Iyini Ngempela Iphasiphothi Yokugoma Ye-COVID?

-Delile

• Yini ipasipoti yokugoma?
• Ingabe amaphasipoti okugoma asevele ekhona kwezinye izifo?
• Izosetshenziswa kanjani iphasiphothi yokugomela i-COVID-19?
• Ngabe amaphasipoti okugomela i-COVID angasebenza kanjani ekunciphiseni ukusabalala kwegciwane?
• Kukonke, ingabe amapasipoti wokugoma we-COVID umqondo omuhle noma omubi?
• Buyekeza kwe-

Kusukela kulo wesibili, cishe amaphesenti ayi-18 abantu base-US bagonyelwe ngokuphelele i-COVID-19, futhi kuningi okwengeziwe abasendleleni yokuthola isibhamu sabo. Lokho kuphakamise imibuzo enkulu yokuthi abantu abagonywe ngokuphelele bangahamba kanjani ngokuphepha futhi bangene kabusha ezindaweni zomphakathi - kusuka kumathiyetha nasezinkundleni zemidlalo kuya emikhosini nasemahhotela - njengoba beqala ukuvula futhi. Isixazululo esisodwa esingaba khona esilokhu sivela? Amaphasipoti wokugomela i-COVID.

Iziphathimandla zombuso eNew York, ngokwesibonelo, zethule ipasipoti yedijithali ebizwa nge-Excelsior Pass lapho izakhamizi zingazikhipha ngokuzithandela mahhala ukukhombisa ubufakazi bokugonywa kwe-COVID (noma ukuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19 okusanda kuthathwa). Iphasi, elifana nethikithi lokugibela ibhanoyi lendiza, kuhloswe ukuthi lisetshenziswe "ezindaweni ezinkulu zokuzijabulisa ezinjengeMadison Square Garden" njengoba lezi zikhala ziqala ukuvulwa, ngokusho kwe I-Associated Press. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwa-Israel, izakhamuzi zingathola lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi "iGreen Pass," noma isitifiketi sokungavikeleki kwe-COVID-19 esikhishwe uMnyango Wezempilo wezwe ngohlelo lokusebenza. Iphasi livumela labo abagonywe ngokugcwele, kanye nalabo abasanda ukululama ku-COVID-19, ukuthi bafinyelele ezindaweni zokudlela, izindawo zokuzivocavoca, amahhotela, amatiyetha nezinye izindawo zokuzijabulisa zomphakathi.

Uhulumeni wase-U.S. Kubikwa ukuthi ubheka okucishe kufane, yize kungekho okukhombayo okwamanje. "Umsebenzi wethu ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma iziphi izixazululo kule ndawo kufanele zibe lula, zikhululeke, zibe ngumthombo ovulekile, zifinyeleleke kubantu ngokwamadijithi nasephepheni, futhi zenzelwe kusukela ekuqaleni ukuvikela ubumfihlo babantu," kusho uJeff Zients, impendulo ye-White House coronavirus umxhumanisi, kusho isithangami ngoMashi 12.

Kodwa akubona bonke abavumelana nalo mbono. Umbusi waseFlorida uRon DeSantis usanda kukhipha umyalo omkhulu ovimbela amabhizinisi ukuthi adinge amakhasimende ukuthi akhombise ubufakazi bokuthi agonyelwe i-COVID-19. Lo myalelo uphinde unqabele noma iyiphi i-ejensi kahulumeni esifundazweni ukuthi ikhiphe imibhalo ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ngobufakazi bokugoma, iphawula ukuthi, "amaphasipoti okugoma anciphisa inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye futhi azolimaza ubumfihlo besiguli."

Konke lokhu kuphakamisa kakhulu imibuzo mayelana namaphasipoti okugoma kanye namandla awo esikhathi esizayo. Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi.

Yini ipasipoti yokugoma?

Iphasiphothi yokugoma irekhodi lokuphrinta noma ledijithali ledatha yezempilo yomuntu, ikakhulukazi umlando wabo wokugoma noma ukungavikeleki ekuguleni okuthile, kuchaza uStanley H. Weiss, MD, uprofesa eRutgers New Jersey Medical School kanye noMnyango weBiostatistics & Epidemiology e iRutgers School of Health Public. Endabeni ye-COVID-19, lokho kungafaka imininingwane yokuthi ngabe umuntu ugonyelwe igciwane noma usanda kuhlolwa ukuthi akanalo i-COVID.

Lapho umuntu esenikezwe ipasipoti, umqondo ukuthi angahamba aye ezindaweni ezithile futhi, ngokweqiniso, anikezwe ukufinyelela kumabhizinisi athile, imicimbi, noma izindawo ezithile, kuchaza uDkt Weiss.

Umgomo ojwayelekile wepasi lokugoma uwukukhawulela futhi uqukathe ukusabalala kwesifo, kusho uDkt. Weiss. "Uma ukhathazekile ngokusabalalisa ukugula okuthile, kufanele ubhale ukuthi ugonyelwe ukunciphisa ubungozi bokusabalala kunengqondo," kuchaza yena. (Okuhlobene: Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Mayelana Nemiphumela emibi ye-COVID-19 Vaccine Side)

Iphasiphothi yokugoma nayo ibalulekile ekuhambeni kwamazwe omhlaba ngoba "umhlaba usezinkathini ezihlukile zokugoma," kuphawula uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo u-Amesh A. Adalja, MD, isazi esiphakeme eJohns Hopkins Center for Health Security. "Ukwazi ukuthi umuntu ugonyiwe kungenza kube lula ukuhamba amazwe omhlaba ngoba lowo muntu kungenzeka angadingi ukuvalelwa yedwa noma ahlolwe," kuchaza yena.

Ingabe amaphasipoti okugoma asevele ekhona kwezinye izifo?

Yebo. "Amanye amazwe adinga ubufakazi bokugonywa yi-yellow fever," kusho uDkt. Adalja.

I-yellow fever, i-ICYDK, itholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo eziseNingizimu Melika nase-Afrika futhi isakazeka ngokulunywa omiyane, ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ukugula "kungabangela ukuqubuka," kushiye abantu benomkhuhlane, ukugodola, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha futhi, okubi kakhulu, ukwehluleka kwezitho noma ukufa, kusho uShital Patel, MD, uprofesa osizayo wezokwelapha ezifweni ezithathelwanayo eBaylor College of. Umuthi. "Ngemva kokugonyelwa i-yellow fever, uthola 'ikhadi eliphuzi' elisayiniwe futhi lagxivizwa, elaziwa ngokuthi yi-International Certificate of Vaccination noma Prophylaxis (noma i-ICVP), oyithatha ohambweni lwakho" uma uhamba endaweni ethile edinga ubufakazi uyachazwa. (I-World Health Organisation inohlu oluningiliziwe lwamazwe nezindawo ezidinga ikhadi lokugoma i-yellow fever.)

Noma ngabe awukaze uhambe noma kuphi lapho bekudinga khona ubufakazi bokugonyelwa i-yellow fever, kungenzeka ukuthi usabambe iqhaza kwipasipoti yokugoma yezinhlobo unganakile, uyanezela uDkt Patel: Izikole eziningi zidinga imigomo yezingane nemibhalo yezifo ezinjengemvukuzane, uvendle, kanye ne-hepatitis B ngaphambi kokuba izingane zibhalise.

Izosetshenziswa kanjani iphasiphothi yokugomela i-COVID-19?

Ngokwethiyori, ipasipoti yokugoma ye-COVID izovumela abantu ukuthi babuyele empilweni "ejwayelekile" - futhi, ikakhulukazi, ukukhulula izivumelwano ze-COVID-19 ezixukwini.

“Osomabhizinisi abazimele sebevele bacabanga ngokusebenzisa ubufakazi bokugoma njengendlela yokuguqula ukusebenza uma bebhekene nomuthi wokugoma,” kuchaza uDkt Adalja. "Lokhu sesivele sikubona emicimbini yezemidlalo." I-NBA's Miami Heat, ngokwesibonelo, isanda kuvulwa izigaba zokugonywa kuphela zabalandeli emidlalweni yasekhaya (naphezu komyalelo woMbusi uDeSantis ovimbela amabhizinisi ekudingeni ubufakazi bamakhasimende bokugonyelwa i-COVID). Abalandeli abathole umuthi wokugoma i-COVID "bazongeniswa ngesango elihlukile futhi kuzodingeka bakhombise ikhadi labo lokugoma i-Centers for Disease Control," ngemibhalo ebhalwe usuku ekhadini efakazela ukuthi bagonywe ngokuphelele (okusho ukuthi bathole imithamo yomibili womuthi wokugoma i-Pfizer noma iModerna, noma umthamo owodwa womgomo kaJohnson & Johnson) okungenani izinsuku eziyi-14, ngokusho kwe-NBA.

Amanye amazwe angaqala futhi ukudinga ubufakazi bokugonywa kwe-COVID kwabavakashi bamazwe aphesheya (amazwe amaningi, kufaka phakathi ne-U.S., Asevele egunyaze imiphumela emibi yokuhlolwa kwe-COVID lapho efika), kuphawula uDkt Adalja.

Noma kunjalo, lokho akusho ukuthi uhulumeni wobumbano wase-US uzokhipha noma adinge amapasipoti wokugoma asemthethweni we-COVID nganoma yisiphi isikhathi maduzane, u-Anthony Fauci, MD, umqondisi we-US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, kusho I-Politico Dispatch i-podcast. "Bangabandakanyeka ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izinto zenziwa ngokulingana nangokulingana, kodwa ngiyangabaza ukuthi uhulumeni wesifundazwe uzoba yingxenye ehamba phambili [yamaphasipoti wokugoma i-COVID]," kuchaza yena. Kodwa-ke, uDkt. Fauci uthe amanye amabhizinisi nezikole zingadinga ubufakazi bokugoma ukuze zingene ezakhiweni. "Angisho ukuthi kufanele noma bazokwenza lokho, kodwa ngithi ungabona kusengaphambili ukuthi inhlangano ezimele ingasho kanjani ukuthi, 'Hhayi, asikwazi ukubhekana nawe ngaphandle kokuthi sazi ukuthi ugonyiwe,' kepha angeke kugunyazwe uhulumeni wobumbano,” usho kanje.

Ngabe amaphasipoti okugomela i-COVID angasebenza kanjani ekunciphiseni ukusabalala kwegciwane?

Okuningi kwalokhu ukuqagela okwamanje, kepha uDkt. Patel uthi amaphasipoti wokugoma i-COVID-19 "angasebenza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala," ikakhulukazi kubantu abangagonywanga ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphansi okugoma. Ukucaca nokho, i-CDC ithi abantu abagonywe ngokuphelele "bangathola i-COVID-19 futhi bayisabalalise nakwabanye," okusho ukuthi ubufakazi bokugoma abuqinisekisi ngokuvikeleka kokudluliswa kwe-COVID.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uDkt Weiss uthi kunzima ukufakazela ngocwaningo ukuthi zingasebenza kangakanani lezi zinqubomgomo zepasipoti yokugoma. Kodwa-ke, uyanezela, "Kuyacaca ukuthi ungenwa yi-ejenti ethelelanayo kuphela uma uke wachayeka kuyo futhi umuntu esengozini."

Lokho kusho ukuthi, amapasipoti wokugoma we-COVID-19 eza namandla wokukhetha noma ukubandlulula abantu abangenalo ithuba lokugonywa. Isibonelo, eminye imiphakathi ayinazo izinsizakalo ezidingekayo zokuthola umuthi wokugoma, kanti abanye abantu bangahle bangafuni ukugoma ngenxa yesimo esithile sempilo, njengokungezwani komzimba kwesinye sezithako zomuthi wokugoma. (Okuhlobene: Ngithole Umuthi Wokugoma i-COVID-19 Ezinyangeni Ezi-7 Zokukhulelwa - Nakhu Engifuna Ukwazi)

“Lokhu kuyinselele,” kuvuma uDkt. Patel. "Kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi wonke umuntu ofuna ukugonywa uyawuthola umuthi wokugoma futhi angagonywa. Kumele nakanjani sibeke izinqubomgomo nezinqubo ezikhona ukuvimbela ubandlululo futhi sivikele nomphakathi ukunqanda lolu bhubhane."

Kukonke, ingabe amapasipoti wokugoma we-COVID umqondo omuhle noma omubi?

Ochwepheshe babonakala becabanga kanjalo ezinye Isidingo sokukhombisa ubufakazi bokugonywa kwe-COVID sizosiza. "Kukhona izinzuzo zohlobo oluthile lwemibhalo yemithi yokugoma efakwa ezimweni ezithile ukusiza ukunciphisa nokunqanda ukusabalala kwe-COVID-19," kuchaza uDkt Patel. "Kanjani ukuzulazula kulokhu kuzoba nzima. Kumele icace, icabangele, futhi iguquguquke, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukufinyelela emithini yokugoma kukhula. "

UDkt Weiss uyavuma. Nakuba ephawula ukukhathazeka ngabantu abasebenzisa kabi uhlelo (funda: ukuza namapasi mbumbulu), uthi, ekugcineni, "umqondo wokukhawulela imisebenzi ethile ngalesi sikhathi kusenesikhathi kulabo abanemibhalo yokugoma kuwumqondo omuhle."

Imininingwane ekule ndaba inembile njengesikhathi sokushicilela. Njengoba izibuyekezo mayelana ne-coronavirus COVID-19 ziqhubeka nokuvela, kungenzeka ukuthi ulwazi oluthile nezincomo kule ndaba kushintshile kusukela ekushicilelweni kokuqala. Sikukhuthaza ukuthi uhlole njalo izinsiza ezifana ne-CDC, i-WHO, kanye nomnyango wezempilo womphakathi wendawo ukuze uthole imininingwane yakamuva nezincomo.

Buyekeza kwe-