Kuyini Ubuthi beCyanide?

-Delile

• Yini i-cyanide?
• Ziyini izimpawu zobuthi be-cyanide?
• Ubuthi obunzima be-cyanide
• Ubuthi obungapheli be-cyanide
• Yini ebangela ubuthi be-cyanide futhi ubani osengozini?
• Butholakala kanjani ubuthi be-cyanide?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo?
• Ngabe ubuthi be-cyanide bungaholela kunoma yiziphi izinkinga?
• Uyini umbono?
• Ungabuvimbela kanjani ubuthi be-cyanide

Yini i-cyanide?

ICyanide ingenye yobuthi obudume kakhulu - kusuka kumanoveli ezinhloli kuya ezimfihlakalweni zokubulala, ithuthukiswe idumela lokudala ukufa cishe ngokushesha.

Kepha empilweni yangempela, i-cyanide iyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. I-Cyanide ingabhekisa kunoma iyiphi ikhemikhali equkethe isibopho se-carbon-nitrogen (CN), futhi ingatholakala kwezinye izindawo ezimangazayo.

Isibonelo, itholakala ekudleni okuningi okuphephile okudliwayo kwezitshalo, kufaka phakathi ama-alimondi, ubhontshisi we-lima, i-soy, nesipinashi.

Ungathola futhi i-cyanide kumakhemikhali athile e-nitrile asetshenziswa njenge-citalopram (Celexa) ne-cimetidine (Tagamet). Ama-nitrile awanabo ubuthi ngoba awakhiphi kalula i-carbon-nitrogen ion, okuyiyona esebenza njengoshevu emzimbeni.

I-Cyanide ingumkhiqizo we-metabolism emzimbeni womuntu. Ikhishwa ngamanani aphansi ngawo wonke umoya.

Izinhlobo ezibulalayo ze-cyanide zifaka:

• i-sodium cyanide (NaCN)
• i-potassium cyanide (KCN)
• i-hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
• i-cyanogen chloride (CNCl)

Lawa mafomu angavela njengokuqina, uketshezi, noma amagesi. Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangane nenye yalezi fomu ngesikhathi somlilo wokwakha.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zobuthi be-cyanide, osengozini enkulu, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo.

Ziyini izimpawu zobuthi be-cyanide?

Izimpawu zokuchayeka kwe-cyanide enobuthi zingavela ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana embalwa kuya emizuzwini embalwa ngemuva kokuvezwa.

Ungahle uzwe:

• ubuthakathaka jikelele
• isicanucanu
• ukudideka
• ikhanda
• ukuphefumula kanzima
• ukudlikiza
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo

Ukuthi ubuthinte kanzima kangakanani ubuthi be-cyanide kuya ngokuthi:

• umthamo
• uhlobo lwe-cyanide
• wadalulwa isikhathi esingakanani

Kunezindlela ezimbili ezahlukene ongathola ngazo ukuvezwa kwe-cyanide. Ubuthi obubi be-cyanide bunemiphumela esheshayo, evame ukusongela impilo. Imiphumela yobuthi be-cyanide engapheli ivela ekuchayekelweni ngamanani amancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ubuthi obunzima be-cyanide

Ubuthi obubi be-cyanide abuvamile, futhi iningi lamacala avela ekuchayekeni okungahlosiwe.

Uma kwenzeka, izimpawu ziyashesha futhi zinzima. Ungahle uzwe:

• ukuphefumula kanzima
• ukudlikiza
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo

Uma usola ukuthi wena noma othandekayo ubhekene nobuthi obunzima be-cyanide, funa usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha. Lesi simo sisongela impilo.

Ubuthi obungapheli be-cyanide

Ubuthi obungapheli be-cyanide bungavela uma uvezwa igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide esikhathini esiningi.

Izimpawu zivame ukuhamba kancane futhi zikhule ngamandla njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka.

Izimpawu zokuqala zingafaka:

• ikhanda
• ukozela
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• i-vertigo
• i-red flush ebomvu

Izimpawu ezingeziwe zingabandakanya:

• abafundi abahlanzekile
• isikhumba se-clammy
• kancane, ukuphefumula okungajulile
• ukushaya ngamandla, okushesha ngokwengeziwe
• ukudlikizela

Uma isimo sihlala singatholakali futhi singelashwa, singaholela ku:

• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane, okungalingani
• kunciphise ukushisa komzimba
• izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubuso, nemikhawulo
• ikhoma
• ukufa

Yini ebangela ubuthi be-cyanide futhi ubani osengozini?

Ubuthi be-cyanide. Uma kwenzeka, imvamisa kungumphumela wokuhogela intuthu noma ubuthi obuyingozi lapho usebenza ne-cyanide noma eduze kwayo.

Ungaba sengozini yokuvezwa ngengozi uma usebenza emikhakheni ethile. Kusetshenziswa usawoti omningi we-cyanide wezinto ezimbonini ezilandelayo:

• insimbi
• ukukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki
• ukuthambisa
• izithombe

Amakhemikhali nawo angaba sengozini, njengoba i-potassium ne-sodium cyanides kungama-reagents ajwayelekile asetshenziswa kumalebhu.

Ungaba sengozini yokuthola ubuthi be-cyanide uma:

• sebenzisa amanani amaningi we-nail polish remover aqukethe i-organic cyanide compounds efana ne-acetonitrile (methyl cyanide)
• faka ukudla ngokweqile kokudla okuthile okutshalwe ezitshalweni, njengama-apricot kernels, amatshe e-cherry nemigodi yamapentshisi

Butholakala kanjani ubuthi be-cyanide?

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zobuthi obunzima be-cyanide, funa usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zobuthi obungapheli be-cyanide, bheka udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ngemuva kokuxoxa ngezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba.

Bazophinda futhi bahlole ukuhlola kwakho:

• Izinga le-Methemoglobin. I-Methemoglobin ilinganiswa lapho kunokukhathazeka ngokulimala komusi.
• Ukuhlushwa kwegazi le-carbon monoxide (izinga le-carboxyhemoglobin). Ukuhlushwa kwegazi lakho le-carbon monoxide kungabonisa ukuthi kungakanani ukuhogela intuthu okwenzekile.
• Izinga le-Plasma noma legazi le-lactate. Ukugxilwa kwegazi le-cyyanide imvamisa akutholakali ngesikhathi ukusiza ukuxilonga nokwelapha ubuthi obunzima be-cyanide, kepha kunganikeza isiqinisekiso sakamuva sobuthi.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo?

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwelapha icala elisolwayo lobuthi be-cyanide ukukhomba umthombo wokuchayeka. Lokhu kuzosiza udokotela wakho noma omunye umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo anqume indlela efanele yokuqeda ukungcoliswa.

Esimweni somlilo noma esinye isigameko esiphuthumayo, abasebenzi bezokutakula bazosebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela njengamaski obuso, izivikeli zamehlo, namagilavu ​​amabili ukungena endaweni bese bekuyisa endaweni ephephile.

Uma udle i-cyanide, unganikezwa amalahle acushiwe ukusiza ukumunca ubuthi futhi ubususe ngokuphepha emzimbeni wakho.

Ukuvezwa kwe-cyanide kungathinta ukungena kwe-oksijeni, ngakho-ke udokotela wakho anganikeza i-oxygen engamaphesenti ayi-100 nge-mask noma nge-endotracheal tube.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, udokotela wakho anganikeza enye yama-antidotes amabili:

• ikhithi ye-cyanide antidote
• i-hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit)

I-cyanide antidote kit inemithi emithathu enikezwe ndawonye: i-amyl nitrite, i-sodium nitrite, ne-sodium thiosulfate. I-amyl nitrite inikezwa ngokuhogela umoya amasekhondi ayi-15 kuye kwangama-30, kuyilapho i-nitrite ye-sodium ifakwa ngemithambo ngaphezu kwemizuzu emithathu kuya kwemihlanu. Umjovo we-sodium thiosulfate ulawulwa cishe imizuzu engama-30.

I-Hydroxocobalamin izokhipha ubuthi be-cyanide ngokubopha nayo ukukhiqiza uvithamini B-12 onganabuthi. Lo muthi udambisa i-cyanide ngesilinganiso esisheshayo esanele ukuvumela i-enzyme ebizwa nge-rhodanese ukuthi iqhubeke nokuqeda ubuthi be-cyanide esibindini.

Ngabe ubuthi be-cyanide bungaholela kunoma yiziphi izinkinga?

Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, i-cyanide poisoning ebukhali noma engapheli ingadala:

• ukudlikiza
• ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo
• ikhoma

Kwezinye izimo, ubuthi be-cyanide bungaholela ekufeni.

Uma usola ukuthi wena noma othandekayo uhlangabezana nezimpawu zobuthi obukhulu be-cyanide, funa usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Uyini umbono?

Umbono wakho uzoncika kohlobo lwe-cyanide olukhona, umthamo, nokuthi uvezwe isikhathi esingakanani.

Uma uhlangabezane nokuvezwa okunamandla noma okungapheli kwezinga eliphansi, umbono uvame ukuba muhle. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ubungozi bezinkinga.

Izinga elilinganisiwe lokuvezwa okunamandla noma okungapheli nakho kungaxazululwa ngokuxilongwa nokwelashwa okusheshayo.

Ezimweni ezinzima, izimpawu zivame ukuzuma futhi zisongela impilo. Kudingeka usizo oluphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Ungabuvimbela kanjani ubuthi be-cyanide

Kunezindlela zokunciphisa ubungozi bokuchayeka kwe-cyanide. Ungakwazi:

• Thatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqapha umlilo wasekhaya. Faka futhi ugcine imitshina yokubhema. Gwema ukusebenzisa izifudumezi zesikhala namalambu e-halogen, futhi ugweme ukubhema embhedeni.
• Ukuvikela ingane yakho ekhaya lakho. Uma unezingane ezincane, ukuvikela izingane ikhaya lakho kubalulekile - ikakhulukazi uma usengozini yokuchayeka emsebenzini. Gcina iziqukathi eziphethe amakhemikhali anobuthi zivikelekile namakhabethe agcinwe kuwo evaliwe.
• Landela imithetho yokuphepha emsebenzini. Uma usebenza ne-cyanide, sebenzisa iphepha lokumunca elisusekayo ukukhipha indawo yokusebenza. Gcina amanani nobukhulu besitsha endaweni yokusebenza bube buncane ngangokunokwenzeka. Kufanele futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ushiya wonke amakhemikhali kulebhu noma efektri. Musa ukuletha izingubo ezingangcoliswa ekhaya noma amagiya omsebenzi.