu, yize zivame ukungajwayelekile:

• Ubuhlungu bemisipha nezinhlungu
• ikhanda
• ikhala eligijimayo noma eligcwele
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• isicanucanu noma isifo sohudo
• Ukugodola
• ukuzamazama njalo ngamakhaza
• ukulahlekelwa iphunga
• ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka

Abanye abantu abane-COVID-19 ngeke bahlangabezane nanoma yiziphi izimpawu noma bangathola kuphela izimpawu ezimnene kakhulu.

Umkhuhlane

Abantu abanomkhuhlane babhekana nezinye noma zonke lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• imfiva
• Ukugodola
• ukukhwehlela
• ukukhathala
• ubuhlungu bomzimba
• ikhanda
• ikhala eligijimayo noma eligcwele
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• isicanucanu noma isifo sohudo

Akuwona wonke umuntu onomkhuhlane ozoba nomkhuhlane. Lokhu kwenzeka kubantu abadala asebekhulile noma kulabo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.

Ngokwengeziwe, izimpawu zokugaya ukudla njengokuhlanza kanye nohudo zisezinganeni ezinomkhuhlane.

Ukuqala kwesimpawu

Kukhona futhi umehluko phakathi kwe-COVID-19 nomkhuhlane wokuthi izimpawu zikhona kanjani.

• I-COVID-19. Izimpawu zokuqala ze-COVID-19 ngokuvamile zinamandla,.
• Umkhuhlane. Ukuqala kwezimpawu zomkhuhlane kuvame ukuzuma.

Inkambo yezifo nobukhali

Sifunda okwengeziwe nge-COVID-19 nsuku zonke futhi kusekhona izici zalesi sifo ezingaziwa ngokugcwele.

Kodwa-ke, siyazi ukuthi kukhona umehluko othile enkambweni yezifo nobukhulu besifo se-COVID-19 nomkhuhlane.

• I-COVID-19. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amacala aqinisekisiwe e-COVID-19 anzima noma abucayi. Abanye abantu bangathola ukwanda kwezimpawu zokuphefumula evikini lesibili lokugula, ngokwesilinganiso ngemuva kwalokho.
• Umkhuhlane. Icala eliyinkimbinkimbi lomkhuhlane ngokuvamile lixazululeka cishe. Kwabanye abantu, ukukhwehlela nokukhathala kungahlala amasonto ama-2 noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphezudlwana kwabantu abanomkhuhlane balaliswe ezibhedlela.

Isikhathi sokutheleleka

Isikhathi sokuthi umuntu one-COVID-19 athathelanayo asisaqondakali kahle. Kungukuthi abantu bathelelana kakhulu uma benezimpawu.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi usabalalise i-COVID-19 ngaphambi kokuthi ubonise izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyimbangela enkulu ekusakazekeni kokugula. Lokhu kungashintsha, kepha, njengoba sifunda kabanzi nge-COVID-19.

Umuntu onomkhuhlane angalisabalalisa igciwane lapho eqala ukukhombisa izimpawu. Bangaqhubeka nokusabalalisa igciwane izinsuku ezi-5 kuya kwezi-7 emva kokugula kwabo.

Kungani leli gciwane liphathwa ngendlela ehlukile kumkhuhlane?

Ungase uzibuze ukuthi kungani i-COVID-19 iphathwa ngendlela ehlukile kunomkhuhlane namanye amagciwane okuphefumula. Ake sihlole lokhu kancane.

Ukuntuleka kokuzivikela komzimba

I-COVID-19 idalwa uhlobo olusha lwe-coronavirus olubizwa nge-SARS-CoV-2. Ngaphambi kokutholakala kwayo ngasekupheleni kuka-2019, zombili igciwane kanye nesifo esidala kwakungaziwa. Umthombo oqondile we-coronavirus entsha awaziwa, yize kukholakala ukuthi unemvelaphi yezilwane.

Ngokungafani nomkhuhlane wonyaka, inani labantu lilonke alinakho okuningi, uma kukhona, ukuvikeleka okukhona ku-SARS-CoV-2. Lokho kusho ukuthi yintsha ngokuphelele kumasosha akho omzimba, okuzofanele asebenze kanzima ukukhiqiza impendulo yokulwa negciwane.

Ngokwengeziwe, kungukuthi uma abantu abake baba ne-COVID-19 bangayithola futhi. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo luzosiza ukunquma lokhu.

Ubunzima nokufa

I-COVID-19 ngokuvamile inzima kakhulu kunomkhuhlane. Imininingwane kuze kube manje ikhombisa ukuthi mayelana nabantu abane-COVID-19 bahlangabezana nokugula okunzima noma okubucayi, okudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela futhi imvamisa ukuphathwa komoya-mpilo noma imishini yokungenisa umoya.

Yize kunezigameko zomkhuhlane eziyizigidi ngonyaka e-United States, amaphesenti amancane amacala omkhuhlane aholele ekulalisweni esibhedlela.

Imiphumela yezifundo ezingeni eliqondile lokufa kwe-COVID-19 kuze kube manje seyehlukahlukene. Lokhu kubalwa kuncike ezintweni ezifana nendawo kanye neminyaka yabantu.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kusuka ku-0.25 kuya ku-3%. Ucwaningo olulodwa lwe-COVID-19 e-Italy, lapho cishe ingxenye yesine yabantu ingama-65 noma ngaphezulu, ibeka inani eliphelele ku-.

Yize kunjalo, lezi zilinganiso zokufa ezilinganisiwe ziphakeme kunalezo zomkhuhlane wonyaka, olinganiselwa ukuthi uzobe usukhona.

Izinga lokudlulisela

Yize izifundo ziqhubeka njengamanje, kubonakala sengathi inombolo yokuzala (R0) ye-COVID-19 ingaphezu kwaleyo yomkhuhlane.

I-R0 yinombolo yokutheleleka kwesibili okungenziwa kumuntu oyedwa onegciwane. Kwi-COVID-19, i-R0 ilinganiselwe ukuthi ibe ngu-2.2. faka u-R0 womkhuhlane wonyaka cishe ku-1.28.

Lolu lwazi lisho ukuthi umuntu one-COVID-19 angadlulisela ukutheleleka kubantu abaningi kunenani labantu abanomkhuhlane ongathinta.

Ukwelashwa nemithi yokugoma

Umuthi wokugoma uyatholakala womkhuhlane wonyaka. Kuyabuyekezwa minyaka yonke ukukhomba izingculaza zomkhuhlane ezibikezelwe ukuthi zivame kakhulu ngesikhathi somkhuhlane.

Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wonyaka kuyindlela yokuvimbela ukugula ngomkhuhlane. Yize usengawuthola umkhuhlane ngemuva kokugonywa, ukugula kwakho kungaba mncane.

Kukhona nemithi elwa namagciwane etholakalayo yomkhuhlane. Uma unikezwa kusenesikhathi, angasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu futhi anciphise isikhathi ogula ngaso.

Okwamanje awekho umuthi wokugoma onamalayisense atholakalayo ukuvikela i-COVID-19. Ngokwengeziwe, kunconyelwa ukwelashwa kwe-COVID-19. Abaphenyi basebenza kanzima ekwenzeni lezi zinto.

Ngabe umkhuhlane ungakuvikela ku-COVID-19?

I-COVID-19 nomkhuhlane kubangelwa amagciwane aqhamuka emindenini ehluke ngokuphelele. Okwamanje abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ukuthola umkhuhlane kuvikela i-COVID-19.

Kodwa-ke, kusabalulekile ukuthola ukuthi umkhuhlane wakho udutshulwe unyaka nonyaka ukusiza ukuzivikela emkhuhlaneni, ikakhulukazi emaqenjini asengozini. Khumbula ukuthi amaqembu amaningi asengozini yokugula kakhulu avela ku-COVID-19 nawo asengozini yokugula okunzima okuvela kumkhuhlane.

Ngabe i-COVID-19 izoba nenkathi efana nomkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane ulandela iphethini yezinkathi ezithile zonyaka, lapho amacala edlange kakhulu ezinyangeni ezipholile nezomile zonyaka. Okwamanje akwaziwa ukuthi i-COVID-19 izolandela iphethini efanayo.

Ingabe i-coronavirus entsha isakazeka ngendlela efanayo nomkhuhlane?

I-CDC yokuthi bonke abantu bagqoke izifihla-buso zezindwangu ezindaweni zomphakathi lapho kunzima khona ukugcina ibanga elingamamitha ayisithupha ukusuka kwabanye.
Lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa ukubhebhetheka kwegciwane kubantu abangenazo izimpawu noma abantu abangazi ukuthi balitholile leli gciwane.
Amasiki obuso bendwangu kufanele agqokwe ngenkathi eqhubeka nokwenza ukuziqhelanisa nomzimba. Imiyalo yokwenza amaski ekhaya ingatholakala.
Qaphela: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina amaski wokuhlinza kanye nemishini yokuphefumula ye-N95 yabasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

I-COVID-19 nomkhuhlane zombili zidluliselwa ngamaconsi okuphefumula akhiqizwa umuntu onegciwane lapho ekhipha umoya, ekhwehlela noma ethimula. Uma uhogela noma uhlangana nala mathonsi, ungalithola igciwane.

Ngokwengeziwe, amaconsi okuphefumula aqukethe umkhuhlane noma i-coronavirus entsha angahlala ezintweni noma ezindaweni. Ukuthinta into noma indawo engcolile bese uthinta ubuso bakho, umlomo, noma amehlo nakho kungaholela ekuthelelekeni.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva lweSARS-CoV-2, inoveli coronavirus, ithole ukuthi igciwane eliphilayo lingatholakala ngemuva kwalokhu:

• kufika ezinsukwini ezi-3 kupulasitiki nensimbi engagqwali
• kufika emahoreni angama-24 kukhadibhodi
• kufika emahoreni amane ngethusi

Umkhuhlane uthole ukuthi igciwane eliphilayo lingatholakala kupulasitiki nasensimbi engagqwali amahora angama-24 kuye kwangama-48. Leli gciwane belingazinzi kangako ezindaweni ezinjengephepha, indwangu nezicubu, okusala kusebenza phakathi kwamahora ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayi-12.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokugula okungathi sína?

Kukhona ukugqagqana okuphawulekayo phakathi kwamaqembu asengozini kuzo zombili izifo. Izici ezandisa ubungozi bokugula okungathí sina kuzo zombili i-COVID-19 futhi umkhuhlane uhlanganisa:

• ukuba neminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu
• uhlala esikhungweni sokunakekelwa isikhathi eside, njengekhaya lasebekhulile
• ukuba nezimo zezempilo eziyisisekelo, njenge:
  • isifuba somoya
  • izifo ezingapheli zamaphaphu, njengesifo esingapheliyo sokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu (COPD)
  • amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, ngenxa yokufakelwa, i-HIV, noma ukwelashwa komdlavuza noma isifo se-autoimmune
  • isifo sikashukela
  • Isifo senhliziyo
  • isifo sezinso
  • isifo sesibindi
  • ukuba nokukhuluphala

Ngokwengeziwe, abesifazane abakhulelwe nezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemibili ubudala nabo basengozini eyengeziwe yokugula okungathi sína ngenxa yomkhuhlane.

Okufanele ukwenze uma unezimpawu ze-COVID-19

Ngakho-ke yini okufanele uyenze uma unezimpawu ze-COVID-19? Landela izinyathelo ezingezansi:

• Hlukanisa. Hlela ukuhlala ekhaya futhi unciphise ukuxhumana kwakho nabanye ngaphandle kokuthola usizo lwezokwelashwa.
• Hlola izimpawu zakho. Abantu abanokugula okuncane bangalulama ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, bheka izimpawu zakho ngoba zingase zibe zimbi kamuva ekutheleleni.
• Shayela udokotela wakho. Kuhlale kungumqondo omuhle ukubiza udokotela wakho ubazise ngezimpawu obhekene nazo.
• Gqoka isifihla-buso sobuso. Uma uhlala nabanye noma uyofuna usizo lwezokwelapha, gqoka imaski yokuhlinzwa (uma ikhona). Futhi, shayela phambili ngaphambi kokufika ehhovisi likadokotela wakho.
• Hlola. Okwamanje, ukuhlolwa kunqunyelwe, noma ngabe ugunyaze ikhithi yokuqala yokuhlola ikhaya ye-COVID-19. Udokotela wakho angasebenza neziphathimandla zezempilo zomphakathi ukunquma ukuthi ngabe udinga ukuhlolwa i-COVID-19.
• Funa ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo, uma kunesidingo. Uma uhlangabezana nenkinga yokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ubuso noma izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ezinye izimpawu zezimo eziphuthumayo zifaka ukozela nokudideka.

Okubalulekile

I-COVID-19 nomkhuhlane zombili izifo zokuphefumula. Ngenkathi kunokugqagqana okuningi phakathi kwabo, kukhona nomehluko obalulekile okufanele ubhekwe.

Izimpawu eziningi ezivamile zomkhuhlane azivamile ezimweni ze-COVID-19. Izimpawu zomkhuhlane nazo zikhula ngokuzumayo ngenkathi izimpawu ze-COVID-19 zikhula kancane kancane. Ngokwengeziwe, isikhathi sokufukamela umkhuhlane sifushane.

I-COVID-19 nayo ibonakala idala ukugula okunzima kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nomkhuhlane, ngamaphesenti amakhulu abantu abadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Igciwane elibangela i-COVID-19, i-SARS-CoV-2, nalo libukeka lidlulisa kalula kubantu.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi une-COVID-19, zihlukanise ekhaya kude nabanye abantu. Yazisa udokotela wakho ukuze bakwazi ukusebenzela ukuhlela ukuhlolwa. Qiniseka ukuthi ugcina umkhondo ngokucophelela wezimpawu zakho futhi ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kuqala ukuba kubi.

Ngo-Ephreli 21, kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwethuluzi lokuqala lokuhlola ikhaya le-COVID-19. Besebenzisa i-swab yekotini enikeziwe, abantu bazokwazi ukuqoqa isampula yamakhala bese bayithumela elabhorethri ebekiwe ukuze ihlolwe.

Ukugunyazwa kokusetshenziswa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kucacisa ukuthi ikhithi yokuhlola igunyaziwe ukuthi isetshenziswe ngabantu ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo abakhombe njengabasola i-COVID-19.