Ukwehla kweMacular (DM): kuyini, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Izinhlobo zokuwohloka kwe-retina
• 1. Ukwehla kwe-macular degeneration (AMD)
• 2. Ukomisa okomile
• 3. Ukwehla okumanzi
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Ukwelashwa kwemvelo

Ukwehla kwamakhompiyutha, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukwehla kwe-retinal noma i-DM nje, kuyisifo esidala ukuncipha komthamo wombono ophakathi, ngokufiphaza nokulahleka kobukhali, kugcina umbono wangaphandle.

Lesi sifo sihlobene nokuguga futhi sihlasela kakhulu abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50 ubudala. Ngakho-ke, futhi kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukwehla kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala be-AMD. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ivele kubantu abasha nakubantu abanezinye izinto ezinobungozi njengokusebenzisa ugwayi, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini okudla, umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ukuvezwa okukhulu yilanga, isibonelo.

Yize ungenalo ikhambi, ukwelashwa kungathuthukisa umbono futhi kuvimbele lesi sifo ukuthi sikhule, futhi kufaka nezinketho ezithile eziholwa ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo, njenge-laser photocoagulation, imithi, efana ne-corticosteroids, nemijovo ye-intraocular eyehlisa ukuvuvukala, ngaphezu kwalokho kunconyiwe ukulandela ukudla okunothile ngama-antioxidants, njengevithamini C no-E, kanye ne-omega-3, etholakala ekudleni noma kwizithasiselo.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Ukonakala kwe-retina kuvela lapho izicubu ezisenkabeni ye-retina, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-macula, ziwohloka. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu ezizibangelayo zifaka:

• Ukulahleka kancane kancane kwekhono lokubona izinto ngokucacile;
• Ukufiphaza noma ukubona okuhlanekezelwe maphakathi nombono;
• Ukubukeka kwendawo emnyama noma engenalutho maphakathi nombono.

Yize ingakhubaza kakhulu umbono, ukonakala kwe-macular akuvamisile ukuholela ekungaboni ngokuphelele, ngoba kuthinta kuphela isifunda esiphakathi, kugcina umbono wangaphandle.

Ukutholakala kwalesi sifo kwenziwa ngokuhlola kanye nokuhlolwa okwenziwa ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo, ozobheka i-macula futhi abone isimo nezinga lokuwohloka komuntu ngamunye, ukuze ahlele ukwelashwa okuhle kakhulu.

Izinhlobo zokuwohloka kwe-retina

Ngokuya ngesiteji nobukhulu bokuwohloka kwe-macular, kungaziveza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene:

1. Ukwehla kwe-macular degeneration (AMD)

Kuyisigaba sokuqala sesifo futhi kungenzeka kungazibangeli izimpawu. Kulesi sigaba, udokotela wamehlo angabona ubukhona bamadrasi, okuluhlobo lwemfucumfucu enqwabelana ngaphansi kwezicubu zamehlo.

Yize ukuqoqwa kwamadrasi kungadingi ukulahleka kombono, kungaphazamisa impilo ye-macula futhi kudlulele esigabeni esithuthuke kakhulu, uma kungatholakali kuphathwe ngokushesha.

2. Ukomisa okomile

Kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwethulwa kwalesi sifo futhi kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana e-retina efa, okudala ukulahleka kombono kancane kancane. Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, lokhu kwehla kungahle kube kubi futhi kuthuthuke, esikhathini esizayo, ifomu elinolaka kakhulu.

3. Ukwehla okumanzi

Lesi yisigaba esibi kakhulu sesifo, lapho uketshezi negazi kungavuza khona emithanjeni yegazi engaphansi kwe-retina, okuholela ekulimaleni nasekulahlekelweni kwamehlo.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukonakala kwe-Macular akunakhambi, noma kunjalo, ukulandelwa nokuqapha kwe-ophthalmologist, kuma-aphoyintimenti ahleliwe, kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha okukhulu, ukugwema ukubhebhethekisa lesi sifo.

Kwezinye izimo, kungahle kuboniswe ukwelashwa, okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwe-laser eshisayo, i-corticosteroids, i-photocoagulation ye-retina, ngaphezu kokufakwa kwemithi ngaphakathi, njenge-Ranibizumab noma i-Aflibercept, ngokwesibonelo, enciphisa ukwanda kwemithambo yegazi ukuvuvukala.

Ukwelashwa kwemvelo

Ukwelashwa kwemvelo akubuyiseli ukwelashwa ngemithi eqondiswa ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo, kepha kubalulekile ukusiza ukuvimbela nokuvimbela ukwanda kokuwohloka kwe-macular.

Kunconywa ukudla okunothe ngama-omega-3s, akhona ezinhlanzini nasemolluscs, ngaphezu kwama-antioxidants, uvithamini C, uvithamini E, i-beta-carotene, i-zinc nethusi, okukhona kwizithelo nemifino, ngoba kuyizinto ezibalulekile empilweni kwe-retina.

Uma ukudla kunganele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zansuku zonke, kungenzeka ukukudla ngezithako ezithengiswa ezitolo zokudla zezempilo nasezitolo zemithi, ngemithamo enconywe ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusiza ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni lesi sifo, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ulandele eminye imikhuba enempilo njengokuthi ungabhemi, ugweme iziphuzo ezidakayo futhi uzivikele elangeni nasemisebeni ye-ultraviolet enezingilazi ezifanele.