Unhlangothi: Isifo Sikashukela Nezinye Izingozi

-Delile

• Yini isifo sohlangothi?
• Ischemic stroke
• Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu
• Ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic kwesikhashana (i-TIA)
• Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi?
• Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokushaywa unhlangothi?
• Ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi?
• Shintsha indlela odla ngayo
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba
• Ungabhemi
• Nciphisa ukuthi uphuza kangakanani utshwala
• Thatha imithi yakho njengoba kunqunyiwe.
• Uyini umbono?

Yikuphi ukuxhumana phakathi kwesifo sikashukela nesifo sohlangothi?

Isifo sikashukela singakhuphula ubungozi bezimo eziningi zezempilo, kufaka phakathi isifo sohlangothi. Ngokuvamile, abantu abanesifo sikashukela banamathuba aphindwe ka-1.5 okuba nesifo sohlangothi kunabantu abangenaso isifo sikashukela.

Isifo sikashukela sithinta ikhono lomzimba lokwenza i-insulin noma lisisebenzise ngendlela efanele. Njengoba i-insulin idlala indima ebalulekile ekudonseni i-glucose kumaseli avela egazini, abantu abanesifo sikashukela bavame ukusala noshukela omningi egazini labo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo shukela owedlulele unganikela ekwakhiweni kwamahlule noma okufakwa emafutheni ngaphakathi kwemikhumbi enikeza igazi entanyeni nasebuchosheni. Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis.

Uma la madiphozi ekhula, angadala ukuncipha kodonga lwemithambo yegazi noma ngisho nokuvaleka okuphelele. Lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni bakho kuyeka nganoma yisiphi isizathu, kwenzeka isifo sohlangothi.

Yini isifo sohlangothi?

I-Stroke yisimo lapho kulimala khona imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni. Ukushaywa unhlangothi kunezici eziningi, ezihlanganisa ubukhulu besitsha segazi esonakele, lapho ebuchosheni imithambo yegazi yonakele khona, futhi yimuphi umcimbi odale umonakalo.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokushaywa unhlangothi yi-ischemic stroke, isifo esibuhlungu, nokuhlaselwa yischemic okwedlulayo (TIA).

Ischemic stroke

I-Ischemic stroke uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lohlangothi. Kwenzeka lapho umthambo ohambisa igazi elinomoya-mpilo ebuchosheni uvinjelwe, imvamisa yi-clot yegazi. Mayelana nemivimbo yimivimbo ye-ischemic, ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention.

Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu

Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu senzeka lapho umthambo ebuchosheni uvuza igazi noma uqhekeka. Cishe amaphesenti ayi-15 emivimbo yimivimbo eyopha kakhulu, ngokusho kweNational Stroke Association. Imivimbo ekopha ingaba yimbi kakhulu futhi inesibopho samaphesenti angama-40 okufa okuhlobene nohlangothi.

Ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic kwesikhashana (i-TIA)

I-TIA kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-ministroke ngoba ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni kuvinjelwe isikhathi esifushane futhi akuholeli ekulimaleni unomphela kwezinzwa. I-TIA i-ischemic, futhi ingahlala kusuka kumzuzu kuya emahoreni amaningana - kuze kube umthambo ovinjiwe uvuleke ngokwawo. Akufanele ungayinaki, futhi kufanele uyithathe njengesixwayiso. Abantu bavame ukubiza i-TIA ngokuthi "isifo soxwayiso."

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi?

Ukuqaphela izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile sokuthola umuntu asize ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngomzamo wokusiza abantu ukuthi bakhumbule ukuthi bangasibona kanjani isifo sohlangothi, i-American Stroke Association ivumela i-mnemonic FAST, emele:

• fi-ace idonsa
• arm ubuthakathaka
• subunzima be-peech
• time ukubiza u-911 noma abezimo eziphuthumayo zasendaweni yakho

Ezinye izimpawu ezingabonisa ukushaywa yisifo zihlanganisa ngokuzumayo:

• ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuba buthakathaka kobuso noma izingalo nemilenze, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlangothi olulodwa kuphela
• ukudideka
• Inkinga yokuqonda inkulumo
• kunzima ukubona kwelinye noma womabili amehlo
• isiyezi
• ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi noma ukuxhumanisa
• ukuhamba kanzima
• ikhanda elibuhlungu ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, shayela ku-911 noma abezimo eziphuthumayo zendawo yangakini ngokushesha. I-stroke yisimo esisongela impilo.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokushaywa unhlangothi?

Izici zobungozi bezokwelashwa zihlanganisa:

• isifo sikashukela
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• i-fibrillation ye-atrial
• izinkinga ze-coagulation yegazi
• cholesterol ephezulu
• isifo se-sickle cell
• izinkinga zokujikeleza
• isifo semithambo carotid
• umlando wangaphambilini wokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, imivimbo, noma i-TIA

Amathuba akho okushaywa unhlangothi aphakeme uma unesici esisodwa noma eziningi zalezi zingcuphe zezokwelapha.

Izici zobungozi bokuphila zifaka:

• ukungondleki kahle nokudla okunomsoco
• ukungatholi umsebenzi owanele womzimba
• noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi noma ukubhema
• ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala

Ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi inyuka ngokukhula kweminyaka, icishe iphindwe kabili eshumini ngalinye eminyakeni engaphezu kwengama-55. Uhlanga nalo lubamba iqhaza engozini yokushaywa unhlangothi, kanti abantu base-Afrika baseMelika basengozini enkulu yokufa ngenxa yokushaywa unhlangothi kunabantu baseCaucasus. Ubulili futhi bunezici ku-equation, nabesifazane ababhekene nemivimbo eminingi kunamadoda. Futhi, ukuba nesifo sohlangothi, isifo senhliziyo, noma i-TIA kwandisa ingozi yokuba nesinye isifo sohlangothi.

Ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi?

Izici ezithile zobungozi ezaziwayo zokushaywa unhlangothi, ezinjengezakhi zofuzo, ubudala, nomlando womndeni, zingaphandle kwamandla akho. Unganciphisa ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ngokwenza izinguquko ezithile zendlela yokuphila.

Bheka izinto ezinobungozi kwezokwelapha nezindlela zokuphila bese uzibuze ukuthi yini ongayenza ukusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi.

Shintsha indlela odla ngayo

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu kungakhuphula ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi. Ungahle ukwazi ukunciphisa umfutho wegazi kanye namazinga e-cholesterol yakho ngokwenza izinguquko ekudleni kwakho. Zama amathiphu alandelayo wokudla:

• Yehlisa ukudla kwakho usawoti namafutha.
• Yidla inhlanzi eningi esikhundleni senyama ebomvu.
• Yidla ukudla okunamanani aphansi kashukela ongeziwe.
• Yidla imifino, ubhontshisi namantongomane amaningi.
• Faka isinkwa esimhlophe esikhundleni sesinkwa esenziwe ngezinhlamvu ezigcwele.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba

Ukuzivocavoca izikhathi ezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu ngesonto kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi. Noma yikuphi ukuzivocavoca okwenza umzimba wakho uhambe kuyinto enhle yokuzivocavoca. Ukuhamba nsuku zonke, okusheshayo kunganciphisa ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi futhi kuthuthukise imizwa yakho ngokujwayelekile.

Ungabhemi

Uma ubhema, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema noma ezinye izinto ongazenza ukukusiza uyeke ukubhema. Ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi kubantu ababhemayo iphindwe kabili kunaleyo yabantu abangabhemi.

Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuyeka ukubhema ukuma nje. Uma lokho kungekona okwakho, cabanga ukubuza udokotela wakho ngezinsiza ezahlukahlukene ezitholakalayo ukukusiza uqede lo mkhuba.

Nciphisa ukuthi uphuza kangakanani utshwala

Uma uphuza utshwala, zama ukunciphisa ukuphuza kwakho kungabi ngaphezu kweziphuzo ezimbili ngosuku uma uyindoda noma isiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku uma ungowesifazane. Abaphenyi baxhumanise ukuphuza njalo utshwala obuningi nengozi eyengeziwe yokushaywa unhlangothi.

Thatha imithi yakho njengoba kunqunyiwe.

Izinhlobo ezithile zemithi zibaluleke kakhulu ekwehliseni ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imishanguzo yegazi, imishanguzo yesifo sikashukela, imithi ye-cholesterol (ama-statins), nemithi yokuvikela amahlule egazi, njenge-aspirin kanye ne-thinner yegazi. Uma ngabe unikezwe noma iyiphi yale mithi, qhubeka uyiphuze njengoba kuchazwe ngudokotela wakho.

Uyini umbono?

Yize ungeke ukwazi ukuqeda zonke izingozi zakho zesifo sohlangothi, kunezinto ongazenza ukunciphisa izinto ezithile ezinobungozi futhi wandise amathuba akho okuphila impilo ende, enempilo, engenaso isifo sohlangothi. Nawa amanye amathiphu:

• Sebenza nodokotela wakho ukuphatha isifo sikashukela nezinye izinto ezinobungozi, ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Nciphisa ukuphuza kwakho.
• Uma ubhema, yeka.
• Gcina ukudla okunempilo.
• Faka ukuzivocavoca njalo enkambisweni yakho.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unesifo sohlangothi, funa usizo oluphuthumayo ngokushesha.