I-Enterovirus: izimpawu, ukwelashwa nokuthi ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko nezifo ezibangelwa i-enterovirus
• Izingozi zokutheleleka nge-enterovirus lapho ukhulelwe
• Indlela yokwelapha
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ama-Enteroviruses ahambisana nohlobo lwamagciwane izindlela zawo eziyinhloko zokuziphindaphinda umgudu wamathumbu, okwenza izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukuhlanza nomphimbo obuhlungu. Izifo ezibangelwa ama-enteroviruses zitheleleka kakhulu futhi zivame kakhulu ezinganeni, njengoba abantu abadala benamasosha omzimba athuthuke kakhudlwana, bephendula kangcono ezifweni.

I-enterovirus eyinhloko i-poliovirus, okuyi-virus ebanga uvendle, okuthi uma ifinyelela ohlelweni lwezinzwa, kuholele ekukhubazekeni kwezitho nasekusebenziseni kabi izimoto. Ukudluliswa kwegciwane kwenzeka ikakhulu ngokungeniswa kokudla kanye / noma amanzi angcoliswe yigciwane noma ukuxhumana nabantu noma izinto nazo ezingcolisiwe. Ngakho-ke, indlela engcono yokuvimbela ukutheleleka ngukuthuthukisa imikhuba yenhlanzeko, ngaphezu kokugoma, uma kwenzeka uvendle.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko nezifo ezibangelwa i-enterovirus

Ukuba khona kanye / noma ukungabikho kwezimpawu ezihlobene nokutheleleka nge-enterovirus kuncike ohlotsheni lwegciwane, ubudlova balo kanye namasosha omzimba omuntu. Ezimweni eziningi zokutheleleka, izimpawu azibonwa futhi lesi sifo sixazululwa ngokwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zezingane, ikakhulukazi, njengoba amasosha omzimba engakhuli kahle, kungenzeka ukuthi izimpawu ezinjengekhanda, umkhuhlane, ukuhlanza, umphimbo obuhlungu, izilonda zesikhumba nezilonda ngaphakathi emlonyeni, kuya ngohlobo lwegciwane, ngaphezu kwengozi ephakeme yezinkinga.

Ama-Enteroviruses angafinyelela ezithweni eziningana, izimpawu nobukhulu besifo kuya ngesitho esithintekile. Ngakho-ke, izifo eziyinhloko ezibangelwa ama-enteroviruses yilezi:

1. Uvendle: Uvendle, obizwa nangokuthi ukukhubazeka kwezinsana, kubangelwa i-poliovirus, uhlobo lwe-enterovirus olukwazi ukufinyelela ohlelweni lwezinzwa futhi lubangele ukukhubazeka kwezitho zomzimba, ukungahambisani kahle kwezimoto, ubuhlungu bamalunga kanye ne-muscle atrophy;
2. I-hand-foot-mouth syndrome: Lesi sifo sithelelana kakhulu futhi sidalwa uhlobo lwe-enterovirus Coxsackieokubangela, ngaphezu komkhuhlane, isifo sohudo nokuhlanza, ukuvela kwamabhaladi ezandleni nasezinyaweni nasemilondweni yomlomo;
3. I-Herpangina: I-Herpangina ingabangelwa uhlobo lwe-enterovirus Coxsackie nangegciwane I-Herpes simplex futhi ibonakala ngokutholakala kwezilonda ngaphakathi nangaphandle komlomo, ngaphezu komphimbo obomvu futhi othukuthele;
4. I-viral meningitis: Lolu hlobo lwe-meningitis lwenzeka lapho i-enterovirus ifinyelela ohlelweni lwezinzwa futhi idale ukuvuvukala kwama-meninges, okuyizikhumba ezithinta ubuchopho nomgogodla, okuholela ezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ikhanda, intamo eqinile nokuzwela okukhulu ekukhanyeni;
5. I-Encephalitis: Ku-encephalitis yegciwane, i-enterovirus ibangela ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni, futhi kufanele ilashwe ngokushesha ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga ezingaba khona, njengokukhubazeka kwemisipha, izinguquko ezibukwayo nobunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuzwa;
6. I-hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: Endabeni ye-viral conjunctivitis, i-enterovirus ithintana ngqo nolwelwesi lweso, okudala ukuvuvukala kwamehlo nokopha okuncane, okwenza iso libe bomvu.

Ukudluliswa kwe-enterovirus kwenzeka ikakhulu ngokusetshenziswa noma ngokuthintana nezinto ezingcolile, kanti umzila womlomo womlomo uyindlela eyinhloko yokutheleleka. Ukungcola kwenzeka lapho i-enterovirus igwinya, umgudu wokugaya ukudla uyisiza esiyinhloko sokuphindaphindwa kwaleli gciwane, yingakho igama elithi enterovirus.

Ngaphezu kokudluliswa komlomo ngomlomo, igciwane lingadluliselwa ngamaconsi asakazeke emoyeni, njengoba i-enterovirus nayo ingadala izilonda emphinjeni, kodwa-ke le ndlela yokudlulisa ayijwayelekile.

Izingozi zokutheleleka nge-enterovirus lapho ukhulelwe

Ukutheleleka nge-enterovirus ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubonisa ingozi yengane lapho ukutheleleka kungatholakali futhi ukwelashwa kuqala enganeni ngemuva nje kokuzalwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingane ingaxhumana negciwane ngisho nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi, ngemuva kokuzalwa, ngenxa yokuthuthuka okuncane kohlelo lwayo lokuzivikela komzimba, iba nezimpawu nezimpawu zesifo sepsis, lapho igciwane lifinyelela khona egazini lisabalale kalula. imizimba.

Ngakho-ke, i-enterovirus ingafinyelela ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, isibindi, amanyikwe kanye nenhliziyo futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kubangele ukwehluleka okuningi kwezitho zomntwana, okuholele ekufeni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-enterovirus kubonakale ekukhulelweni ngenhloso yokuqala ukwelashwa enganeni nokuvimbela izinkinga ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Indlela yokwelapha

Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nge-enterovirus kuhlose, ezimweni eziningi, ukukhulula izimpawu, ngoba alukho umuthi othize wezifo eziningi ezibangelwa lolu hlobo lwegciwane. Imvamisa izimpawu zokutheleleka ziyanyamalala ngokwazo ngemuva kwesikhashana, kepha lapho i-enterovirus ifinyelela egazini noma ohlelweni oluphakathi lwezinzwa, ingabulala, idinga ukwelashwa ngokuyalelwa ngudokotela.

Endabeni yokubandakanyeka kwesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi, ukuphathwa kwe-immunoglobulin emthanjeni kunganconywa udokotela, ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukulwa nokutheleleka kalula. Eminye imishanguzo yokuvikela ukutheleleka nge-enterovirus isisesigabeni sokuhlola, ayikalawulwa futhi ikhishwe ukuze isetshenziswe.

Njengamanje, kunomuthi wokugoma kuphela olwa ne-enterovirus obhekene novendle, uvendle, nomuthi wokugoma kufanele unikezwe ngemithamo emi-5, owokuqala unezinyanga ezimbili ubudala. Endabeni yezinye izinhlobo zama-enteroviruses, kubalulekile ukwamukela izindlela zokuhlanzeka futhi ukwazi ukufinyelela ezimweni ezihamba phambili zokukhucululwa kwendle ukuze uvimbele ukungcoliswa kwamanzi asetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa noma ezinye izinhloso, ngoba indlela ehamba phambili yokudlulisa la magciwane ingumgogodla- ngomlomo. Bona ukuthi uwuthola nini umuthi wokugomela uvendle.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kokuqala kokutheleleka nge-enterovirus kwenziwa ngokubonakaliswa komtholampilo okuchazwe yisiguli, okudinga ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri ukuqinisekisa ukutheleleka. Ukuxilongwa kwelabhoratri lokutheleleka nge-enterovirus kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zamangqamuzana, ikakhulukazi iPolymerase Chain Reaction, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-PCR, lapho kutholakala khona uhlobo lwegciwane kanye nokugxila kwalo emzimbeni.

Leli gciwane lingabonakala nangokuhlukanisa leli gciwane kwimidiya ethile yamasiko ukuze kuqinisekiswe izici zokuziphindaphinda. Leli gciwane lingahlukaniswa nezinto eziningana zebhayoloji, njengendle, i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), ukuphuma komphimbo negazi kuye ngezimpawu ezichazwe ngumuntu. Emgodini, i-enterovirus ingatholakala kuze kube amasonto ayisithupha ngemuva kokutheleleka futhi ingatholakala emqaleni phakathi kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezi-7 kusukela ekuqaleni kokutheleleka.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Serological kungacelwa futhi ukuthi kuhlolwe impendulo yesistimu yomzimba ekutheleleni, kepha lolu hlobo lokuhlola alusetshenziswanga kabanzi ukuthola izifo ze-enterovirus.