Izifo eziyisithupha ezinkulu zohlelo lokuchama nokuthi zelashwa kanjani

-Delile

• 1. Ukutheleleka ngomchamo
• 2. Ukwehluleka kwezinso
• 3. Isifo sezinso esingalapheki
• 4. Amatshe ezinso
• 5. Ukungakwazi ukubamba umchamo
• 6. Umdlavuza
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo yisifo esivame ukuhlotshaniswa nohlelo lokuchama futhi singenzeka kwabesilisa nabesifazane kungakhathalekile ukuthi baneminyaka emingaki. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifo zingathinta uhlelo lokuchama, njengokuhluleka kwezinso, isifo sezinso esingalapheki, amatshe ezinso nomdlavuza wesinye nowezinso, ngokwesibonelo.

Kubalulekile ukuthi noma nini lapho kunophawu noma uphawu lokushintsha ohlelweni lokuchama, njengobuhlungu noma ukushisa lapho uchama, umchamo onogwebu noma onephunga elinamandla kakhulu noma ubukhona begazi emchameni, kufanele kuthintwe i-nephrologist noma i-urologist ukuze kwenziwe izivivinyo ezingakhombisa imbangela yezimpawu futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukwelashwa kungaqala.

1. Ukutheleleka ngomchamo

Ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo kufana nokwanda kwe-microorganism, ibhaktheriya noma isikhunta, noma yikuphi ohlelweni lwe-urinary, okudala izimpawu ezinjengobuhlungu, ukungakhululeki nokuzwa okushisayo lapho uchama, ngokwesibonelo. Isikhathi esiningi, izimpawu zokutheleleka zivela ngenxa yokungalingani kwe-microbiota esifundeni sangasese, ngenxa yengcindezi noma inhlanzeko embi, ngokwesibonelo.

Ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo kungathola ukuhlukaniswa okuthile ngokuya ngesakhiwo sohlelo lokuchama oluthintekile:

• I-cystitis, okuwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokutheleleka komchamo futhi olwenzeka lapho i-microorganism ifinyelela esinyeni, idala umchamo onamafu, ubuhlungu besisu, isisindo esingezansi kwesisu, umkhuhlane ophansi ophikelelayo nokushisa okushisayo lapho uchama;
• Isifo samathambo, okwenzeka lapho amabhaktheriya noma isikhunta sifinyelela ku-urethra, okudala ukuvuvukala futhi kuholele ezimpawu ezifana nokufuna ukuchama kaningi, ubuhlungu noma ukushisa ukuchama nokukhipha okuphuzi.

• I-Nephritis, okuyisifo esibi kakhulu futhi esenzeka lapho i-ejenti elithathelwanayo lifinyelela ezinso, lidala ukuvuvukala futhi liholele ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu ezinjengokushesha ukuphuthuma ukuchama, kepha ngamanani amancane, umchamo onamafu futhi onamafu, ukuba khona kwegazi emchameni , ubuhlungu besisu nomkhuhlane.

Indlela yokwelapha: Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo kufanele kunconywe yi-urologist ngokusho kwezimpawu nezimpawu ezethulwe yilowo muntu, kanye nangomphumela wokucelwa kokuchama, ukusetshenziswa kwe-antibiotic Ciprofloxacino ngokujwayelekile kukhonjisiwe. Ezimweni lapho kungabonwa khona izimpawu, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ngokuvamile akunconywa, kubhekwa nje umuntu ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukwanda kwenani lamagciwane. Yazi amanye amakhambi okutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo.

2. Ukwehluleka kwezinso

Ukwehluleka kwe-renal kubonakala ngobunzima bezinso ukuhlunga igazi ngokufanele futhi kukhuthaze ukuqedwa kwezinto ezinobungozi emzimbeni, kuqoqane egazini futhi kungaholela ezifweni, njengokunyuka kwengcindezi yegazi kanye ne-acidosis yegazi, okuholela ekubukekeni ezinye zezimpawu nezimpawu, njengokuphefumula okuncane, ukushaya ngamandla nokudideka, isibonelo.

Indlela yokwelapha: Lapho ukwehluleka kwezinso kutholakala ngokushesha lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala, kungenzeka ukukuguqula ngokusebenzisa imishanguzo ekhonjiswe yi-urologist noma i-nephrologist nangokushintsha imikhuba yokudla ukuze ugweme ukulayishwa kwezinso ngokweqile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo kunganconywa i-hemodialysis ukuze igazi lihlungwe futhi kususwe izinto eziqoqiwe.

Thola kuvidiyo engezansi ukuthi ukudla kufanele kusetshenziswe kanjani ukwelapha ukwehluleka kwezinso:

3. Isifo sezinso esingalapheki

Isifo sezinso esingapheliyo, esibizwa nangokuthi i-CKD noma ukwehluleka kwezinso okungamahlalakhona, ukulahleka okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kwezinso okungaholeli ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu noma izimpawu ezibonisa ukulahleka komsebenzi, kuqashelwa kuphela lapho izinso sezicishe zaba umsebenzi.

Izimpawu ze-CKD zivame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela noma ngomlando womndeni we-CKD futhi zivela lapho lesi sifo sesivele sisesigabeni esithuthuke kakhulu, futhi umuntu angaba nokuvuvukala ezinyaweni, ubuthakathaka, umchamo onogwebu, ukulunywa komzimba, amajaqamba nokulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla ngaphandle kwesizathu, isibonelo. Funda ukuthi ungasibona kanjani isifo sezinso esingalapheki.

Indlela yokwelapha: Ukwelashwa kwe-CKD kwenziwa, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ngokusebenzisa i-hemodialysis ukukhipha izinto ezingaphezu kwegazi futhi ezingasuswanga kahle izinso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile kanye noshintsho ekudleni kunganconywa ngudokotela ukugwema ukulayishwa kwezinso ngokweqile. Bona ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-CKD kufanele kube kanjani.

4. Amatshe ezinso

Amatshe ezinso abizwa kakhulu ngamatshe ezinso futhi avela ngokungazelelwe, futhi angaqedwa ngomchamo noma abhajwe ku-urethra, abangele izinhlungu eziningi, ikakhulukazi esifundeni esiyi-lumbar futhi esingadala ubunzima bokuhamba, nokuba khona kwegazi izinso. umchamo. Amatshe ezinso angaba nokwakhiwa okuhlukile futhi ukwakheka kwawo kuhlobene kakhulu nemikhuba yokuphila, njengokuntuleka kokuvivinya umzimba, ukudla okungalungile nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuncane emini, kodwa futhi kungaxhunyaniswa ngqo nezici zofuzo.

Indlela yokwelapha: Ukwelashwa kwamatshe ezinso kungahluka ngokuya ngamandla wezimpawu nosayizi nendawo yamatshe, okuqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa kwesithombe. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angancoma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokuqeda izinhlungu nokwenza lula ukuqedwa kwetshe. Kodwa-ke, lapho itshe likhulu noma livimbela i-urethra noma i-ureter, ngokwesibonelo, kunganconywa ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa okuncane ukususa itshe.

Kuzo zonke izimo, kubalulekile ukuphuza amanzi amaningi futhi uqaphele ukudla kwakho, ngoba ngale ndlela, ngaphezu kokuphatha itshe elivele likhona, livimbela ukubonakala kwabanye. Qonda ukuthi ungadla kanjani ukugwema amatshe ezinso:

5. Ukungakwazi ukubamba umchamo

Ukungasebenzi komchamo kubonakala ngokulahleka komchamo okungazibandakanyi, okungenzeka kubo bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane kungakhathalekile ukuthi badala kangakanani. Ukungalawuleki kungenzeka ngenxa yokunyuka kwengcindezi esinyeni, okuvame kakhulu ekukhulelweni, noma ngenxa yezinguquko ezinhlakeni zemisipha ezisekela iphansi le-pelvic.

Indlela yokwelapha: Ezimweni ezinjalo, isincomo ukuthi izivivinyo zenziwe ukuqinisa imisipha ye-pelvic nokuvikela ukulahleka komchamo ngokungazibandakanyi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi noma ukuhlinzwa kungakhonjiswa, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu. Thola ukuthi ungakwelapha kanjani ukungahambi kahle komchamo.

6. Umdlavuza

Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zingathinta uhlelo lokuchama, njengoba kwenzeka nasemdlavuzeni wesinye nowezinso, okungenzeka lapho amangqamuzana amabi ekhula kulezi zitho noma kugxilwe kuwo. Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza wesinye nowezinso ubangela izimpawu ezinjengobuhlungu nokushisa lapho uchama, ukukhuphuka kwesifiso sokuchama, ukukhathala ngokweqile, ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, ukuba khona kwegazi emchameni, ukubonakala kwesisindo esifundeni sesisu nokuncipha kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Indlela yokwelapha: Ukwelashwa kufanele kuboniswe ngemuva kokuhlonza uhlobo nezinga lomdlavuza, futhi ukuhlinzwa kungakhonjiswa yi-nephrologist noma i-oncologist ukukhipha isimila, kulandele i-chemo noma i-radiotherapy noma i-immunotherapy. Kwezinye izimo, ukufakelwa izinso kungadingeka lapho izinso zitholakala zonakaliswe kakhulu.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kwezifo zohlelo lomchamo kufanele kwenziwe udokotela we-urologist noma we-nephrologist ngokusho kwezimpawu nezimpawu ezethulwe ngumuntu. Imvamisa, ukuhlolwa komchamo nomchamo kukhonjiswa ukubheka ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ushintsho kulezi zivivinyo nokuthi kukhona yini ukutheleleka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukwenza izivivinyo zamakhemikhali ezihlola ukusebenza kwezinso, njengokulinganisa kwe-urea ne-creatinine egazini. Kuyanconywa futhi ukukala ezinye izimpawu zomdlavuza wamakhemikhali, njenge-BTA, i-CEA ne-NPM22, evame ukuguqulwa ngomdlavuza wesinye, ngaphezu kwezivivinyo zokuthatha isithombe ezivumela ukubonwa kohlelo lwe-urinary.