Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Ngemiphumela emibi ye-COVID-19 Yokugoma

-Delile

• Okokuqala, isibuyekezo sokuthi umgomo we-COVID-19 usebenza kanjani.
• Hlobo luni lwemiphumela emibi yokugoma ye-COVID-19 okufanele ngiyilindele?
• Yande kangakanani imiphumela emibi yokugoma ye-COVID-19?
• Kungani Kufanele Uthole Umuthi Wokugomela I-COVID-19, Kungakhathaliseki Imithelela Emihle
• Buyekeza kwe-

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje ngemuva kokuthi umuthi wokugomela i-Pfizer's COVID-19 uthole ukugunyazwa kokusetshenziswa okuphuthumayo kwa-Food and Drug Administration, abanye abantu sebevele bayagonywa. NgoDisemba 14, 2020, imithamo yokuqala yokugoma yePfizer yanikezwa abasebenzi bezempilo kanye nabasebenza emakhaya asebekhulile. Emasontweni nasezinyangeni ezizayo, umuthi wokugoma uzoqhubeka nokuhanjiswa kubantu bonke, nabasebenzi ababalulekile kanye nabantu abadala asebekhulile baba phakathi kwabokuqala ukuthola imithamo ngemuva kochwepheshe bezempilo abasengozini enkulu. (Bheka: Uzotholakala Nini Umuthi Wokugoma i-COVID-19 - Futhi Ubani Ozowuthola Kuqala?)

Yisikhathi esijabulisayo, kodwa uma ubulokhu ubona imibiko ngemiphumela emibi kakhulu yokugoma ye-COVID-19, mhlawumbe unemibuzo ethile mayelana nokuthi yini ongayilindela uma sekuyisikhathi sakho sokuthola isibhamu. Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nemiphumela emibi ye-COVID-19 yokugoma.

Okokuqala, isibuyekezo sokuthi umgomo we-COVID-19 usebenza kanjani.

Imithi yokugoma i-COVID-19 evela ePfizer naseModerna - eyokugcina kulindeleke ukuthi ithole ukugunyazwa okuphuthumayo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa - isebenzise uhlobo olusha lokugoma olubizwa nge-messenger RNA (mRNA). Esikhundleni sokufaka igciwane elingasebenzi emzimbeni wakho (njengoba kwenziwa ngokudutshulwa komkhuhlane), imigomo ye-mRNA isebenza ngokufaka ikhodi engxenyeni yeprote protein etholakala ebusweni be-SARS-CoV-2 (igciwane elibangela i-COVID-19). Lezo zingcezu zeprotheni ezifakiwe bese zibangela ukuphendula komzimba emzimbeni wakho, okuholele ekutheni wakhe amasosha omzimba angakuvikela kuleligciwane uma ungatheleleka, u-Amesh A. Adalja, MD, isazi esiphakeme e-Johns Hopkins Centers for Health Security, kushiwo ngaphambili Umumo. (Okwengeziwe lapha: Usebenza Kangakanani Umgomo we-COVID-19?)

Cabanga ngezingcezu zamaprotheni ezifakiwe njenge- “fingerprint” yofuzo yegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2, kusho uThad Mick, Pharm.D., Usekela mongameli wezinhlelo zemithi kanye nezinsizakalo zokuxilonga eZOOM + Care. “Inhloso yemigomo ye-COVID-19 ukwethula izigxivizo zeminwe zegciwane ezixwayisa umzimba wakho kusenesikhathi ukuze amasosha omzimba abone ukuthi awakho futhi akhe impendulo yokuzivikela kuwo ngaphambi kokuba igciwane lithole ithuba lokudlula elakho. izivikelo zemvelo, ”uyachaza.

Enqubeni yokwakha leyo mpendulo yomzimba, kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuhlangabezana nemiphumela engemihle endleleni, engeza uMick.

Hlobo luni lwemiphumela emibi yokugoma ye-COVID-19 okufanele ngiyilindele?

Kusukela manje, sinocwaningo lokuqala kuphela ngemiphumela emibi yedatha yokuphepha yemithi yokugoma ye-Pfizer's ne-Moderna ye-COVID-19. Sekukonke, umuthi wokugoma wePfizer kuthiwa "unephrofayili evumayo yezokuphepha," kuyilapho iModerna ngokufanayo ikhombisa "ukungabi nezinkinga zokuphepha." Zombili izinkampani zithi ziyaqhubeka nokuqoqa idatha yokuphepha (kanye nokusebenza kahle) ukuze ziqinisekise lokhu okutholakele.

Lokho kusho, njenganoma yikuphi ukugoma, ungathola imiphumela emibi evela kumuthi wokugoma we-COVID-19. Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo zibala le miphumela emibi yokugoma ye-COVID-19 kuwebhusayithi yayo:

• Ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala endaweni yomjovo
• Imfiva
• Amakhaza
• Ukukhathala
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda

Eminye imiphumela emibi yomgomo we-COVID-19 ingase ihlanganise ubuhlungu bemisipha nobuhlungu bamalunga, kwengeza uMick. “Ngokwalokho esikwaziyo, imiphumela emibi eminingi izovela osukwini lokuqala noma ezimbili ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma, kepha kungenzeka ivele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi,” kuchaza yena. (Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imiphumela emibi yokudutshulwa komkhuhlane iyafana.)

Uma le miphumela engemihle izwakala njengezimpawu ze-COVID-19, lokho kungenxa yokuthi zinjalo. “Umuthi wokugoma uvuselela amasosha omzimba ukuba alwe naleli gciwane,” kuchaza uRichard Pan, M.D., udokotela wezifo zezingane kanye nesenenja yesifundazwe saseCalifornia. "Imiphumela eminingi engemihle iyizimpawu zalokho kuphendula okufana nomkhuhlane, ukukhathala, ikhanda elibuhlungu, nobuhlungu bemisipha."

Kodwa-ke, lokho akusho ukuthi umuthi wokugoma we-COVID-19 ungakunika i-COVID-19, kuphawula uDkt Pan. “Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-mRNA [evela emuthini wokugoma] ayithinti unomphela noma yimaphi amaseli akho,” kuchaza yena. Kunalokho, leyo mRNA iwuhlelo nje lwesikhashana lweprotein ye-spike etholakala ebusweni begciwane. “Lolu hlelo luntekenteke kakhulu, yingakho umgomo udinga ukugcinwa ubanda kangaka ngaphambi kokuba usetshenziswe,” kusho uDkt. Pan. Umzimba wakho ekugcineni ususa lowo mbono ngemuva kokugonywa, kepha ama-antibody owakha ukuphendula azohlala, uyachaza. (I-CDC iphawula ukuthi kudingeka imininingwane eminingi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasosha omzimba akhiwe emithini yokugoma i-COVID-19 ayohlala isikhathi esingakanani.)

"Akunakwenzeka ukubamba i-COVID-19 emgomeni, njengoba nje nokuba nepulani lokwakha isondo lokuqondisa akukuniki izinhlelo zokwakha imoto yonke," kwengeza uDkt. Pan.

Yande kangakanani imiphumela emibi yokugoma ye-COVID-19?

I-FDA isahlola idatha yokuthi le miphumela engemihle ye-COVID-19 engenhla ingase ivame kangakanani esintwini sisonke. Okwamanje, nokho, imininingwane ekhishwe uPfizer kanye neModerna ezivivinyweni zabo ezinkulu zemitholampilo iphakamisa ukuthi inani elincane labantu lizoba “nezimpawu ezibalulekile kodwa zesikhashana” ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19, kusho uDkt. Pan.

Ngokuqondile, esivivinyweni sikaModerna somuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19, amaphesenti angu-2.7 abantu abathola ubuhlungu besiza somjovo ngemuva komthamo wokuqala. Ukulandela umthamo wesibili (onikezwa amasonto amane ngemuva kokudutshulwa kokuqala), amaphesenti angu-9.7 abantu abathola ukukhathala, amaphesenti angu-8.9 abike izinhlungu zemisipha, amaphesenti angu-5.2 abe nobuhlungu obuhlangene, amaphesenti angu-4.5 abike ikhanda, amaphesenti angu-4.1 abhekana nobuhlungu obuvamile, namaphesenti amabili uthe isibhamu sesibili sibashiye bebomvu endaweni yokujova.

Kuze kube manje, imiphumela emibi yokugomela i-COVID-19 kaPfizer ibonakala ifana nekaModerna. Ocwaningweni olukhulu lwe-Pfizer lomuthi wokugoma, amaphesenti angu-3.8 abantu abike ukukhathala futhi amaphesenti angu-2 aphathwa yikhanda, kokubili ngemva komthamo wesibili (onikezwa amasonto amathathu ngemva komjovo wokuqala). Abantu abangaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa esivivinyweni somtholampilo babike umkhuhlane (ochazwe ocwaningweni njengokushisa komzimba okungaphezu kuka-100 ° F) ngemuva komthamo wokuqala noma wesibili. Inani elincane (amaphesenti angu-0.3, uma liqhathaniswa ngqo) labathola umuthi liphinde labika ukuthi kunama-lymph node avuvukile, "ngokuvamile axazululwa ezinsukwini eziyishumi" zokugoma, ngokusho kocwaningo.

Nakuba le miphumela engemihle ingeyesikhashana futhi ingabonakali ivamile kangako, ingaba “balulekile” ngokwanele kangangokuthi abanye abantu “kungase kudingeke baphuthe usuku lomsebenzi” ngemva kokugonywa, kuphawula uDkt. Pan.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uzwile ukukhathazeka mayelana nokungezwani komzimba nomgomo we-Pfizer's COVID-19. Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuba umuthi wokugoma ukhishwe e-UK, abasebenzi ababili bezokunakekelwa kwempilo - bobabili abaphatha i-EpiPen futhi abanomlando wokungazwani nomzimba - abanolwazi i-anaphylaxis (ukusabela okweqile kokuphila okubangelwa ukuphefumula okungafanele kanye nokwehla kwengcindezi yegazi ngokulandela umthamo wabo wokuqala, ngokusho kwe- New York Times. Bobabili abasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo sebeluleme, kodwa okwamanje, abaphathi bezempilo e-UK bakhiphe isexwayiso sokungezwani komzimba nomuthi wokugoma we-PVizer we-COVID-19: “Noma yimuphi umuntu onomlando we-anaphylaxis emuthini wokugoma, umuthi, noma ukudla akufanele athole Umuthi wokugoma we-Pfizer / BioNTech. Umthamo wesibili akufanele unikezwe noma ngubani ohlangabezane ne-anaphylaxis kulandela ukwenziwa komthamo wokuqala walo muthi wokugoma. ” (Okuhlobene: Kwenzekani Uma Ungena Ku-Anaphylactic Shock?)

EU.S ngalesi sikhathi. (Ungathola uhlu olugcwele lwezithako emuthini wokugoma i-Pfizer ekhasini lamaqiniso elifanayo elivela ku-FDA.)

Kungani Kufanele Uthole Umuthi Wokugomela I-COVID-19, Kungakhathaliseki Imithelela Emihle

Iqiniso liwukuthi, ungase uzizwe njengongenangqondo usuku noma ezimbili ngemva kokuthola umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19. Kodwa sekukonke, imishanguzo ye-COVID-19 "iphephe kakhulu" kunegciwane uqobo, eselivele libulale abantu abalinganiselwa ku-300,000 e-U.S., Kusho uDkt Pan.

Imithi yokugomela i-COVID-19 ngeke isize kuphela wena gwema izinkinga ezinkulu ze-COVID-19, kodwa futhi zizosiza nokuvikela abantu angeke ukugonywa okwamanje (kufaka phakathi labo abanezifo ezinzima, abantu abakhulelwe, nalabo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 ubudala), kunezela uDkt Pan. (Ukugqoka imaski yakho, ukugudluka komphakathi, nokugeza izandla nakho kuzoqhubeka nokubalulekile ekuvikeleni abantu ku-COVID-19.)

"Yize abaningi bekhathazekile ngomuthi wokugoma i-COVID-19, kunezinzuzo eziningi zokugoma," kuchaza uMick. "Le mithi yokugoma ihlolisiswa kahle futhi izongena emakethe kuphela uma kukhona ubungozi bomuthi wokugoma obudlula izinzuzo."

Imininingwane ekule ndaba inembile njengesikhathi sokushicilela. Njengoba izibuyekezo ezimayelana ne-coronavirus COVID-19 ziqhubeka nokuvela, kungenzeka ukuthi eminye imininingwane nezincomo kule ndaba zishintshile selokhu kwashicilelwa okokuqala. Sikukhuthaza ukuthi uhlole njalo izinsiza ezifana ne-CDC, i-WHO, kanye nomnyango wezempilo womphakathi wendawo ukuze uthole imininingwane yakamuva nezincomo.

Buyekeza kwe-