Ukusebenzisana Kwezidakamizwa: Umhlahlandlela Wabathengi

-Delile

• Kuyini ukuxhumana kwezidakamizwa?
• Izinhlobo zokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa
• Izidakamizwa
• Ukwelashwa ngaphandle kwemithi
• Ukudla izidakamizwa
• Izidakamizwa-utshwala
• Isidakamizwa-isifo
• I-drug-laboratory
• Ezinye izinto ekuhlanganyeleni kwezidakamizwa
• Izakhi zofuzo
• Isisindo
• Ubudala
• Ubulili (owesilisa noma owesifazane)
• Indlela yokuphila (ukudla nokuvivinya umzimba)
• Isikhathi esingakanani umuthi usemzimbeni wakho
• Udla umuthi isikhathi esingakanani
• Umthamo
• Uthathwa noma uphathwa kanjani umuthi
• Ukwakheka
• Ukulandelana lapho kuthathwa khona imithi
• Ukufunda amalebula ezidakamizwa
• Amalebula wezidakamizwa ze-OTC
• Amalebula emithi kadokotela
• Ukufunda kabanzi ngokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa

Siphila ezweni lapho kunezidakamizwa ezingakholeki ukwelapha izimo eziningi ezazibonakala zingathinteki esikhathini esedlule.

Embikweni obubheke ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kadokotela wase-US ngeminyaka ka-2013 kuya ku-2016, i-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ithole ukuthi abantu abalinganiselwa kwabaseMelika basebenzise okungenani umuthi owodwa ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ezedlule.

Kuyakhuthaza ukwazi ukuthi kunezinketho zokubhekana nokugula kwethu okuvamile. Kodwa-ke, ukutholakala okuhlaba umxhwele kwemithi kukhulisa nokwenzeka kokuhlangana kwezidakamizwa.

Kuyini ukuxhumana kwezidakamizwa?

Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa kubandakanya inhlanganisela yomuthi nezinye izinto eziguqula umthelela womuthi emzimbeni. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi umuthi ube ngaphansi noma ube namandla kakhulu kunalokho obekuhlosiwe noma uholele emiphumeleni emibi engalindelekile.

Uma usebenzisa imishanguzo eminingi, unezimo ezithile zempilo, noma ubona udokotela ongaphezu koyedwa, kufanele uyiqaphele ikakhulukazi imithi yakho. Udinga futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi udokotela wakho ngamunye wazi zonke izidakamizwa, amakhambi, izithasiselo, namavithamini owasebenzisayo.

Noma uthatha umuthi owodwa kuphela, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ngalokho okusebenzisayo ukukhomba ukuhlangana okungenzeka. Lesi seluleko sisebenza kuzo zombili izidakamizwa zemithi kadokotela nezingabhaliswanga.

Izinhlobo zokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlangana kwezidakamizwa okufanele wazi. Ake sihlole ngamunye ngokuqhubekayo kancane.

Izidakamizwa

Ukusabela kwezidakamizwa kulapho kuba khona ukuxhumana phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zemithi kadokotela.

Isibonelo esisodwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-warfarin (i-Coumadin), i-anticoagulant (i-blood thinner), ne-fluconazole (i-Diflucan), umuthi we-antifungal. Ukuthatha le mithi emibili ndawonye kungaholela ekwandeni okungaba yingozi ekopha.

Ukwelashwa ngaphandle kwemithi

Lokhu ukusabela phakathi komuthi kanye nokwelashwa okungabhaliswanga. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imishanguzo ye-over-the-counter (OTC), amakhambi, amavithamini, noma izithasiselo.

Isibonelo salolu hlobo lokuxhumana singenzeka phakathi kwe-diuretic - umuthi ozama ukukhipha umzimba wamanzi nosawoti omningi - ne-ibuprofen (Advil). Ibuprofen inganciphisa ukusebenza kwe-diuretic ngoba ibuprofen ivame ukudala ukuthi umzimba ugcine usawoti noketshezi.

Ukudla izidakamizwa

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukudla noma isiphuzo kudla umphumela wezidakamizwa.

Isibonelo, amanye ama-statins (asetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-cholesterol ephezulu) angaxhumana nejusi lamagilebhisi. Uma umuntu othatha esinye salezi zimila ephuza ujusi omningi wamagilebhisi, umuthi omningi kakhulu ungahlala emzimbeni wakhe, kwandise ubungozi bokulimala kwesibindi noma ukwehluleka kwezinso.

Omunye umphumela ongaba khona wokusebenzisana kwejusi le-statin-grapefruit yi-rhabdomyolysis. Yilapho imisipha yamathambo yehla, ikhipha iprotheni ebizwa nge-myoglobin egazini. I-Myoglobin ingaqhubeka ilimaze izinso.

Izidakamizwa-utshwala

Imithi ethile akufanele ithathwe ngotshwala. Imvamisa, ukuhlanganisa le mithi notshwala kungadala ukukhathala nokubambezeleka kokuphendula. Kungakhuphula nobungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi.

Isidakamizwa-isifo

Lokhu kuhlangana kulapho ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa kuguqula noma kubhebhethekise isimo noma isifo. Ngokwengeziwe, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zingakhuphula ubungozi bemiphumela emibi evela emithini ethile.

Isibonelo, amanye ama-decongestant abantu abawathathela imikhuhlane angakhuphula umfutho wegazi. Lokhu ukuxhumana okungenzeka kube yingozi kubantu abane-high blood pressure (hypertension).

Esinye isibonelo yi-metformin (isidakamizwa sikashukela) nesifo sezinso. Abantu abanesifo sezinso kufanele basebenzise umthamo ophansi we-metformin noma bangathathi nhlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-metformin inganqwabelana ezinsweni zabantu abanalesi sifo, ikhuphule ubungozi bemiphumela emibi kakhulu

I-drug-laboratory

Eminye imithi ingaphazamisa izivivinyo ezithile zaselebhu. Lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa enganembile.

Isibonelo, ama-tricyclic antidepressants akhonjisiwe ukuthi aphazamisa ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba okusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe umuntu unakho yini ukungezwani komzimba okuthile.

Ezinye izinto ekuhlanganyeleni kwezidakamizwa

Yize kubalulekile ukuzifundisa ngokwazi kwakho ukuhlangana kwezidakamizwa, qonda ukuthi lolu lwazi alukutsheli konke odinga ukukwazi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlangana kwezidakamizwa kungenzeka akusho ukuthi kuzokwenzeka.

Izici zomuntu siqu zingadlala indima ekutheni ukuhlangana kwezidakamizwa kuzokwenzeka nokuthi kuzoba yingozi yini. Okucacile ngemithi yakho, kufaka phakathi umthamo, ukwakheka, nokuthi uwaphuza kanjani, nakho kungenza umehluko.

Izici ezilandelayo zomlando wezokwelapha womuntu zithonya ukuhlangana okungenzeka kwezidakamizwa:

Izakhi zofuzo

Ukuhluka ekwakhekeni kofuzo ngakunye kungenza umuthi ofanayo usebenze ngokuhlukile emizimbeni ehlukene.

Njengomphumela wekhodi yabo ethile yofuzo, abanye abantu bacubungula imishanguzo ethile ngokushesha okukhulu noma ngokunensa kunabanye.

Lokhu kungadala ukuthi amazinga ezidakamizwa ehle noma akhuphuke ngaphezu kokulindelekile. Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukuthi imiphi imishanguzo edinga ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukuthola isilinganiso esifanele sakho.

Isisindo

Eminye imishanguzo iyancishiswa kuye ngokuthi umuntu unesisindo esingakanani.

Izinguquko zesisindo zingathinta umthamo futhi zikhuphule noma zinciphise ubungozi bokuhlangana kwezidakamizwa. Ngakho-ke uma unoshintsho olukhulu esisindweni sakho, ungadinga isilinganiso esihlukile semithi ethile.

Ubudala

Njengoba sikhula, imizimba yethu iyashintsha ngezindlela eziningi, ezinye zazo ezingathinta indlela esisabela ngayo emithini. Izinso, isibindi, kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi kunganciphisa ukukhula ngeminyaka. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukonakala nokususwa kwezidakamizwa emizimbeni yethu.

Ubulili (owesilisa noma owesifazane)

Umehluko phakathi kobulili, njenge-anatomy namahomoni, ungadlala indima ekuhlanganyeleni kwezidakamizwa.

Isibonelo, umthamo ophakanyisiwe we-zolpidem (Ambien) onikezwe abesifazane wehliselwa engxenyeni yemali enikezwe amadoda. Lokhu kwenzeke ngemuva kokuthi ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuba nezinga eliphakeme lomuthi ohlelweni lwabo ekuseni, lapho lungaphazamisa imisebenzi efana nokushayela.

Indlela yokuphila (ukudla nokuvivinya umzimba)

Ukudla okuthile kungaba yinkinga uma kuhlanganiswa nemithi.

Isibonelo, ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukudla okunamafutha amaningi kunganciphisa ukuphendula kwama-bronchodilators, asetshenziswa ngabantu abane-asthma ukwelapha izimpawu.

Ukuvivinya umzimba kungashintsha nokuthi imithi isebenza kanjani.

Isibonelo, abantu abasebenzisa i-insulin ukwelapha isifo sikashukela bangathola i-hypoglycemia (ushukela ophansi wegazi) ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca. Ngakho-ke kungadingeka ukuthi balungise isikhathi abadla ngaso futhi bathathe i-insulin yabo ukuqeda ukwehla koshukela wegazi.

Ukubhema osikilidi kungathinta futhi imetabolism yezinye izidakamizwa. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ukuthi uyabhema uma bencoma ukuthi uqale umuthi omusha.

Uma ucabanga ukuyeka ukubhema, udokotela wakho angasebenza nawe ukuza nohlelo lomuntu siqu lokuyeka.

Isikhathi esingakanani umuthi usemzimbeni wakho

Izici eziningi zithinta ijubane lapho umzimba umunca futhi usebenze izidakamizwa. Umthamo ofanele womuntu ngamunye ungancika ezintweni ezinjalo, futhi ungaphakama noma ube ngaphansi kunomthamo ojwayelekile. Lesi ngesinye isizathu esenza udokotela wakho adinga ukwazi yonke imishanguzo oyiphuzayo ngaphambi kokukunikeza umuthi omusha.

Udla umuthi isikhathi esingakanani

Umzimba ungabekezelela eminye imithi, noma izidakamizwa uqobo zingasiza umzimba ukuthi uzicubungule ngokushesha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke imithamo kungadingeka ukuthi ilungiswe uma ithathwa isikhathi eside. Izibonelo ezimbili yizidakamizwa ezibuhlungu nezidakamizwa zokulwa nezidakamizwa.

Umthamo

Igama elithi “umthamo” inani lemithi enqunyiwe okufanele ithathwe noma inikezwe. (Ngezinye izikhathi ungalizwa igama elithi “dosage,” elisho inani lemithi enikezwa ngezikhathi ezithile - ngokwesibonelo, kanye ngosuku.)

Abantu ababili abathatha umuthi ofanayo ngqo bangabekelwa imithamo ehlukene. Ukubala umthamo ofanele kudinga ukucacisa, ngakho-ke akufanele ushintshe ukuthi ungakanani umuthi owuthathayo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala.

Uthathwa noma uphathwa kanjani umuthi

Kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene umuthi onganikezwa ngazo. Ezinye izindlela ezivamile esisebenzisa ngazo izidakamizwa zifaka ngomlomo (ngomlomo), ngomjovo nangezihloko (ezisetshenziswa esikhunjeni). Indlela imithi engena ngayo emzimbeni ingaguqula kakhulu imiphumela evelayo.

Ukwakheka

Ukwakhiwa komuthi yinhlanganisela ethile yezithako umuthi oqukethe. Ukwakhiwa kwemithi kubalulekile ngoba kunganquma, ngokwengxenye, ukuthi umuthi usebenza kanjani emzimbeni kanye nokusebenza kwawo.

Ukulandelana lapho kuthathwa khona imithi

Okunye ukuxhumana kwezidakamizwa kungancishiswa noma kuqedwe uma izidakamizwa zithathwa ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene.

Imithi ethile ingathinta ukumuncwa kweminye imishanguzo lapho ithathwa ngaphambi komunye. Ama-antiacid afana namaphilisi e-calcium angavimbela ukumuncwa kwe-antifungal drug ketoconazole, ngokwesibonelo.

Ukufunda amalebula ezidakamizwa

Ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala unolwazi ngemithi yakho.

Kepha kufanele uhlale ufunda wonke amalebula ezidakamizwa nemininingwane yezidakamizwa oyisiguli oyitholayo, noma ngabe umuthi ngudokotela noma i-OTC. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uziqonde kangcono izidakamizwa zakho, futhi kungavimbela nokusebenzisana.

Amalebula wezidakamizwa ze-OTC

Amalebula ezidakamizwa e-OTC azofaka imininingwane elandelayo:

• Isithako esisebenzayo nenhloso: Uhlu izithako zomuthi ezisebenza ngezinhloso zokwelapha. Isigaba "Injongo" sizosho ukuthi isithako ngasinye senzani (isibonelo, i-decongestant yamakhala, i-antihistamine, i-reliever pain, i-fever reducer).
• Ukusetshenziswa: Incazelo emfushane yokuthi yiziphi izimpawu noma izimo umuthi ohloselwe ukwelashwa.
• Izexwayiso: Isigaba esinikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ngokusebenzisa umuthi ngokuphepha. Izosho ukuthi kufanele ume nini noma ungawusebenzisi nini umuthi nokuthi ungaxhumana nini nodokotela ngokusetshenziswa kwawo. Imiphumela emibi nokuhlangana okungaba khona nakho kubhalwe lapha.
• Imikhombandlela: Imiyalo yokuthi ungakanani umuthi okufanele uthathwe nokuthi uvame ukwenziwa kangaki.Uma kunemiyalo ekhethekile yokuthi ungasiphuza kanjani lesi sidakamizwa, zizofakwa kuhlu lapha.
• Olunye ulwazi: Lesi sigaba kaningi sinemininingwane yokuthi ungasigcina kanjani kahle lesi sidakamizwa. Kungaphinde kunikeze imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nezithako ezithile umuthi oqukethe, njengenani le-calcium, i-potassium, noma i-sodium. Le mininingwane ingabaluleka kubantu abanezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba kanye nemikhawulo yokudla.
• Usuku lokuphelelwa isikhathi: Usuku lapho umenzi aqinisekisa khona ukuphepha nokusebenza komuthi.
• Izithako ezingasebenzi: Uhlu lwezithako zomuthi ezingasebenzeli injongo yokwelapha, njengokufaka imibala nokunambitheka.
• Imininingwane yokuxhumana yomkhiqizi: Imvamisa ungabiza umkhiqizi kulayini ongakhokhelwa uma unemibuzo ngomuthi. Izinkampani eziningi zisebenza kule migqa kusukela ngoMsombuluko kuya kuLwesihlanu.

Amalebula emithi kadokotela

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamalebula kadokotela - ukufakwa kwephakeji nokufakwa kwephakeji lesiguli (i-PPI). Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa (i-FDA) kulawula ifomethi namazinga wazo zombili izinhlobo zamalebula.

Ungabona futhi okufakwayo kwephakeji okubizwa ngemininingwane yokunquma. Kungumbhalo onemininingwane oqukethe imininingwane mayelana nomuthi futhi uvame ukutholakala ngaphakathi noma unamathiselwe kwibhodlela lesitokisi esisho imithi.

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngomuthi kadokotela, cela ukufaka kwephakeji. Ukufaka kwephakeji kuyachaza:

• ukuthi umuthi usebenza kanjani nolwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa komtholampilo komuthi
• ungasiphuza kanjani lesi sidakamizwa kanye nanoma iziphi izindlela zokuphepha (njengokuthi akufanele yini zithathwe nokudla)
• yiziphi izimo umuthi osetshenziselwa ukwelapha
• izixwayiso ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona noma ukusabela okungathandeki
• ukuxhumana okungenzeka nezinye izidakamizwa, izithasiselo, ukudla, noma iziphuzo
• imininingwane yesilinganiso nemiyalelo yokuthi kufanele wenzeni uma kwenzeka ukweqisa ngokweqile
• olunye ulwazi, njengokuthi umuthi ubukeka kanjani nokuthi uwugcina kanjani

Ibhodlela lempahla kadokotela lingahle libe namalebula okuxwayisa ngesitikha esimibalabala esitholakala ngqo emabhodleleni. Lokhu kunemininingwane mayelana nemiphumela engemihle kanye nokusebenzisana okungaba khona.

I-PPI ijwayeleke kakhulu kubantu abaningi. Imininingwane enikezwa ngemithi enikezwe yona ngqo. I-PPI ifaka imininingwane eningiliziwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa, ebhalwe ngokusobala kakhulu kunokufakwa okuningi kwamaphakeji.

Ngokwengeziwe, ilebuli yakho kadokotela kufanele iqukathe igama lakho, igama likadokotela wakho, negama lomuthi, kanye namandla, umthamo, izinkomba, usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, nolunye ulwazi olukhombayo. Lolu lwazi olufushane lukhona ukukukhumbuza ngokuthi ungasiphuza kanjani lesi sidakamizwa.

Ukufunda kabanzi ngokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa

Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ukuze uthole imininingwane enembile kakhulu futhi esesikhathini ngobungozi bakho bokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa. Qiniseka ukuthi bayayazi yonke imithi oyiphuzayo.

Iba nengxoxo ecacile mayelana nokudla okungenzeka kube khona, izidakamizwa ze-OTC, kanye nezifo ezingadala izinkinga uma kuhlangene nemithi yakho.

Eminye imibuzo ongayibuza:

• Sisebenza kahle kanjani lesi sidakamizwa emzimbeni wami? Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona engingayithola?
• Ngingayithatha le mithi neminye imiyalo yami? Uma kunjalo, kufanele ngiyiphuze ngesikhathi esihlukile kuneminye imithi yami?
• Ngithatha futhi izidakamizwa ezilandelayo ze-OTC, amakhambi, amavithamini, noma izithasiselo. Ingabe lo muthi uphephile ukuthi ungahamba nawo?
• Ngabe kukhona ukudla okuthile noma iziphuzo okufanele ngikugweme lapho ngisebenzisa lo muthi? Uma kunjalo, kungani?
• Kungaba namuphi umphumela ongaba khona ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi?
• Ungazichaza yini nezimpawu zokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa okufanele ngizibheke?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngiba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu noma ukuxhumana kwezidakamizwa?
• Ngingathanda ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngalo muthi. Unganginikeza ikhophi yokufakwa kwephakeji? Uma kungenjalo, ngingayithola kuphi online?
• (Uma kusebenza) Ngingakwazi ukuthatha lo muthi ngenkathi ngikhulelwe noma ngincelisa ibele?
• Ngabe lesi sidakamizwa singachotshozwa noma sihlafunwe uma ngithola ukuthi kunzima ukusigwinya, noma sihlanganiswe nokudla noma isiphuzo ukufihla ukunambitheka kwaso?

Uma unanoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka noma imibuzo mayelana nemithi oyiphuzayo noma ohlela ukuyiphuza, thintana nodokotela wakho. Ngokuyinhloko, abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisayo kufanele bahlole nodokotela wabo ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimiphi imithi emisha.