Kungani Ngidla Izikhafu Zami?

-Delile

• Yini ebangela ukuthi abantu badle izinkalankala zabo?
• Ziyini izingcuphe zokukhetha utwayi nokudla?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ukukha nokudla izinkalankala?
• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha
• Imithi yomlomo
• Imithi yezihloko
• Uyini umbono wokukhetha utwayi nokudla?

Ukubuka konke

Cishe bonke abantu bazokhetha induna noma bakhwebe isikhumba sabo ngezikhathi ezithile. Kepha kwabanye abantu, ukukhetha isikhumba kubabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu, ukukhathazeka, kanye nezinkinga zempilo. Lokhu kungaba njalo lapho umuntu ejwayele ukukha futhi adle izinkalankala zakhe.

Yini ebangela ukuthi abantu badle izinkalankala zabo?

Ukukha nokudla izinkamba kungaba nezimbangela eziningi ezingaphansi. Kwesinye isikhathi, umuntu angakhetha esikhunjeni sakhe futhi angaboni nokuthi bayakwenza. Ngezinye izikhathi, umuntu angakhetha esikhunjeni sakhe:

• njengendlela yokubhekana nokubhekana nokukhathazeka, intukuthelo, noma ukudabuka
• njengempendulo eziwombeni ezinzima zokucindezeleka noma ukungezwani
• kusukela ekudinweni noma emkhubeni
• ngenxa yomlando womndeni walesi simo

Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu angazizwa ekhululeka lapho ekhetha futhi edla utwayi wawo. Kodwa-ke, le mizwa ivame ukulandela ihlazo nokuzizwa unecala.

Odokotela babhekisa ezinkingeni zokuphindaphinda isikhumba njengokuziphatha okuphindayo okugxile emzimbeni (BFRBs). Kwenzeka lapho umuntu ekhipha isikhumba sakhe kaninginingi futhi kaningi enezikhuthazo nemicabango yokukha isikhumba, kufaka phakathi ukukha utwayi. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka ukudonsa izinwele eziphindaphindwayo nokudla noma ukukha izinzipho zomuntu.

Lesi sifo sivame ukubhekwa njengesifo sokucindezela ngokweqile (OCD). Umuntu one-OCD unemicabango eyeqisayo, ukunxusa, nokuziphatha okungaphazamisa impilo yabo yansuku zonke. Ama-BFRB nawo angenzeka ngokuphazamiseka kwesithombe somzimba nokugcwala.

Njengamanje, ukuthathwa kwesikhumba (kufaka phakathi izinkalakatha zokudla) kubhalwe ngaphansi “kokuphazamiseka okuphoqayo nokuhlobene” kuDiagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-V). Leli yibhukwana elisetshenziswa odokotela bengqondo ukuthola ukuphazamiseka kwezokwelapha.

Ngokusho kweThe TLC Foundation for Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors, iningi labantu liqala i-BFRB eneminyaka ephakathi kuka-11 no-15 ubudala. Ukukhethwa kwesikhumba kuvame ukuqala eneminyaka eyi-14 kuye kweyi-15. Kodwa-ke, umuntu angabhekana nalesi simo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Ziyini izingcuphe zokukhetha utwayi nokudla?

Isifo esibandakanya ukukha nokudla izinkalakatha singakuthinta ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Abanye abantu bakhetha isikhumba sabo ngenxa yemizwa yokukhathazeka nokudangala, noma lo mkhuba ungaholela ekuzizweleni le mizwa. Bangagwema izimo zomphakathi kanye nemisebenzi ebandakanya ukuveza izindawo zomzimba wabo abazikhethele zona. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuyeka ukuya ezindaweni ezifana nolwandle, iphuli, noma ijimu. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi umuntu azizwe ekhishwa inyumbazane.

Ngaphezu kwemiphumela yayo empilweni yengqondo, ukukha nokudla izinkalaka kungadala:

• izibazi
• izifo zesikhumba
• izilonda ezingapholi

Ezimweni ezingavamile, umuntu angathatha uqweqwe kangangokuba izilonda zesikhumba zakhe zijule futhi zitheleleke. Lokhu kungadinga ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa ukunciphisa ubungozi bokusabalala kwegciwane.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ukukha nokudla izinkalankala?

Uma ungeke uyeke ukukha nokudla utwayi wedwa, kufanele ufune ukwelashwa. Ungaqala ngodokotela wakho oyinhloko noma udokotela wezifo zengqondo uma unaye.

Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha

Abelaphi bangasebenzisa izindlela, ezinjengokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT), okungafaka ukwelashwa nokwamukela ukuzibophezela (ACT).

Enye indlela yokwelashwa ukwelashwa kokuziphatha ngokwe-dialectical (DBT). Le ndlela yokwelashwa inamamojula amane aklanyelwe ukusiza umuntu onenkinga yokukha isikhumba:

• ukucabanga
• ukulawulwa kwemizwa
• ukubekezelelana kosizi
• ukusebenza kahle komuntu

Umqondo wokucabanga ufaka phakathi ukwazi ngezimbangela zokukha utwayi nokwamukela lapho izifiso zokukhetha noma ukudla utwayi zenzeka.

Ukulawulwa kwemizwelo kubandakanya ukusiza umuntu ukuthi abone imizwa yakhe ukuze azame ukushintsha umbono wakhe noma imizwa yesenzo.

Ukubekezelelana kosizi kulapho umuntu efunda ukubekezelela imizwa yakhe futhi amukele izifiso zakhe ngaphandle kokunikezela abuyele ekukhetheni nasekudleni utwayi.

Ukusebenza komunye umuntu kungafaka izindlela zokwelapha zomndeni ezingasiza futhi umuntu ocosha nodla utwayi. Ukubamba iqhaza ekwelashweni kweqembu kungasiza ekufundiseni amalungu omndeni ukuthi angamxhasa kanjani othandekayo wabo.

Imithi yomlomo

Ngaphezu kwezindlela zokwelashwa, udokotela angahle anikeze imishanguzo yokuqeda ukukhathazeka nokudangala okungadala ukukhethwa kwesikhumba.

Akekho umuthi okhonjisiwe ukunciphisa izehlakalo zokudla utwayi. Kwesinye isikhathi kungadingeka ukuthi uzame izindlela ezahlukahlukene zemithi noma inhlanganisela yemithi ukuthola ukuthi yini ezosebenza kakhulu. Izibonelo zifaka:

• i-escitalopram (Lexapro)
• i-fluoxetine (Prozac)
• i-sertraline (Zoloft)
• i-paroxetine (Paxil)

Le mithi i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ekhethiwe (SSRIs), esiza ekwenzeni kutholakale okuningi kwe-serotonin ye-neurotransmitter. Kwesinye isikhathi odokotela bazonikeza imishanguzo yokuthithibalisa i-lamotrigine (Lamictal) ukunciphisa izehlakalo zokukhethwa kwesikhumba.

Imithi yezihloko

Ezinye izimbangela zokukha nokudla uqweqwe ukushoshozela noma ukushisa kwesikhumba. Ngenxa yalokhu, udokotela angancoma ukusebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha ukuze kunciphise le mizwa.

Ama-antihistamine okhilimu noma ama-steroids aphezulu anganciphisa ukuzwa kokuluma. Ama-topical anesthetic cream (njenge-lidocaine) noma ama-astringents nawo angasiza ekunciphiseni imizwa engaholela ekuthatheni izinkalankala.

Ungathola ukuthi ungayeka ukukha isikhumba isikhashana (ukuthethelelwa), kepha bese uqala ukusebenza ngokuzayo (ukuphinda ubuye). Ngenxa yalokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukwelashwa nokwelashwa okutholakalayo ukwelapha ukucoshwa kwesikhumba. Uma ukubuyela emuva kwenzeka, bheka udokotela. Usizo luyatholakala.

Uyini umbono wokukhetha utwayi nokudla?

Izimo zezempilo yengqondo njenge-BFRB zibhekwa njengezimo ezingalapheki. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezindlela zokwelapha ezizokuphatha, kepha isimo singahlala isikhathi eside - ngisho nempilo yonke.

Ukuzifundisa ngalokho okubangela izimpawu zakho kanye nokwelashwa kwamanje okutholakalayo kungakusiza ukuthi uqale ukubhekana nale nkinga.

Ungavakashela I-TLC Foundation Yezithintelo Eziphindaphindayo Zomzimba-ukuthola imininingwane yakamuva nocwaningo maqondana nokuziphatha kokukhetha isikhumba.